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Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin (Russian: Всеволод Михайлович Гаршин; 14 February 1855 – 5 April 1888) was a Russian author of short stories.
Vsevolod Garshin | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Vsevolod Garshin by Ilya Repin | |
| Born | Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin February 14, 1855 Bakhmut uezd, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | April 5, 1888 (aged 33) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Relatives | Yevgeny Garshin |
| Military career | |
| Service |  Imperial Russian Army |
| Battles / wars | Russo-Turkish War |
Life
editGarshin was the son of an officer, from a family tracing its roots back to a 15th-century prince, who entered into the service of Ivan the Great.[1] He attended secondary school and then the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. He volunteered to serve in the army at the start of the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. He participated in the Balkans Campaign as a private, and was wounded in action. He was promoted to the rank of officer at the end of the war. He resigned his commission soon after in order to devote his time to literary efforts. He had previously published a number of articles in newspapers, mostly reviews of art exhibitions.[2]
His experiences as a soldier provide the basis for his first stories, including the very first, "Four Days" (Russian: "Четыре дня"), based on a real incident. The narrative is organized as the interior monologue of a wounded soldier left for dead on the battlefield for four days, face to face with the corpse of a Turkish soldier he had killed. Garshin's empathy for all beings is already evident in this first story.[citation needed]
Despite early literary success, he had periodical bouts of mental illness. Garshin attempted to commit suicide by throwing himself down the stone stairs leading to his apartment building. Although not immediately fatal, he died as a result of his injuries in a hospital in April 1888, at the age of 33.[3][4]
Work
editThe essence of Garshin's personality is a "genius" for pity and compassion, as intense as Dostoevsky's but free from all the "Nietzschean", "underground", and "Karamazov" ingredients of the greater writer.
Garshin's work is not voluminous: it consists of some twenty stories, all of them included in a single volume. His stories are characterized by a spirit of compassion and pity that some have compared to Dostoevsky's.[6]
In "A Very Short Novel" he examines the infidelity of a woman to a crippled hero. The story displays Garshin's talent for concentration and lyrical irony. "That Which Was Not" and "Attalea Princeps" are fables with animals and plants in human situations. The second of these stories has a sense of tragic irony.[7] In "Officer and Soldier-Servant" he is a forerunner of Chekhov; it is an excellently constructed story conveying an atmosphere of drab gloom and meaningless boredom. "From the Reminiscences of Private Ivanov" — the title story in the most recent English language collection of Garshin's work — has the same Russo-Turkish War setting of "Four Days", and includes as minor players the characters from "Officer and Soldier-Servant".[citation needed]
His best-known and most characteristic story is "A Red Flower"; it fits in the series of lunatic-asylum stories in Russian literature[7] (including Gogol's "Diary of a Madman" (1835), Leskov's The Rabbit Warren (1894) and Chekhov's "Ward No. 6" (1892)).[citation needed] "A Red Flower" translated as "The Scarlet Blossom" by Virginia Mary Crawford appeared in the London journal Time in Aug 1890.[8]
In 1883, Garshin was the model for the younger Ivan in Ilya Repin's painting Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan.[9]
Gallery
edit-
Garshin in 1877, during his service in the Russo-Turkish War -
Vsevolod M. Garshin. Portrait by Ilya Repin (1883) -
Garshin as Ivan the Terrible's son -
Garshin in 1885 -
1885 cover of The Red Flower: A Literary Collection by Ilya Repin -
Garshin at his funeral in 1888 -
Garshin's grave in Saint Petersburg -
1955 stamp
References
edit- ^ Peter Henry, A Hamlet of His Time, Vsevolod Garshin: The Man, His Works, and His Milieu, Willem A. Meeuws (1983), p. 27
- ^ Terras, Victor (1991). A History of Russian Literature. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 464–465. ISBN 978-0-300-04971-8.
- ^ "Introduction to 'The Signal and Other Stories, by W. M. Garshin". Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ "Vsevolod Mikhaylovich Garshin | Russian writer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
- ^ Contemporary Russian literature, 1881-1925. Contemporary literature series. A. A. Knopf. 1926.
- ^ "ФЭБ: Евнин. Ф. М. Достоевский и В. М. Гаршин. — 1962 (текст)". Next.feb-web.ru. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- ^ a b Mirsky, D.S. A History of Russian Literature.
- ^ Crawford, Virginia (August 1890). "The Scarlet Blossom".
- ^ Valkenier, Elizabeth Kridl (January 1993). "The Writer as Artist's Model: Repin's Portrait of Garshin". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 28: 207–216. doi:10.2307/1512927. JSTOR 1512927. S2CID 155366014.
This article incorporates text from D.S. Mirsky's "A History of Russian Literature" (1926-27), a publication now in the public domain.
- Article on Vsevolod Garshin and fan hysteria in the 1880s
- Colleen Lucey. Violence, murder, and fallen women: prostitution in the works of Vsevolod Garshin Canadian Slavonic Papers 58, no.4 (2016)
External links
edit
- Works by Vsevolod Garshin in eBook form at Standard Ebooks
- Works by Vsevolod Garshin at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Vsevolod Garshin at the Internet Archive
- Works by Vsevolod Garshin at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- From the Reminiscences of Private Ivanov and other stories
- A collection of Garshin's stories translated to English
