The Vĩnh Điện River (Vietnamese: sông Vĩnh Điện), Cái River (Vietnamese: sông Cái), or Đò Toản River (Vietnamese: Bến Đò Toản) is a river of Quảng Nam province and Da Nang, Vietnam. It connects the Thu Bồn with the delta of the Vu Gia (specifically the Cẩm Lệ branch of it).
| Vĩnh Điện, Cái, Bến Đò Toản Tứ Câu, Cổ Mân, Mân Quang, Đò Toản, Đô Tỏa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Province, centrally-controlled city | Quảng Nam, Da Nang |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Distributary of Thu Bồn |
| • location | Điện Phong (Điện Bàn) |
| • coordinates | 15°51′55″N 108°14′03″E / 15.86528°N 108.23417°E |
| Mouth | Confluence with Cẩm Lệ to form Hàn |
• location | boundary between Cẩm Lệ, Ngũ Hành Sơn, and Hải Châu |
• coordinates | 16°01′45″N 108°13′52″E / 16.02917°N 108.23111°E |
| Basin features | |
| Bridges | Vĩnh Điện Bridge, Quảng Hậu Bridge, Phong Hồ Bridge, New Vĩnh Điện Bridge, Tứ Câu Bridge, Hòa Phước Bridge, Khuê Đông Bridge, Trung Lương Bridge |
The river has a regular flow, an average depth of 1.5 m, and a width from 80 to 150 m, allowing its use for shipping. Traffic on the river has known ups and downs, but is currently around a million tonnes per year. The river is specially important for the transport of coal from Nông Sơn and sand from the Thu Bồn river to Da Nang.[1]
History
editThe river is actually a canal that was dug in the 1820s on the order of emperor Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn dynasty. A first canal was dug in 1822, but this was too narrow, and a wider canal was dug in 1826.[2] To celebrate the achievement, the name of the river was included on the Dụ Đỉnh, one of the nine tripod cauldrons in the imperial palace of Huế.[3]
For a while, the Vĩnh Điện became the major waterway connecting the port of Da Nang with the Thu Bồn and Hội An. Previously, the Cổ Cò River had played this role, but it was becoming silted.[4] At its height in the 1840s, the Vĩnh Điện was used to transport sugar and cinnamon for international export.[1]
Under emperor Tự Đức, the importance of the Vĩnh Điện for shipping was waning. In the 1870s, it was found that the Vĩnh Điện was taking water away from other waterways. This caused silting in these other waterways and lack of water for irrigation in many localities. To remedy this, the Ái Nghĩa canal was constructed (now considered part of the Vu Gia).[5]
Names
editThe official name of the river is Vĩnh Điện when flowing through Quảng Nam province.[6] When it enters the territory of Da Nang city, the official name is first Cái, and then Bến Đò Toản (lit. 'Toản Ferry Station').[7] This latter name is after a now-abandoned river ferry station in Trung Lương hamlet (Hòa Xuân ward, Cẩm Lệ district, Da Nang) – close to where Trung Lương Bridge is now.[8]
It has many other names, as it is often given the name of whatever locality it flows through. As such, it is called Tứ Câu after flowing under Tứ Câu bridge, Cổ Mân when flowing through Cổ Mân village (Hòa Xuân ward, Cẩm Lệ district, Da Nang), and Mân Quang when flowing through Mân Quang village (Hòa Quý ward, Ngũ Hành Sơn district, Da Nang).[8]
The final stretch is sometimes called Đô Tỏa, but this seems to be a copying error due to Google Maps.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Trương Điện Thắng (2017). "Dòng sông 200 năm tuổi". Người Lao động (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-12-19.
- ^ Tiểu Yến (2024). "A river that keeps moving". Báo Đà Nẵng. Translated by Hong Van. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
- ^ Hoàng Nguyệt (2020). "Sông Vĩnh Điện, Quảng Nam qua Châu bản triều Nguyễn" (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-12-18.
- ^ Hồ Tịnh (2024). "Vĩnh Điện - dòng sông đào tự bao giờ". Báo Đà Nẵng (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-12-18.
- ^ Vân Trình (2018). "Chuyện về đào sông Ái Nghĩa xưa". Báo Quảng Nam (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-12-18.
- ^ "Circular 29/2015/TT-BTNMT of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the list of residential, mountain, hydrological, economic, and social place names for the creation of a map of the Quảng Nam province mainland". Thuvienphapluat (in Vietnamese). 2017. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
- ^ "Circular 31/2015/TT-BTNMT of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the list of residential, mountain, hydrological, economic, and social place names for the creation of a map of the Da Nang city mainland". Thuvienphapluat (in Vietnamese). 2015. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
- ^ a b c ĐNCT (2019). "Sông Đô Tỏa là sông nào?". Báo Đà Nẵng (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-12-17.