'Vitelotte', also called Vitelotte noire, Négresse[1]: 150 or Truffe de Chine,[2] is a gourmet French variety of blue-violet potato.[3] It has been cultivated in France at least since the early nineteenth century.
| Potato 'Vitelotte' | |
|---|---|
 'Vitelotte' potatoes | |
| Genus | Solanum |
| Species | Solanum tuberosum |
| Cultivar | 'Vitelotte' |
| Origin | France |
Description
edit'Vitelotte' potatoes have a dark blue, almost black, skin and dark violet-blue flesh; they have a characteristic nutty flavour and smell of chestnuts. The colour is retained in cooking, and is due to natural pigments in the anthocyanin group of flavonoids.[4] The plants mature late and, compared to modern varieties, are relatively low-yielding. The tubers are elongated with sunken eyes;[2] they are thick-skinned, and thus keep well.
Etymology
editThe French word vitelotte derives from the archaic French: vit, meaning "penis" (modern French bite), by analogy with the shape of the tuber. The first occurrence of the word is from 1812.[5]
History
editIn early descriptions, vitelotte were not necessarily violet-coloured. In a source from 1817, six varieties of potato are listed as available at the market of Les Halles; among them are both vitelotte and violette ("violet").[6]: 508 A treatise on agriculture published in 1863 lists five possible colours for the vitelotte: white, yellow, pink, red and violet.[7] In 1873 Alexandre Dumas wrote in his Grand dictionnaire de cuisine:[8]: 847
"... the best of all are unquestionably the violet [ones], preferable even to the red [ones], [and] known in Paris by the name of Vitelottes'".
Gallery
edit-
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Whole and halved -
As potato crisps -
Leaves and stalks showing violet colouring
References
edit- ^ Robert Diehl (1938). La pomme de terre: caractères et description des variétés (in French). Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
- ^ a b Vitelotte Noire, Négresse (in French). Le Plant Français de Pomme de Terre. Accessed May 2013
- ^ [s.n.] (2008) International Year of the Potato 2008: New light on a hidden treasure: an end-of-year report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived 11 May 2020.
- ^ Silke Hillebrand, Heike Naumann, Nina Kitzinski, Nils Köhler, Peter Winterhalter (2009) Isolation and Characterization of Anthocyanins from Blue-fleshed Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. Archived 22 October 2015.
- ^ Vitelotte (in French). Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. Accessed May 2013.
- ^ [s.n.] (1817) Mémoires d'agriculture, d'économie rurale et domestique; publiés par la Société royale et centrale d'agriculture (in French). Paris: Librairie de Madame Huzard.
- ^ Jean Pierre Louis Girardin, Alphonse Du Breuil (1863) Traité élémentaire d'agriculture, Volume 2 (in French). Bibliothèque de la ferme et des maisons de campagne. Paris: Garnier frères. pp. 7–11.
- ^ Alexandre Dumas (1873) Grand dictionnaire de cuisine (in French). Paris: Alphonse Lemerre.
"… les meilleures de toutes sont sans contredit, les violettes, préférables mêmes aux rouges, connues à Paris sous le nom de Vitelottes"
