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Vinzenz Eduard Milde (11 May 1777 – 14 March 1853) was Prince-Archbishop of Vienna. He was the first Prince-Archbishop and commoner: the see had always hitherto been occupied by a nobleman.
His Excellency Vinzenz Eduard Milde | |
|---|---|
| Prince-Archbishop of Vienna | |
 | |
| Church | Roman Catholic |
| Archdiocese | Vienna |
| Appointed | 27 December 1831 |
| In office | 1832–1853 |
| Predecessor | Leopold Maximilian von Firmian |
| Successor | Joseph Othmar von Rauscher |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Litoměřice (1823–1831) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 9 March 1800 |
| Consecration | 13 July 1823 by Matthias Paulus Steindl |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 May 1777 |
| Died | 14 March 1853 (aged 75) |
| Buried | St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Coat of arms |  |
Life
editMilde was born on 11 May 1777 in Brno. He entered the "Alumnat" or little seminary at Vienna in 1794. There he formed an intimate friendship with Vinzenz Darnaut, the future professor of church history, and with Jakob Frint, later Bishop of St. Pölten. The three men were again united as court chaplains, and remained friends for the remainder of their lives. He later attended the Seminary of Vienna. Meanwhile, Milde became catechist in the Normal High School and successor of Augustin Gruber, and occupied also the chair of pedagogics at the university.
Later, as court chaplain at Schönbrunn, Milde spoke comfortingly to the Emperor Francis II, after a battle lost to Napoleon. The emperor named Milde Bishop of Leitmeritz in 1823, and in 1831 Prince-Archbishop of Vienna.
The year of the Revolution (1848) brought him bitter enmities and severe illness. He was between two fires. On 13 March the storm broke, and four days later he warned his clergy, in a circular letter, not to overstep the bounds of their calling: "Priests are not intended to advise regarding the earthly affairs of men, nor to regulate them, but should only concern themselves with interior matters pertaining to the salvation of souls." But the revolution soon menaced the archbishop. Mock serenades were held repeatedly outside his palace and its windows were broken. On the other hand, a portion of the clergy clamoured that he should be declared incapable of managing the affairs of the diocese and expressed the hope of being led to victory by a stronger personality.
A deputation of the clergy represented this to Milde, who complied as far as possible by retiring to his castle of Kranichberg. When the draft of the fundamental laws of the Austrian constitution was discussed by the assembly of the States of the Empire at Kroměříž, the archbishop drew up an address to the assembly:
- "The undersigned bishops declare solemnly that they, as true citizens, promote the welfare and hold sacred the rights of the state, but it is the duty of their office and of their conscience to look after the freedom and the rights of the Catholic Church, to oppose encroachment and restriction on the part of the state, and to beg for that support which would promote the true interests of the state and the successful activity of the Church."
At the assembly of bishops in Vienna (1849), Milde was chosen one of a committee of five to continue the negotiations with the state. When finally in 1850 the imperial decisions were promulgated, which at first dealt a blow to the existing Josephist system, Milde published a pastoral for the purpose of stilling the tumult: "The uneasiness is indeed in great part the result of misunderstanding, but often also the result of malicious misrepresentation, since, through some newspapers and through speeches made by certain men inimical to the Church, the words of the august decree were distorted, and erroneous representations spread abroad."
Vinzenz Eduard Milde died on 14 March 1853 in Vienna.
Monument
editThe monument erected to him in the left wing of St. Catharine's chapel in the cathedral of St. Stephen in Vienna portrays a catechist bending over two children, inscribed "Charity", to the left, a priest in the act of elevating the Blessed Sacrament, attended by a young priest and a clerk, inscribed "and Prayer". Under these two inscriptions, and extending across the whole length of the monument are the words "link together the inhabitants of this world and those of the next".
Works
editMilde's "Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Erziehungskunde" was well known (Vol. I: Von der Kultur der physischen und der intellectuellen Anlagen; Vol. II: Von der Kultur des Gefühls- und des Begehrungsvermögens, Vienna, 1811–13, 3rd ed., 1843). A compendium of the Erziehungskunde was published in 1821. J. Ginzel edited Milde's "Reliquien" (2nd ed., Vienna, 1859), which contained discourses and addresses which he delivered as bishop and archbishop.
References
edit
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Vinzenz Eduard Milde". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry cites:
- Sebastian Brunner, Denk Pfennige zur Erinnerung an Personen, Zustände und Erlebnisse vor, in und nach dem Explosionsjahre 1848 (Vienna and Würzburg, 1886);
- Joseph Augustin Ginzel, Reliquien von Milde (2nd ed., Vienna, 1859);
- Andreas Thurnwald, Milde als Pädagoge, with portrait of Milde (Vienna, 1877);
- Cölestin Wolfsgruber. Die k. u. k. Hofburgkapelle und die geistliche Hofkapelle (Vienna, 1904);
- Wotke, Karl. Eduard Milde als Pädagoge und sein Verhältnis zu den geistigen Strömungen seiner Zeit: Eine Cultur- und quellengeschichtliche Einleitung in seine "erziehungskunde" (Vienna: W. Braumüller, 1902);
- Constant von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, XVIII (Vienna, 1868), pp. 301–308.