Vilnis ('Wave') was a Lithuanian language communist newspaper published from Chicago, the United States 1920–1989.[1][2][3][4] The first issue was published on April 8, 1920, following the split of the Socialist Party of America.[5] The founder of Vilnis, Vincas Andrulis, became its editor.[6]
Vilnis was a daily newspaper but became a weekly in its later years.[1] Vilnis was issued by the Workers Publishing Association.[4] By the mid-1920s, Vilnis had a circulation of around 11,500.[7]
When the New York-based publication Daily Worker ceased publication in 1958, Vilnis became the most widely circulated communist daily in the country. It had a circulation of around 32,000.[2] As of 1968 Vilnis was a semi-weekly, with a circulation of 5,000.[8] By the mid-1970s, the circulation of Vilnis (published thrice weekly) had dropped to 2,500.[4] The association that published Vilnis later became the Workers Education Society.[1]
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- ^ a b c Vaughn, Stephen. Encyclopedia of American Journalism. New York: Routledge, 2008. p. 115
- ^ a b National Republic, Vol. 46–47. 1958. p. 29
- ^ Zinkus, Jonas, and Tadas Adomonis. Lithuania: An Encyclopedic Survey. Vilnius: Encyclopedia Publishers, 1986. p. 307
- ^ a b c Lituanus, Vol. 22. Lithuanian Student Association, Secretariate for External Relations, 1976. p.
- ^ Wolkovich-Valkavičius, William. Lithuanian Religious Life in America: A Compendium of 150 Roman Catholic Parishes and Institutions, Vol. III 1991. p. 16
- ^ Griškevičius, Petras. In the Union of Soviet Nations. Vilnius: Mintis, 1982. p. 181
- ^ American labor press directory, Vol. 20. Rand School of Social Science. Dept. of Labor Research, 1925. p. 22
- ^ Foster, William Z. History of the Communist Party of the United States. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968. p. 262