The vice-president of the Arab Republic of Egypt is a senior official within the Egyptian government.
| Vice-President of the Arab Republic of Egypt | |
|---|---|
.svg) Arms of the Government | |
Incumbent since 14 August 2013Vacant | |
| Appointer | President of Egypt |
| Term length | No term limits |
| Formation | 7 March 1958 14 July 2013 (Interim) 23 April 2019 |
| First holder | Sabri al-Asali Akram al-Hawrani Abdel Latif Boghdadi Abdel Hakim Amer |
| Final holder | Mahmoud Mekki Mohamed ElBaradei (Interim) |
| Abolished | 26 December 2012 18 January 2014 (Interim) |
History of the office
editBefore 1971
editIn 1962, President Gamal Abdel Nasser instituted collective leadership in Egypt, separating the post of Prime Minister from that of President and establishing a presidential council to deal with all issues formerly considered presidential prerogatives. Five of the council's 11 members were Vice-Presidents of Egypt.[1]
Under the 1971 Constitution
editAccording to article 139 of the 1971 Constitution, the President "may appoint one or more Vice-Presidents define their jurisdiction and relieve them of their posts. The rules relating to the calling to account of the President of the Republic shall be applicable to the Vice-Presidents." The Constitution gave broad authority to the President to determine the number of Vice-Presidents, as well as their appointment, dismissal and duties of office.
After the 2011 amendments, the president should appointed a vice president 60 days after his inauguration.
Under the 2012 Constitution
editThe 2012 Constitution did not include the position of Vice-President.[2]
With the adoption of the 2012 Constitution on 26 December 2012, the office of Vice-President was abolished. Mahmoud Mekki was the last person to hold the office before the adoption of the 2012 Constitution, having resigned on 22 December 2012.
2013 coup d'état
editAfter the overthrow of President Mohamed Morsi in the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, the position of the Vice-President was briefly restored (with extra-constitutional basic) by Acting President Adly Mansour, who appointed Mohamed ElBaradei to the post of Acting Vice-President on 7 July 2013.[3][4] He was sworn in on 14 July.[5] On 14 August 2013, following a violent crackdown by security forces on supporters of deposed President Morsi, in which more than 800 people were killed,[6] ElBaradei resigned as Acting Vice President.[7]
Under the 2014 Constitution
editMuch like the 2012 Constitution, until 2019, the 2014 Constitution also did not include the position of Vice-President.
After 2019 constitutional amendments
editThe office has since been restored following a constitutional referendum. President may appoint one or more vice presidents. The main duty of the vice presidents is to assist the president.[8]
List of officeholders
editThis list contains Vice-Presidents of United Arab Republic (1958–71, included Syria until the 1961 coup d'état) and Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present).[9]
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | President | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
|
Sabri al-Asali صبري العسلي (1903–1976) |
7 March 1958 | 7 October 1958 | 214 days | National Party | Nasser | |
|
Akram al-Hawrani أكرم الحوراني (1912–1996) |
7 March 1958 | 19 September 1960 | 2 years, 196 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Nasser | |
|
Abdel Latif Boghdadi عبد اللطيف البغدادي (1917–1999) |
7 March 1958 | 23 March 1964 | 6 years, 16 days | National Union (until 1962) |
Nasser | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
|
Abdel Hakim Amer محمد عبد الحكيم عامر (1919–1967) |
7 March 1958 | 30 September 1965 | 7 years, 207 days | National Union (until 1962) |
Nasser | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
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|
Nur al-Din Kahala نور الدين كحالة (1908–1965) |
20 September 1960 | 18 October 1961 | 1 year, 28 days | National Union | Nasser | |
|
Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj عبد الحميد السراج (1925–2013) |
16 August 1961 | 18 October 1961 | 63 days | National Union | Nasser | |
|
Kamal el-Din Hussein كمال الدين حسين (1921–1999) |
16 August 1961 | 23 March 1964 | 2 years, 220 days | National Union (until 1962) |
Nasser | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
|
Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012) |
16 August 1961 | 23 March 1964 | 2 years, 220 days | National Union (until 1962) |
Nasser | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
|
Hussein el-Shafei حسين محمود حسن الشافعي (1918–2005) |
16 August 1961 | 30 September 1965 | 4 years, 45 days | National Union (until 1962) |
Nasser | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
|
Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) |
17 February 1964 | 26 March 1964 | 38 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser | |
|
Hassan Ibrahim حسن ابراهيم (1917–1990) |
17 February 1964 | 27 January 1966 | 1 year, 344 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser | |
|
|
Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012) |
1 October 1965 | 20 March 1968 | 2 years, 171 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser | |
|
Ali Sabri على صبرى (1920–1991) |
1 October 1965 | 20 March 1968 | 2 years, 171 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser | |
|
|
Hussein el-Shafei حسين محمود حسن الشافعي (1918–2005) |
20 March 1968 | 16 January 1973 | 4 years, 302 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser Sadat | |
|
|
Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) |
19 December 1969 | 14 October 1970 | 299 days | Arab Socialist Union | Nasser | |
|
|
Ali Sabri على صبرى (1920–1991) |
30 October 1970 | 2 May 1971 | 184 days | Arab Socialist Union | Sadat | |
|
Mahmoud Fawzi محمود فوزى (1900–1981) |
16 January 1972 | 18 September 1974 | 2 years, 245 days | Arab Socialist Union | Sadat | |
| Vacant (18 September 1974 – 16 April 1975) | |||||||
|
Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020) |
16 April 1975 | 14 October 1981 | 6 years, 181 days | Arab Socialist Union (until 1978) |
Sadat | |
| National Democratic Party | |||||||
| Vacant (14 October 1981 – 29 January 2011) | |||||||
|
Omar Suleiman عمر سليمان (1936–2012) |
29 January 2011 | 11 February 2011 | 13 days | Independent | Mubarak | |
| Vacant (11 February 2011 – 12 August 2012) | |||||||
| Mahmoud Mekki محمود مكي (born 1954) |
12 August 2012 | 22 December 2012 | 132 days | Independent | Morsi | ||
| Vacant (22 December 2012 – 26 December 2012) | |||||||
| Post abolished (26 December 2012 – 14 July 2013) | |||||||
|
Mohamed ElBaradei محمد البرادعي (born 1942) (Interim) |
14 July 2013 | 14 August 2013 | 31 days | Constitution Party | Mansour (Interim) | |
| Vacant (14 August 2013 – 18 January 2014) | |||||||
| Post abolished (18 January 2014 – 23 April 2019) | |||||||
| Vacant (23 April 2019 – present) | |||||||
References
edit- ^ Nasser institutes Collective Leadership, Davar, 1962 (in Hebrew)
- ^ Shalaby,Ethar (3 December 2012). "VP not to continue according to new constitution". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ^ "Egyptian interim president nominates two for leadership posts". Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Egypt's Salafist party rejects choices for premier, vice-president". Al Arabiya. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
- ^ Aya Batrawy, "Egypt's defense minister defends ousting president", Associated Press, 14 July 2013.
- ^ "Egyptian security forces storm protesters' camps". The Washington Post. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ "Egypt's VP Mohamed ElBaradei resigns in protest against crackdown". Los Angeles Times. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president". Ahram Online.
- ^ "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online".
- El-Gawady, Mohamed:[1]Cabinets during period of Revolution (1986)
- Hafez, Salah: Democracy Shock (2001)