For the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, a total of six sports venues were used. Alpine skiing events took place for the first time and were held in three different locations. Riessersee held the speed skating and some of the ice hockey matches while the bobsleigh events took place south of the lake. The ski jump and its neighboring stadium played host to the cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping events. Even though figure skating and some of the ice hockey matches took place outdoors at the ice stadium, the ice itself was artificially refrigerated to prevent ice thawing.
Venues
edit| Venue | Sports | Capacity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Große Olympiaschanze | Cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, Opening and Closing Ceremonies, Ski jumping | 59,280 (78,306 on opening & closing ceremonies) | [1][2] |
| Gudiberg | Alpine skiing (combined - slalom) | 21,041 | [1] |
| Kreuzjoch | Alpine skiing (combined - downhill) | Not listed. | [1] |
| Kreuzeck | Alpine skiing (downhill finish line) | 9,367 | [1] |
| Olympia-Kunsteisstadion | Figure skating, Ice hockey (final) | 8,644 | [1] |
| Bob Run Riessersee | Bobsleigh | 8,970 | [1] |
| Riessersee (Lake) | Ice hockey, Speed skating | 8,430 | [1] |
Before the Olympics
editThe first ski jump in Garmisch-Partenkirchen was constructed in 1902.[3] A permanent structure was completed in 1934 in time for the 1936 Games.[1][4] Bobsleigh took place in Garmisch as early as 1910.[5] The track used for the 1936 Games was completed in 1934.[6] The first Bobsleigh World Championships that took place at the track was in 1934 in the four-man event.[7] The ice stadium was constructed in only 106 days in 1934.[8] The 60 by 30 m (197 by 98 ft) rink was supported by 22 km (14 mi) of steel piping to keep the rink at a consistent temperature.[8] A 300 kW (400 hp) chiller was used to keep the rink frozen at a consistent temperature.[8]
During the Olympics
editThe speed skating and some of the ice hockey matches took place at Reissersee near the hotels located on the east side of the lake.[6] In the forest south of the lake was where the bobsleigh track was located.[6] During the men's singles figure skating event, judge John Machado of Canada contracted pneumonia after being outdoors in six hours of inclement weather and had to be replaced.[9][10]
After the Olympics
editSince the 1952-53 ski jumping season, the jump has been part of the Four Hills Tournament.[4][11] It has hosted a ski jumping event every New Year's Day since 1953.[4] The jump was renovated in 1978 before being demolished in April 2007.[4] A new venue was constructed during the rest of that year with it being opened and dedicated for use during the 2007–08 Four Hills Tournament on New Year's Day 2008.[4]
The bobsleigh track hosted the FIBT World Championships in 1938 (four-man), 1953, and 1962 before being demolished in 1966.[5][7]
The ice stadium was converted into an indoor arena in 1964, renovated between 1990 and 1994, and is now known as Olympia Eissport Zentrum Garmisch-Partenkirchen (English: Olympic Ice Sport Center of Garmisch-Partenkirchen).[12]
Garmisch became a popular alpine skiing venue, hosting the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1978 and 2011.[13][14][15] It was part of Munich's unsuccessful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics to host all of the skiing events (alpine, cross-country, freestyle, Nordic combined, snowboarding, and ski jumping) for those games should the city that hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics be awarded the games in July 2011.[16]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h 1936 Winter Olympics official report. Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine pp. (PDF) pp. 140-141. Accessed 7 February 2022.(in German)
- ^ 1936 Winter Olympics official report. Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine pp. (PDF) page 139. Accessed 7 February 2022.(in German)
- ^ Skisprungschanzen.com profile of the first Garmisch ski jump. Accessed 17 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ a b c d e Skisprungschanzen.com profile of the Olympic ski jump at Garmisch. Archived 2010-08-13 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ a b Garmisch-Partenkirchen.de history of the bob-run: 1910-66. Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 October 2010.
- ^ a b c 1936 Olympic Winter Games official report. Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine pp. 70, 71, 74, 132-40, 153, 408-419. Accessed 16 October 2010.(in German)
- ^ a b Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930. Archived 2007-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 October 2010.
- ^ a b c 1936 Winter Olympics official report. Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine pp. 123-8, 139. Accessed 16 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ 1936 Winter Olympics official report. Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine p. 380. Accessed 17 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2009). "Figure Skating:Men". In The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: 2010 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 48.
- ^ History of the Four Hills Tournament. Accessed 17 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ Gemeindewerke Garmisch-Partenkirchen profile. Accessed 17 October 2010. (in German)
- ^ FIS-Ski.com profile of the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1978. Accessed 17 October 2010.
- ^ FIS-ski.com profile of the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011. Archived 2011-02-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 October 2010.
- ^ Official website of the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011. Accessed 17 October 2010.
- ^ Munich 2018 official website. Accessed 17 October 2010. (in English and German)