The Yuwono monitor or tricolor monitor (Varanus yuwonoi), also commonly known as the black-backed mangrove monitor or the black-backed monitor, is a species of monitor lizard in the blue-tailed monitor species complex.[2][3] The tricolor monitor is endemic to the island of Halmahera, in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia.[4]
| Varanus yuwonoi | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Varanidae |
| Genus: | Varanus |
| Subgenus: | Euprepiosaurus |
| Species: | V. yuwonoi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Varanus yuwonoi | |
  | |
| Varanus yuwonoi is endemic to the island of Halmahera | |
Etymology
editThe specific epithet, yuwonoi, is in honour of Indonesian herpetologist Frank Bambang Yuwono (born 1958).[3][5]
Taxonomy
editThe tricolor monitor is a member of the blue-tailed monitor (Varanus doreanus) species complex, which includes species such as the blue-tailed monitor, Finsch's monitor, and the Mussau Island blue-tailed monitor.[2]
Description
editThe fully mature size of tricolor monitors is currently unknown, owing to the great difficulty of observing this species. The largest individual recorded was 1.46 metres (4.79 feet) in total length (including tail) but was not fully grown.[6]
The species is strikingly colourful, with a bright blue tail and a yellow body. The tongue is also yellow, a shared characteristic of all species in the blue-tailed monitor species complex.[7] The tail is heavily compressed and the teeth are proportionately very long compared to most monitors, even those which it is closely related to.[6]
Geographic range and habitat
editTricolor monitors are endemic to Halmahera Island, and are primarily found in its inland rainforest, where they are sympatric with the turquoise monitor, Rainer Günther's monitor, and possibly the silver monitor.[6]
Diet
editTricolor monitors are carnivorous. They frequent nest mounds excavated by megapodes, which attract smaller birds as well as small reptiles and insects that they may take as prey with their unusually long teeth. They may also consume megapode chicks and are reported to also excavate mounds to eat the eggs inside. This suggests that this species is specialized at ambushing birds.[6]
References
edit
- ^ Stubbs, A.; Arida, E.; Shea, G.; Auliya, M. (2021). "Varanus yuwonoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22916A123633095. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b Weijola, Valter; Vahtera, Varpu; Lindqvist, Christer; Kraus, Fred [in French] (2019-07-23). "A molecular phylogeny for the Pacific monitor lizards (Varanus subgenus Euprepiosaurus) reveals a recent and rapid radiation with high levels of cryptic diversity". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 186 (4): 1053–1066. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz002.
- ^ a b Harvey, Michael B.; Barker, David G. (1998). "A new species of blue-tailed monitor lizard (genus Varanus) from Halmahera Island, Indonesia". Herpetologica. 54 (1): 34–44. JSTOR 3893395. (Varanus yuwonoi, new species).
- ^ Varanus yuwonoi at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 2 April 2020.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Varanus yuwonoi, p. 292).
- ^ a b c d Weijola, Valter (2010-03-25). "Geographical distribution and habitat use of monitor lizards of the North Moluccas". Biawak. 4: 7–23.
- ^ Weijola, Valter; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Lindqvist, Christer (2016-02-23). "A new blue-tailed monitor lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanus indicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea". ZooKeys (568): 129–154. Bibcode:2016ZooK..568..129W. doi:10.3897/zookeys.568.6872. PMC 4829673. PMID 27103877.