Visvanathan Dharmalingam (Tamil: விஸ்வநாதர் தர்மலிங்கம்; 5 February 1918 – 2 September 1985) was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.
V. Dharmalingam | |
|---|---|
வி. தர்மலிங்கம் විශ්වනාදර් ධර්මලිංගම් | |
 | |
| Member of the Ceylonese Parliament for Uduvil / Manipay | |
| In office 1960–1983 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 5 February 1918 |
| Died | 2 September 1985 (aged 67) Thavady, Sri Lanka |
| Political party | Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi |
| Other political affiliations | Tamil United Liberation Front |
| Children | D. Siddhartan |
| Ethnicity | Sri Lankan Tamil |
Early life and family
editDharmalingam was born on 5 February 1918.[1][2] He was educated at Skandavarodaya College, Chunnakam, and St Patrick's College, Jaffna.[2] He later entered Ceylon Law College but gave up his legal studies to enter politics.[2]
Dharmalingam's son Siddhartan is the leader of the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (POLTE), pro-government paramilitary group and political party.[2][3]
Career
editDharmalingam was elected to Uduvil Village Council in 1944, later becoming its chairman.[2][3] Although a leftist he joined the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party).[2][3] He stood as the ITAK candidate in Uduvil at the March 1960 parliamentary election. He won the election and entered Parliament.[4] He was re-elected at the July 1960, March 1965 and May 1970 parliamentary elections.[5][6][7]
Dharmalingam played a leading role in the 1961 satyagraha campaign organised by ITAK.[8] Early on the morning of 20 February 1961 a group of 55 to 75 persons staged a satyagraha at the Jaffna Kachcheri in Old Park.[8][9] Among them were ITAK MPs A. Amirthalingam, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, Dharmalingam, V. A. Kandiah, E. M. V. Naganathan, V. N. Navaratnam and K. Thurairatnam.[8][9] A large group of policemen arrived in riot gear, wearing helmets and carrying batons and shields.[8][9] The police started removing the protesters by lifting and carrying them away.[8][9] Those who resisted were dragged away.[8][9] Later, as Government Agent M. Srikantha and Superintendent of Police Richard Arndt tried to leave Old Park in a jeep the protesters blocked their way.[8][9] The police reacted with brutality, beating he protesters with batons and pulled them out bodily.[9] Palaniyappan, a young man who had thrown himself in front of the jeep was pulled away by the police and beaten severely with batons.[8][9] Five ITAK MPs were amongst the protesters blocking the jeep. Kandiah was carried out and dumped on the ground, Dharmalingam and Thurairatnam were dragged out by their hands and legs whilst Amirthalingam and Naganathan were baton charged.[8][9] The police also baton charged a crowd of around 5,000 who had gathered to watch the satyagraha.[9]
On 14 May 1972 the ITAK, All Ceylon Tamil Congress, Ceylon Workers' Congress, Eelath Thamilar Otrumai Munnani and All Ceylon Tamil Conference formed the Tamil United Front, later renamed Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF).[10][11][12][13] Dharmalingam was the TULF's candidate in Manipay (the new name of the Uduvil electoral district) at the 1977 parliamentary election and was re-elected.[14] Dharmalingam and all other TULF MPs boycotted Parliament from the middle of 1983 for a number of reasons: they were under pressure from Sri Lankan Tamil militants not to stay in Parliament beyond their normal six-year term; the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state; and the Black July riots in which up to 3,000 Tamils were murdered by Sinhalese mobs. After three months of absence, Dharmalingam forfeited his seat in Parliament on 8 October 1983.[15]
Assassination
editOn the night of 2/3 September 1985 two men went to the house of M. Alalasundaram, former MP for Kopay, at Kalliyankadu, Nallur and kidnapped him at gun point.[3] They took Alalasundaram in a car and drove to Uduvil where Dharmalingam was attending a wedding. The men then kidnapped Dharmalingam as well.[3] The next day Alalasundaram's body was found in a scrub jungle near his home at Kalliyankadu with bullet wounds in the chest and arm.[3][16] Dharmalingam's body was found at a cemetery in Thavady, Manipay, with a bullet wound in the forehead.[3][16]
No one claimed responsibility for the assassinations.[16] Dharmalingam's son Siddhartan, who is a member of the PLOTE militant group, blamed one of the members of Eelam National Liberation Front for the assassinations (PLOTE wasn't a member of ENLF).[3] It is widely believed that the murders were carried out by Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), an Indian backed militant group, on the orders of the Research and Analysis Wing, the Indian intelligence agency.[2][3][17][18] Alalasundaram was close to the TELO and a relative of its leader Sri Sabaratnam.[19] It is believed that TELO chose to murder Alalasundaram at the same time as Dharmalingam so as to avoid suspicion.[19] According to Siddhartan and K. T. Rajasingham the TELO assassins had been led by Bobby but others claim that it was Das.[20][21]
However, the Sri Lankan government and the military have repeatedly blamed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the assassinations.[22][23][24]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Directory of Past Members: Dharmalingam, Viswanathar". Parliament of Sri Lanka.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sri Kantha, Sachi (24 October 2010). "Remembering Visvanather Dharmalingam". Illankai Tamil Sangam.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 33: India shows its hand". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Archived from the original on 7 April 2002.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1960-03-19" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1960-07-20" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1965" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1970" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Sri Kantha, Sachi (20 February 2011). "Satyagraha of February 1961 in Eelam". Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (6 March 2011). "Satyagraha receives "Baptism of fire" on first day". dbsjeyaraj.com.
- ^ Ross, Russell R.; Savada, Andrea Matles, eds. (1990). Sri Lanka : A Country Study (PDF). Library of Congress. p. 51.
- ^ Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad (1994). Ethnic Unrest in Modern Sri Lanka: An Account of Tamil-Sinhalese Race Relations. M. D. Publications. p. 33. ISBN 81-85880-52-2.
- ^ Amarasinghe, Samanga (2011). Independence to Referendum. Lulu Enterprises. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-105-01908-1.
- ^ Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 23: Srimavo's constitutional promiscuity". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ Wickramasinghe, Wimal (18 January 2008). "Saga of crossovers, expulsions and resignations etc. Referendum for extention [sic] of Parliament". The Island (Sri Lanka).[dead link]
- ^ a b c "Two TULF former MPs killed - thousands protest" (PDF). Tamil Times. IV (11): 6. September 1985. ISSN 0266-4488.
- ^ Ferdinando, Shamindra (21 January 2008). "Political killings: from S.W.R.D to DM". The Island (Sri Lanka).
- ^ Sri Kantha, Sachi (29 November 2010). "More on Visvanather Dharmalingam, Amirthalingam and RAW's Invisible Hand". Illankai Tamil Sangam.
- ^ a b Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (16 March 2008). "Assassinating Tamil Parliamentarians: The unceasing waves". The Nation (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 20 February 2014.
- ^ Ferdinando, Shamindra (12 June 2013). "War on terror revisited - Part 144: High profile killings after Thimpu fiasco". The Island (Sri Lanka).
- ^ "Bobby recruiting Tamil youths in Tamil Nadu for a para-milit". Asian Tribune. 2 September 2005.
- ^ "Atrocities by LTTE terrorists" (PDF). Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka). 31 August 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ "The trail of terror". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka). 24 May 2009.
- ^ "Tamil Politicians - Priests - Public Officials and Academics killed by the LTTE". Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka). 11 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.