The Venice celery strike of 1936 was a labor action in Venice, California (in Los Angeles County) that lasted from April 20, 1936 to May 27, 1936.[1][2] A 1938 history of Asian-American and Latino/Hispanic labor action prepared by the Federal Writers' Project stated that the strike was called by CUCOM (Confederación de Unión Campesinos y Obreros Mexicanos) in order to negotiate "higher wages and better hours." The strike was reportedly "attended by considerable violence."[2]
 Japanese American workers return to harvest celery fields in Venice after going on strike, Los Angeles, 1936 (Illustrated Daily News via UCLA Digital) |
The strikers were Mexican American, Filipino American, and Japanese American farmworkers, organized as the Filipino Federated Workers Union, the American Agricultural Industrial Workers, and the Japanese Farm Workers Union of California.[3] They were employed by Japanese American farmers who had no legal right to own their own land, which was held in the name of various banks (especially Bank of America) and leased to the resident alien farmers to get around the exclusion laws that prohibited Japanese American land ownership.[3]
The "considerable violence" was mostly the work of the LAPD Red Squad, which "used brutal and violent tactics to punish strikers and their supporters".[3] There was, however, an incident in Torrance on May 25, in which one young strikebreaker reported that he "was one of 25 men who had been brought to section from Chula Vista to replace striking celery workers" and had been "set upon by Mexicans and Filipinos".[4]
In his 1939 book Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California, journalist Carey McWilliams dubbed it "the backyard strike", because until this strike Angelenos had only heard about strike-related violence in distant parts of the vast state, whereas this strike took place in "vacant lots" in the southwestern section of Los Angeles County.[5] Much of that violence occurred in the San Joaquin Valley during a series of agricultural strikes that took place in 1933.
The celery strike concluded with workers winning a modest wage increase and other concessions,[3] in an agreement that was later renewed twice.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "4. Ethnic Solidarity or Interethnic Accommodation: The 1936 Venice Celery Strike". Transborder Los Angeles. University of California Press. 2022. pp. 105–136. doi:10.1525/9780520976931-007. ISBN 978-0-520-97693-1. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ a b Barry, Raymond P., ed. (1938). "Oriental and Mexican Labor Unions and Strikes in California Agriculture". Monographs Prepared for A Documentary History of Migratory Farm Labor in California, 1938. Federal Writers Project, Oakland, California. Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley (oac.cdlib.org). p. 27. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ a b c d Escobar, Edward J. (1999). "Chapter 5: The LAPD and Mexican American Workers, 1920–1940". Race, Police, and the Making of a Political Identity: Mexican Americans and the Los Angeles Police Department, 1900–1945. Latinos in American Society and Culture, Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. doi:10.1525/9780520920781. ISBN 978-0-520-92078-1. LCCN 98023322. OCLC 44965755.
- ^ "Man Lays Beating to Celery Strike". News-Pilot. May 25, 1936. p. 7. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ a b McWilliams, Carey (2000) [1939]. "XIV. The Rise of Farm Fascism". Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. 230–263. doi:10.1525/9780520925182-016. ISBN 978-0-520-92518-2. LCCN 99045099. OCLC 881510062.
Further reading
edit- Banh, Jenny; King, Melissa, eds. (2017). Anthropology of Los Angeles: place and agency in an urban setting. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-2854-2.
- Bonacich, Edna; Luqian, Cheng, eds. (2023) [1984]. Labor Immigration under Capitalism: Asian Workers in the United States Before World War II. University of California Press. doi:10.2307/jj.2430610. ISBN 978-0-520-31781-9.
- Chi, Tsung (2005). East Asian Americans and political participation: a reference handbook. Political participation in America. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-290-5.
- Lowenstein, Norman (1940). Strikes and Strike Tactics in California Agriculture: A History. University of California, Berkeley.
- Modell, John (1977). The economics and politics of racial accommodation: the Japanese of Los Angeles, 1900–1942. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
- Niiya, Brian, ed. (1993). Japanese American history: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present. Japanese American National Museum (Los Angeles, Calif.). New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-2680-7.
External links
edit- "Understanding the History of Japanese-Mexican Relations and Nurturing Empathy Toward Others". UC Press Blog. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
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