Wikipedia

User:WeijiBaikeBianji/LanguageLinguisticsCitations

< User:WeijiBaikeBianji


International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE - Esperanto. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.

E. K. Brown; R. E. Asher; J. M. Y. Simpson (2006). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-044299-0.

Ryan, Camille (August 2013). "Language Use in the United States: 2011" (PDF). American Community Survey Reports. p. 1. Retrieved 16 December 2014. English is the language spoken by most people in the United States. The official language of many states is English and it is the language used in nearly all governmental functions. Despite this predominance, many people in the United States speak languages other than English ...

Office for National Statistics (4 March 2013). "Language in England and Wales, 2011". 2011 Census Analysis. Key Points. Retrieved 16 December 2014. Over 9 in 10 people in England and Wales reported English (English or Welsh in Wales) as their main language in March 2011. ... Despite almost 1 in 10 having another main language other than English or Welsh, a much smaller percentage of the total population said they could either not speak English well or not at all.

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (28 June 2013). "Census 2011: Detailed Characteristics for Northern Ireland on Ethnicity, Country of Birth and Language" (PDF). Statistics Bulletin. p. 43. Retrieved 16 December 2014. 3.1 Main language and Proficiency in English Based on a new question for 2011, English was not the main language for 3.1 per cent (54,500) of Northern Ireland residents aged 3 years and over.

Department of Finance and Personnel: Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (11 December 2012). "Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland December 2012" (PDF). Statistics Bulletin. Table KS207NI: Main Language. Retrieved 16 December 2014. Percentage of all usual residents aged 3 and over whose main language is: English 96.86

Statistics South Africa. Census 2011: Census in Brief (PDF). Table 2.5 Population by first language spoken and province (number). ISBN 978-0-621-41388-5. Retrieved 16 December 2014. {{cite book}}: |periodical= ignored (help)

Young, Libby (May 2014). "South Africa's languages". Retrieved 16 December 2014. South Africa is a multilingual country. Its democratic Constitution, which came into effect on 4 February 1997, recognises 11 official languages, to which the state guarantees equal status. ... Most South Africans are multilingual, able to speak more than one language. ... Most South Africans speak English, which is fairly ubiquitous in official and commercial public life.

Read more: http://www.mediaclub.co.za/landstatic/80-languages#ixzz3M4oRkube

Huddleston, Rodney. "A SHORT OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SYNTAX Based on The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language". University of Edinburgh: Linguistics and English Language. Retrieved 18 December 2014.




  • Baugh, Alfred C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language, 4 ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1993
  • Cable, Thomas. A Companion to Baugh & Cable's History of the English Language. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1983
  • Cercignani, Fausto. Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunciation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
  • Dillon, George L., "American English vowels", Studying Phonetics on the Net
  • Dobson, E. J. English Pronunciation 1500-1700, 2 ed. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. (See vol. 2, 594-713 for discussion of long stressed vowels)
  • Freeborn, Dennis. From Old English to Standard English: A Course Book in Language Variation Across Time. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa Press, 1992
  • Görlach, Manfred. Introduction to Early Modern English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991
  • Kökeritz, Helge. Shakespeare's Pronunciation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953
  • Millward, Celia. A Biography of the English Language, 2 ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1996
  • Pyles, Thomas, and John Algeo. The Origins and Development of the English Language, 4 ed. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace & Co, 1993
  • Rogers, William 'Bill', A Simplified History of the Phonemes of English, Furman





  • Bliss, Charles Keisel. Semantography (Blissymbolics). Semantography Press: Sydney, 1965.
  • Bodmer, Frederick, and Lancelot Hogben. The Loom of Language. N.Y.: Norton, 1944.
  • Couturat, L., Jespersen, O., Lorenz, R., Ostwalkd, W., and Pfaundler, L. International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science. Constable and Company Limited, London, 1910.
  • De Wahl, Edgar. Radicarium directiv del lingue international (Occidental) in 8 lingues. A.-S. "Ühisell" Trükk. Pikk Uul. 42, Tallinn, 1925.
  • Drezen, Ernst: Historio de la Mondlingvo ("History of the World Language"). Oosaka: Pirato, 1969 (3d ed.).
  • Eco, Umberto, [tra. James Fentress], The Search for the Perfect Language. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
  • Gär, Joseph. Deutsch-Occidental Wörterbuch nach dem Kürschners "Sechs-Sprachen-Lexicon", mit kurzer Occidental-Grammatik. Kosmoglott, Reval, Estland, 1925/1928.
  • Gode, Alexander, et al. Interlingua-English: a dictionary of the international language. Storm Publishers, New York, 1951.
  • Jesperson, Otto. An International Language. (1928)
  • Mainzer, Ludwig, Karlsruhe. Linguo international di la Delegitaro (Sistemo Ido), Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Internationalen Sprache (Reform-Esperanto). Otto Nemmich Verlag, Leipzig (Germany), 1909.
  • Meyjes, Gregory P. P. 2006. "Language and world order in Bahá'í perspective: a new paradigm revealed." In T. Omoniyi & J. A. Fishman (Eds.) Explorations in the Sociology of Language and Religion, 26 – 41, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Nerrière, Jean-Paul, and Hon, David Globish The World Over. Paris, IGI, 2009
  • Pei, Mario. One Language for the World. N.Y.: Devin-Adair, 1958.
  • Pham Xuan Thai. Frater (Lingua sistemfrater). The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. TU-HAI Publishing-House, Saigon (Republic of Vietnam), 1957.
  • Pigal, E. and the Hauptstelle der Occidental-Union in Mauern bei Wien. Occidental, Die Weltsprache, Einführung samt Lehrkursus, Lesestücken, Häufigkeitswörterverzeichnis u. a., Franckh. Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 1930.
  • Pirro, Jean. Versuch einer Universalischen Sprache. Guerin und Cie., Bar-Le-Duc (France), 1868.
  • Rubino, F., Hayhurst, A., and Guejlman, J. Gestuno: International sign language of the deaf. Carlisle: British Deaf Association, 1975.
  • Sudre, François. Langue musicale universelle inventée par François Sudre également inventeur de la téléphonie. G. Flaxland, Editeur, 4, place de la Madeleine, Paris (France), 1866.


  • Acar, A. (2006). "Models, Norms and Goals for English as an International Language Pedagogy and Task Based Language Teaching and Learning." The Asian EFL Journal Vol. 8 2006
  • Bisong, Joseph (1995 [1994]) Language Choice and cultural Imperialism: a Nigerian Perspective. ELT Journal 49/2 122-132.
  • Bobda, Augustin Simo (1997) Sociocultural Constraints in EFL Teaching in Cameroon. In: Pütz, Martin (ed.) The cultural Context in Foreign Language Teaching. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang. 221-240.
  • Brutt-Griffler, Janina (2002) World English. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 1-85359-577-2
  • Canagarajah, A. Suresh (1999), Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-442154-6
  • Canagarajah, A. Suresh, Thomas Ricento & Terrence G. Wiley [eds.] (2002) Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. Special issue. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-9629-5
  • Canagarajah, A. Suresh [ed.] (2004) Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-4593-3
  • Crystal, David (2003), English as a Global Language, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53032-6
  • Davies, Alan (1996) Review Article: ironising the Myth of Linguicism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 17/6: 485-596.
  • Davies, Alan (1997) Response to a Reply. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18/3 248.
  • Edge, Julian [ed.] (2006) (Re-)Locating TESOL in an Age of Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-8530-8
  • Holborow, Marnie (1999) Politics of English. Sage Publications. ISBN 0-7619-6018-X
  • Holborrow, Marnie (1993) Review Article: linguistic Imperialism. ELT Journal 47/4 358-360.
  • Holliday, Adrian (2005), Struggle to Teach English as an International Language , Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-442184-8
  • Kontra, Miklos, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas & Tibor Varady [eds.] (1999), Language: A Right and a Resource, Central European University Press. ISBN 963-9116-64-5
  • Kramsch, Klaire and Patricia Sullivan (1996) Appropriate Pedagogy. ELT Journal 50/3 199-212.
  • Malik, S.A. Primary Stage English (1993). Lahore: Tario Brothers.
  • Pennycook, Alastair (1995), The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language, Longman. ISBN 0-582-23473-5
  • Pennycook, Alastair (1998), English and the Discourses of Colonialism, Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17848-7
  • Pennycook, Alastair (2001), Critical Applied Linguistics, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3792-2
  • Pennycook, Alastair (2006) Global Englishes and Transcultural Flows. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-37497-9
  • Phillipson, Robert (1992), Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-437146-8
  • Phillipson, Robert [ed.] (2000), Rights to Language, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3835-X
  • Phillipson, Robert (2003) English-Only Europe? Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28807-X
  • Punjab Text Book Board (1997) My English Book Step IV. Lahore: Metro Printers.
  • Rajagopalan, Kanavilli (1999) Of EFL Teachers, Conscience and Cowardice. ELT Journal 53/3 200-206.
  • Ramanathan, Vaidehi (2005) The English-Vernacular Divide. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 1-85359-769-4
  • Rahman, Tariq (1996) Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford University Press
  • Ricento, Thomas [ed.] (2000) Ideology, Politics, and Language Policies. John Benjamins. ISBN 1-55619-670-9
  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Robert Phillipson [eds.]; Mart Rannut (1995), Linguistic Human Rights, Mouton De Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-014878-1
  • Sonntag, Selma K. (2003) The Local Politics of Global English. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0598-1
  • Spichtinger, Daniel (2000) The Spread of English and its Appropriation. University of Vienna, Vienna.
  • Tsui, Amy B.M. & James W. Tollefson (in press) Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-5694-3
  • Widdowson, H.G. (1998a) EIL: squaring the Circles. A Reply. World Englishes 17/3 397-401.
  • Widdowson, H.G. (1998b) The Theory and Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis. Applied Linguistics 19/1 136-151.


Agha, Agha (2006). Language and Social Relations. Cambridge University Press.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra (2001). "Introduction". In Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald; R. M. W. Dixon (eds.). Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems in comparative linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–26.
Aitchison, Jean (2001). Language Change: Progress or Decay? (3rd (1st edition 1981) ed.). Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Allerton, D. J. (1989). "Language as Form and Pattern: Grammar and its Categories". In Collinge, N.E. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Language. London:NewYork: Routledge.
Anderson, Stephen (2012). Languages: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959059-9.
Aronoff, Mark; Fudeman, Kirsten (2011). What is Morphology. John Wiley & Sons.
Austin, Peter K; Sallabank, Julia (2011). "Introduction". In Austin, Peter K; Sallabank, Julia (eds.). Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88215-6.
Baker, Mark C. (2001). "Syntax". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 265–295.
Bauer, Laurie (2003). Introducing linguistic morphology (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-343-4.
Bett, R. (2010). "Plato and his Predecessors". In Alex Barber & Robert J Stainton (eds.) (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 569–570. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
Bloomfield, Leonard (1914). An introduction to the study of language. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah, eds. (2008). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7.
Clackson, James (2007). Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge University press.
Campbell, Lyle (2002). "Areal linguistics". In Bernard Comrie, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Balte (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon. pp. 729–733.
Campbell, Lyle (2004). Historical Linguistics: an Introduction (2nd ed.). Edinburgh and Cambridge, MA: Edinburgh University Press and MIT Press.
Campbell, Lyle (2001). "The History of Linguistics". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 81–105.
Candland, Douglas Keith (1993). Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature. Oxford University Press US. pp. 293–301. ISBN 0-19-510284-3.
Chomsky, Noam (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
Chomsky, Noam (2000). The Architecture of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clarke, David S. (1990). Sources of semiotic: readings with commentary from antiquity to the present. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Comrie, Bernard (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-226-11433-3.
Comrie, Bernard, ed. (2009). The World's Major Languages. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35339-7.
Coulmas, Florian (2002). Writing Systems: An Introduction to Their Linguistic Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Croft, William; Cruse, D. Alan (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Croft, William (2001). "Typology". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 81–105.
Crystal, David (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deacon, Terrence (1997). The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31754-1.
Devitt, Michael; Sterelny, Kim (1999). Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language. Boston: MIT Press.
Dixon, Robert M. W. (1972). The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-08510-1.
Duranti, Alessandro (2003). "Language as Culture in U.S. Anthropology: Three Paradigms". Current Anthropology. 44 (3): 323–348. doi:10.1086/368118.
Evans, Nicholas; Levinson, Stephen C. (2009). "The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 32 (5): 429–492. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999094X. PMID 19857320.
Fisher, Simon E.; Lai, Cecilia S.L.; Monaco, Anthony P. (2003). "Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Speech and Language Disorders". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 26: 57–80. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131144. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CB7E-4. PMID 12524432.
Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2010). The Evolution of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Foley, William A. (1997). Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction. Blackwell.
Goldsmith, John A (1995). "Phonological Theory". In John A. Goldsmith (ed.). The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics. Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 1-4051-5768-2.
Greenberg, Joseph (1966). Language Universals: With Special Reference to Feature Hierarchies. The Hague: Mouton & Co.
Haspelmath, Martin (2002). Understanding morphology. London: Arnold, Oxford University Press. (pbk)
Haugen, Einar (1973). "The Curse of Babel". Daedalus. 102 (3, Language as a Human Problem): 47–57.
Hauser, Marc D.; Chomsky, Noam; Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2002). "The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?". Science 22. 298 (5598): 1569–1579. doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569. PMID 12446899.
Hauser, Marc D.; Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2003). "What are the uniquely human components of the language faculty?". In M.H. Christiansen and S. Kirby (ed.). Language Evolution: The States of the Art (PDF). Oxford University Press.
Hockett, Charles F. (1960). "Logical considerations in the study of animal communication". In W.E. Lanyon; W.N. Tavolga (eds.). Animals sounds and animal communication. pp. 392–430.
International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65236-7.
Katzner, Kenneth (1999). The Languages of the World. New York: Routledge.
Kennison, Shelia (2013). Introduction to Language Development. SAGE.
Labov, William (1994). Principles of Linguistic Change vol.I Internal Factors. Blackwell.
Labov, William (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change vol.II Social Factors. Blackwell.
Ladefoged, Peter (1992). "Another view of endangered languages". Language. 68 (4): 809–811. doi:10.1353/lan.1992.0013.
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 329–330. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
Lesser, Ruth (1989). "Language in the Brain: Neurolinguistics". In Collinge, N.E. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Language. London:NewYork: Routledge.
Levinson, Stephen C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) (2009). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition". Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
Lyons, John (1981). Language and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29775-3.
MacMahon, April M.S. (1994). Understanding Language Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44119-6.
MacMahon, M.K.C. (1989). "Language as available sound:Phonetics". In Collinge, N.E. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Language. London:NewYork: Routledge.
Matras, Yaron; Bakker, Peter, eds. (2003). The Mixed Language Debate: Theoretical and Empirical Advances. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-017776-5.
Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, 3rd edition. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
Nerlich, B. (2010). "History of pragmatics". In L. Cummings (ed.). The Pragmatics Encyclopedia. London/New York: Routledge. pp. 192–93.
Newmeyer, Frederick J. (2005). The History of Linguistics. Linguistic Society of America. ISBN 0-415-11553-1.
Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1998). Language Form and Language Function (PDF). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nichols, Johanna (1992). Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-58057-1.
Nichols, Johanna (1984). "Functional Theories of Grammar". Annual Review of Anthropology. 13: 97–117. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.13.100184.000525.
Olson, David R. (1996). "Language and Literacy: what writing does to Language and Mind". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 16: 3–13. doi:10.1017/S0267190500001392.
Payne, Thomas Edward (1997). Describing morphosyntax: a guide for field linguists. Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–241. ISBN 978-0-521-58805-8.
Pinker, Steven (1994). The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. Perennial.
Romaine, Suzanne (2001). "Multilingualism". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 512–533.
Saussure, Ferdinand de (1983) [1913]. Bally, Charles; Sechehaye, Albert (eds.). Course in General Linguistics. Translated by Roy Harris. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. ISBN 0-8126-9023-0.
Sandler, Wendy; Lillo-Martin, Diane (2001). "Natural Sign Languages". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 533–563.
Senft, Gunter, ed. (2008). Systems of Nominal Classification. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-06523-8.
Swadesh, Morris (1934). "The phonemic principle". Language. 10 (2): 117–129. doi:10.2307/409603. JSTOR 409603.
Tomasello, Michael (1996). "The Cultural Roots of Language". In B. Velichkovsky and D. Rumbaugh (ed.). Communicating Meaning: The Evolution and Development of Language. Psychology Press. pp. 275–308. ISBN 978-0-8058-2118-5.
Tomasello, Michael (2008). Origin of Human Communication. MIT Press.
Thomason, Sarah G.; Kaufman, Terrence (1988). Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics. University of California Press.
Thomason, Sarah G. (2001). Language Contact – An Introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
Trask, Robert Lawrence (1999). Language: The Basics (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
Trask, Robert Lawrence (2007). Stockwell, Peter (ed.). Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Ulbaek, Ib (1998). "The Origin of Language and Cognition". In J. R. Hurford & C. Knight (ed.). Approaches to the evolution of language. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–43.
Van Valin, jr, Robert D. (2001). "Functional Linguistics". In Mark Aronoff; Janie Rees-Miller (eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell. pp. 319–337.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Zentella, Ana Celia (2002). "Spanish in New York". In García, Ofelia; Fishman, Joshua (eds.). The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York City. Walter de Gruyter.


  • One Language or Two?: Answers to Questions about Bilingualism in Language-Delayed and Typically Developing Children
  • Akinci, M.-A. (n.d.). Pratiques langagières et représentations subjectives de la vitalité ethnolinguistique des immigrés turcs en France. (retrieved from the Internet 2004/11/08).
  • Ammerlaan, T. (1996). “You get a bit wobbly...” – Exploring bilingual lexical retrieval processes in the context of first language attrition. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
  • Ben-Rafael, M. & Schmid, M. S. (2007). "Language Attrition and Ideology: two groups of immigrants in Israel". In: Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., editors, Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 205-26.
  • Bylund, E. (2008). Age Differences in First Language. Stockholm University PhD dissertation.
  • Bylund, E. (2009). "Maturational constraints and first language attrition". In: Language Learning; 59(3): 687-715.
  • Cook, V. (2005). “The changing L1 in the L2 user’s mind”. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on First Language Attrition, Amsterdam, 18 August 2005.
  • Cook, V. (2003). "The changing L1 in the L2 user’s mind". In: Vivian Cook (ed.), Effects of the Second Language on the First (pp. 1–18). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • de Bot, K. & Clyne, M. (1994). “A 16-year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia”. In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development; 15 (1), 17-28.
  • de Bot, K., Gommans, P. & Rossing, C. (1991). “L1 loss in an L2 environment: Dutch immigrants in France”. In: Seliger, H. W. & Vago, R. M. (eds.), First Language Attrition. (pp. 87–98). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fujita, M. (2002). Second Language English Attrition of Japanese Bilingual Children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Temple University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Gardner, R. C., Lalonde, R. N, & Moorcroft, R. (1987). "Second Language Attrition: the role of motivation and use". Journal of Language and Social Psychology; Vol. 6, No. 1: 29-47.
  • Gleason, J. Berko (1982). "Insights from Child Language Acquisition for Second Language Loss". In: Lambert, R. D. & Freed, B. F. (eds.), The Loss of Language Skills. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
  • Hansen, L. (2001). "Japanese Attrition in Contexts of Japanese Bilingualism". In: Noguchi, M. G. & Fotos, S. (eds.), Studies in Japanese Bilingualism (Bilingual Education and Bilingualism; 22.) (p. 353 - p. 372). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. (electronic book: ISBN 1-85359-708-2)
  • Hansen, L. & Reetz-Kurashige, A. (1999). "Investigating Second Language Attrition: an introduction". In: Hansen, Lynne (ed.). "Second Language Attrition: evidence from Japanese contexts" (p. 6). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hayashi, Brenda (1999). "Testing the regression hypotheis: the remains of the Japanese negation system in Micronesia". In: Hansen, Lynne (ed.). Second Language Attrition: evidence from Japanese contexts (p. 154 - p. 168). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hulsen, M. (2000). Language Loss and Language Processing: three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
  • Hyltenstam, K. & Abrahamsson, N. (2003). "Maturational Constraints in SLA". In: Doughty, C. J. & Long, M. H. (eds.), The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Malden, MA: Blackwell ISBN 1-4051-3281-7.
  • Jaspaert, K., Kroon, S., van Hout, R. (1986). "Points of Reference in First-Language Loss Research". In: Weltens, B., de Bot, K. & van Els, T. (eds.) "Language Attrition in Progress: studies on language acquisition" (p. 37 - p. 49). Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
  • Keijzer, M. (2007) "Last in first out? An investigation of the regression hypothesis in Dutch emigrants in Anglophone Canada". Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PhD dissertation.
  • Köpke, B. 1999. L’attrition de la première langue chez le bilingue tardif: implications pour l’étude psycholinguistique du bilinguisme. Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail PhD dissertation. (in French)
  • Köpke, B. 2007. "Language attrition at the crossroads of brain, mind and society". In: Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., & Dostert, S., (eds.), Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 9-37.
  • Köpke, B. & Schmid, M. S. (2004). "Language attrition: the next phase". In: Schmid, M. S., et al. (eds.), pp. 1–43. Downloadable manuscript version
  • Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M. & Dostert, S. (eds.). 2007. Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Lambert, R. D. & Freed, B. F. (eds). (1982). The Loss of Language Skills. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
  • Lambert, R. D. & Moore, S. J. (1986). "Problem Areas in the Study of Language Attrition". In: Weltens, B., de Bot, K. & van Els, T. (eds.), Language Attrition in Progress, Studies on Language Acquisition (p. 177 - p. 186). Dordrecht, NL: Foris Publications.
  • Montrul, S. 2004. "Convergent outcomes in L2 acquisition and L1 loss". In: Schmid, M. S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. & Weilemar, L. (eds.), First Language Attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues (pp. 259-279). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Montrul, S. 2008. Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Montrul, S. 2009. "Re-examining the fundamental difference hypothesis". In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition; vol. 31: 225-257.
  • Murtagh, Lelia (2003). Retention and Attrition of Irish as a Second Language: a longitudinal study of general and communicative proficiency in Irish among second level school leavers and the influence of instructional background, language use and attitude/motivation variables. Proefschrift (ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Letteren), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. (retrieved November 24, 2004)
  • Obler, L. K. (1993). "Neurolinguistic aspects of second language development and attrition". In: Hyltenstam, K. & Viberg, A. (eds.), Progression & Regression in Language: sociocultural, neuropsychological, & linguistic perspectives (pp. 178 - 195). Stockholm: Centre for Research on Bilingualism; Cambridge University Press.
  • Olshtain, E. & Barzilay, M. (1991). "Lexical retrieval difficulties in adult language attrition". In: Seliger, H. W. & Vago, R. M. (eds.), First Language Attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pallier, C. (2007). "Critical periods in language acquisition and language attrition". In: Köpke et al. (eds.) Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 155-168.
  • Paradis, M. (2007). "L1 attrition features predicted by a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism". In: Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., (eds.), Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 121-33.
  • Pavlenko, A. (2003). “«I feel clumsy speaking Russian»: L2 influence on L1 in narratives of Russian L2 users of English". In: Cook, V. (ed.), Effects of the Second Language on the First (pp. 32–61). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Pavlenko, A. (2004). "L2 influence and L1 attrition in adult bilingualism". In: Schmid, M. S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. & Weilemar, L. (eds), First Language Attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues (pp. 47–59). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Pelc, L. (2001). L1 Lexical, Morphological and Morphosyntactic Attrition in Greek-English Bilinguals. CUNY PhD dissertation.
  • Russell, Robert (1999). "Lexical maintenance and attrition in Japanese as a second language". In: Hansen, Lynne (ed.).Second Language Attrition: evidence from Japanese contexts (p. 114 - p. 141). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Schmid, M. S. (2002). First Language Attrition, Use, and Maintenance: the case of German Jews in Anglophone countries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Schmid, M. S. (2007). "The role of L1 use for L1 attrition". In: Köpke et al. (eds), Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins; 135-153. Downloadable manuscript version
  • Schmid, M. S. (2009). "On L1 attrition and the linguistic system". In: EUROSLA Yearbook 9, 212-244. Downloadable manuscript version
  • Schmid, M. S. (2011). Language Attrition. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmid, M. S. (2012). The impact of age and exposure on forgetting and retention of the birth language in international adoptees: a perspective from Holocaust survivors. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, Vol. 2(2), 177-208.
  • Schmid, M. S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. & Weilemar, L. (2004). First Language Attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Schmid, M. S. & Köpke, B. (2007). "Bilingualism and attrition". In: Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., (eds.), Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1-7. Downloadable manuscript version
  • Schmid, M. S. & Köpke, B. (2008). "L1 attrition and the mental lexicon". In: Pavlenko, A. (ed.) The Bilingual Mental Lexicon: interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 209–238). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Downloadable manuscript version
  • Schmid, M. S. & Dusseldorp, E. (2010). "Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition". In: Second Language Research; 26(1). Downloadable manuscript version
  • Seliger, H. W. & Vago, R. M. (1991). “The Study of First Language Attrition: an overview”. In: First Language Attrition, Seliger, H. W. & Vago, R. M. (eds.), pp. 3-15. Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, M. Sharwood (1983). “On explaining language loss”. In: Felix, S. & Wode, H. (eds.), Language Development on the Crossroads, pp. 49-69. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
  • Sorace, A. 2005. “Selective optionality in language development”. In: Cornips, L. & Corrigan, K. P., (eds.), Syntax and Variation: reconciling the biological and the social, pp. 55-80 Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Tsimpli, I. (2007). “First language attrition from a minimalist perspective: interface vulnerability and processing effects”. In: Köpke et al. (eds.), Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins; pp. 83-98.
  • Tsimpli, I., Sorace, A., Heycock, C. & Filiaci, F. (2004). “First language attrition and syntactic subjects: a study of Greek and Italian near-native speakers of English”. In: International Journal of Bilingualism; 8(3): 257-277.
  • Yamamoto, M. (2001). Language Use in Interlingual Families: a Japanese-English sociolinguistic study. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Yoshitomi, A. (1992). "Towards a Model of Language Attrition: neurological and psychological contributions". In: Issues in Applied Linguistics; Vol 3, No 2: 293-318.
  • Yukawa, E. (1998). L1 Japanese Attrition and Regaining: three case studies of two early bilingual children. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers.




Sources

edit
  • Whitelock, Dorothy (ed.) (1955) English Historical Documents; vol. I: c. 500–1042. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode

General

edit
  • Baker, Peter S. (2003). Introduction to Old English. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23454-3.
  • Baugh, Albert C; & Cable, Thomas. (1993). A History of the English Language (4th ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Campbell, A. (1959). Old English Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Earle, John (2005). A Book for the Beginner in Anglo-Saxon. Bristol, PA: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-69-8. (Reissue of one of 4 eds. 1877–1902)
  • Euler, Wolfram (2013). Das Westgermanische [rest of title missing] (West Germanic: from its Emergence in the 3rd up until its Dissolution in the 7th Century CE: Analyses and Reconstruction). 244 p., in German with English summary, London/Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9812110-7-8.
  • Hogg, Richard M. (ed.). (1992). The Cambridge History of the English Language: (Vol 1): the Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hogg, Richard; & Denison, David (eds.) (2006) A History of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jespersen, Otto (1909–1949) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. 7 vols. Heidelberg: C. Winter & Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard
  • Lass, Roger (1987) The Shape of English: structure and history. London: J. M. Dent & Sons
  • Lass, Roger (1994). Old English: A historical linguistic companion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43087-9.
  • Millward, Celia (1996). A Biography of the English Language. Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0-15-501645-8.
  • Mitchell, Bruce, and Robinson, Fred C. (2001). A Guide to Old English (6th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22636-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Quirk, Randolph; & Wrenn, C. L. (1957). An Old English Grammar (2nd ed.) London: Methuen.
  • Ringe, Donald R. and Taylor, Ann (2014). The Development of Old English - A Linguistic History of English, vol. II, 632p. ISBN 978-0199207848. Oxford.
  • Strang, Barbara M. H. (1970) A History of English. London: Methuen.

External history

edit
  • Robinson, Orrin W. (1992). Old English and Its Closest Relatives. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2221-8.
  • Bremmer Jr, Rolf H. (2009). An Introduction to Old Frisian. History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Orthography/Palaeography

edit
  • Bourcier, Georges. (1978). L'orthographie de l'anglais: Histoire et situation actuelle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Elliott, Ralph W. V. (1959). Runes: An introduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Keller, Wolfgang. (1906). Angelsächsische Paleographie, I: Einleitung. Berlin: Mayer & Müller.
  • Ker, N. R. (1957). A Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Ker, N. R. (1957: 1990). A Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon; with supplement prepared by Neil Ker originally published in Anglo-Saxon England; 5, 1957. Oxford: Clarendon Press ISBN 0-19-811251-3
  • Page, R. I. (1973). An Introduction to English Runes. London: Methuen.
  • Scragg, Donald G. (1974). A History of English Spelling. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Phonology

edit
  • Anderson, John M; & Jones, Charles. (1977). Phonological structure and the history of English. North-Holland linguistics series (No. 33). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Brunner, Karl. (1965). Altenglische Grammatik (nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers neubearbeitet) (3rd ed.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Campbell, A. (1959). Old English Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Cercignani, Fausto (1983). "The Development of */k/ and */sk/ in Old English". Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 82 (3): 313–323.
  • Girvan, Ritchie. (1931). Angelsaksisch Handboek; E. L. Deuschle (transl.). (Oudgermaansche Handboeken; No. 4). Haarlem: Tjeenk Willink.
  • Halle, Morris; & Keyser, Samuel J. (1971). English Stress: its form, its growth, and its role in verse. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Hockett, Charles F. (1959). "The stressed syllabics of Old English". Language. 35 (4): 575–597. doi:10.2307/410597. JSTOR 410597.
  • Hogg, Richard M. (1992). A Grammar of Old English, I: Phonology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Kuhn, Sherman M. (1961). "On the Syllabic Phonemes of Old English". Language. 37 (4): 522–538. doi:10.2307/411354. JSTOR 411354.
  • Kuhn, Sherman M. (1970). "On the consonantal phonemes of Old English". In: J. L. Rosier (ed.) Philological Essays: studies in Old and Middle English language and literature in honour of Herbert Dean Merritt (pp. 16–49). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Lass, Roger; & Anderson, John M. (1975). Old English Phonology. (Cambridge studies in linguistics; No. 14). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Luick, Karl. (1914–1940). Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Stuttgart: Bernhard Tauchnitz.
  • Maling, J. (1971). "Sentence stress in Old English". Linguistic Inquiry. 2 (3): 379–400. JSTOR 4177642.
  • McCully, C. B.; Hogg, Richard M. (1990). "An account of Old English stress". Journal of Linguistics. 26 (2): 315–339. doi:10.1017/S0022226700014699.
  • Moulton, W. G. (1972). "The Proto-Germanic non-syllabics (consonants)". In: F. van Coetsem & H. L. Kufner (Eds.), Toward a Grammar of Proto-Germanic (pp. 141–173). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Sievers, Eduard (1893). Altgermanische Metrik. Halle: Max Niemeyer.
  • Wagner, Karl Heinz (1969). Generative Grammatical Studies in the Old English language. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.

Morphology

edit
  • Brunner, Karl. (1965). Altenglische Grammatik (nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers neubearbeitet) (3rd ed.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Campbell, A. (1959). Old English grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Wagner, Karl Heinz. (1969). Generative grammatical studies in the Old English language. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.

Syntax

edit
  • Brunner, Karl. (1962). Die englische Sprache: ihre geschichtliche Entwicklung (Vol. II). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Kemenade, Ans van. (1982). Syntactic Case and Morphological Case in the History of English. Dordrecht: Foris.
  • MacLaughlin, John C. (1983). Old English Syntax: a handbook. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Mitchell, Bruce. (1985). Old English Syntax (Vols. 1–2). Oxford: Clarendon Press (no more published)
    • Vol.1: Concord, the parts of speech and the sentence
    • Vol.2: Subordination, independent elements, and element order
  • Mitchell, Bruce. (1990) A Critical Bibliography of Old English Syntax to the end of 1984, including addenda and corrigenda to "Old English Syntax" . Oxford: Blackwell
  • Timofeeva, Olga. (2010) Non-finite Constructions in Old English, with Special Reference to Syntactic Borrowing from Latin, PhD dissertation, Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, vol. LXXX, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
  • Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. (1972). A History of English Syntax: a transformational approach to the history of English sentence structure. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Visser, F. Th. (1963–1973). An Historical Syntax of the English Language (Vols. 1–3). Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Lexicons

edit
Bosworth-Toller
  • Bosworth, J; & Toller, T. Northcote. (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Based on Bosworth's 1838 dictionary, his papers & additions by Toller)
  • Toller, T. Northcote. (1921). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Campbell, A. (1972). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Enlarged addenda and corrigenda. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Clark Hall-Merritt
  • Clark Hall, J. R; & Merritt, H. D. (1969). A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Toronto
  • Cameron, Angus, et al. (ed.) (1983) Dictionary of Old English. Toronto: Published for the Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto by the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1983/1994. (Issued on microfiche and subsequently as a CD-ROM and on the World Wide Web.)



  • International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521637510
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003), The Phonetics of English and Dutch, Fifth Revised Edition (PDF), ISBN 9004103406
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger (2013) [2003], Practical phonetics and phonology: a resource book for students, Oxford: Routledge, ISBN 978-0415506496
  • Cruttenden, Alan, ed. (2008), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (7th ed.), Hodder
  • Crystal, David (2003), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (2 ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-53033-4
  • Crystal, David (2005), The Stories of English, Penguin
  • DuPonceau, Peter S. (1818), "English phonology; or, An essay towards an analysis and description of the component sounds of the English language.", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 1, pp. 259–264
  • Ellis, Alexander J. (1869), On early English pronunciation, New York, (1968): Greenwood Press{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  • Elmes, Simon (2005), Talking for Britain: A journey through the voices of our nation, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-051562-3
  • Fishman, Joshua (1977), ""Standard" versus "Dialect" in Bilingual Education: An Old Problem in a New Context", The Modern Language Journal, 61 (7): 315–325, doi:10.2307/324550, JSTOR 324550
  • Gimson, Alfred C. (1970), An Introduction to the pronunciation of English, London: Edward Arnold
  • Gimson, Alfred C. (1980), Pronunciation of English (3rd ed.)
  • Gupta, Anthea Fraser (2005), "Baths and becks" (PDF), English Today, 21 (1): 21–27, doi:10.1017/S0266078405001069, ISSN 0266-0784
  • Halle, Morris; Mohanan, K. P. (1985), "Segmental Phonology of Modern English", Linguistic Inquiry, 16 (1), The MIT Press: 57–116, JSTOR 4178420
  • Hudson, Richard (1981), "Some Issues on Which Linguists Can Agree", Journal of Linguistics, 17 (2): 333–343, doi:10.1017/S0022226700007052
  • Jenkins, Jennifer (2000), The Phonology of English as an International Language, Oxford
  • Jones, Daniel (1917), English Pronouncing Dictionary (1st ed.), London: Dent
  • Jones, Daniel (1926), English Pronouncing Dictionary (2nd ed.)
  • Jones, Daniel (1967), An Outline of English Phonetics (9th ed.), Heffer
  • Jones, Daniel (2011), Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18 ed.), Cambridge University Press
  • de Jong, Gea; McDougall, Kirsty; Hudson, Toby; Nolan, Francis (2007), "The speaker discriminating power of sounds undergoing historical change: A formant-based study", the Proceedings of ICPhS Saarbrücken, pp. 1813–1816
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2004), Vowels and Consonants, Thomson
  • Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum
  • McArthur, Tom (2002), The Oxford Guide to World English, Oxford University Press
  • McDavid, Raven I. (1965), "American Social Dialects", College English, 26 (4): 254–260, doi:10.2307/373636, JSTOR 373636
  • Mugglestone, Lynda (2003), 'Talking Proper': The Rise of Accent as Social Symbol (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press
  • Newbrook, Mark (1999), "West Wirral: norms, self-reports and usage", in Foulkes, Paul; Docherty, Gerald J. (eds.), Urban Voices, pp. 90–106
  • Pearsall, Judy, ed. (1999), The Concise Oxford English Dictionary (10th ed.)
  • Petyt, K. M. (1985), Dialect and Accent in Industrial West Yorkshire, John Benjamins Publishing
  • Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768
  • Roach, Peter (2009), English Phonetics and Phonology (4th ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-40718-2
  • Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
  • Rogaliński, Paweł (2011), British Accents: Cockney, RP, Estuary English, Łódź, ISBN 978-83-272-3282-3{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Schmitt, Holger (2007), "The case for the epsilon symbol (ɛ) in RP DRESS", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 321–328, doi:10.1017/S0025100307003131
  • Shockey, Linda (2003), Sound Patterns of Spoken English, Blackwell
  • Trudgill, Peter (1999), The Dialects of England, Blackwell
  • Upton, Clive (2004), "Received Pronunciation", A Handbook of Varieties of English, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 217–230
  • Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A.; Konopka, Rafal (2001), Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Wells, John C. (1970), "Local accents in England and Wales", Journal of Linguistics, 6 (2): 231–252, doi:10.1017/S0022226700002632
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English I: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29719-2
  • Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
  • Wiik, K. (1965), Finnish and English Vowels, B, vol. 94, Annales Universitatis Turkensis
  • Wikström, Jussi (2013), "An acoustic study of the RP English LOT and THOUGHT vowels", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 37–47, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000345
  • Wise, Claude Merton (1957), Introduction to phonetics, Englewood Cliffs{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Wright, Joseph (1905), English Dialect Grammar
  • Wyld, Henry C. K. (1927), A short history of English (3rd ed.), London: Murray


  • Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061
  • Delattre, P.; Freeman, D.C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68
  • Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097
  • Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter; Hartman, James (2006), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (17 ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter, pp. 187–208, ISBN 3-11-016746-8
  • Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009a), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University
  • Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009b), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University
  • Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
  • Rogers, Henry (2000), The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, ISBN 978-0-582-38182-7
  • Seabrook, John (May 19, 2005), "The Academy: Talking the Tawk", The New Yorker, retrieved 2008-05-14
  • Shitara, Yuko (1993), "A survey of American pronunciation preferences", Speech Hearing and Language, 7: 201–232
  • Silverstein, Bernard (1994), NTC's Dictionary of American English Pronunciation, Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8442-0726-8
  • Thomas, Erik R. (2001), An acoustic analysis of vowel variation in New World English, Publication of the American Dialect Society, vol. 85, Duke University Press for the American Dialect Society, ISSN 0002-8207
  • Wells, John C. (1982a), Accents of English, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-22919-7
  • Wells, John C. (1982b), Accents of English, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24224-X
  • Wells, John C. (1982c), Accents of English, vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24225-8
  • Wells, John C. (2000), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2nd ed.), Harlow: Longman, ISBN 0-582-36468-X
  • Zawadzki, P.A.; Kuehn, D.P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796


  • Bartlett, Christopher (1992), "Regional variation in New Zealand English: the case of Southland", New Zealand English Newsletter, 6: 5–15
  • Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George (2007), "New Zealand English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 97–102, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830
  • Cryer, Max (2002). Curious Kiwi Words. Auckland: HarperCollins Publishers (NZ) Ltd.
  • Crystal, David (2003), The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press
  • Deverson, Tony, and Graeme Kennedy (eds.) (2005). The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
  • Grant, L.E., and Devlin, G.A. (eds.) (1999). In other words: A dictionary of expressions used in New Zealand. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press.
  • Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, eds. (2004), A handbook of varieties of English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
  • Leland, Louis S., jr. (1980). A personal Kiwi-Yankee dictionary. Dunedin: John McIndoe Ltd.
  • Mannell, Robert; Cox, Felicity; Harrington, Jonathan (2009a), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University
  • Mannell, Robert; Cox, Felicity; Harrington, Jonathan (2009b), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University
  • Orsman, H.W., (ed.) (1997). The Dictionary of New Zealand English: a dictionary of New Zealandisms on historical principles. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558380-9.
  • Orsman, H.W., (ed.) (1979). Heinemann New Zealand dictionary. Auckland: Heinemann Educational Books (NZ) Ltd.
  • Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2002), International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English (4th ed.), London: Arnold


<! from Standard English as of 7 December 2014 -->


  • Bex, Tony; Richard J. Watts (1999). Standard English: The widening debate. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19162-9.
  • Blake, N. F. 1996. "A History of the English Language" (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
  • Burridge, Kate and Bernd Kortmann (eds). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 3, The Pacific and Australasia" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
  • Coulmas, Florian; Richard J. Watts (2006). Sociolinguistics: The study of speaker's choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83606-9.
  • Crowley, Tony (2003). Standard English and the Politics of Language (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-99035-8.
  • Crystal, David (2006). The Fight for English: How language pundits ate, shot and left. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920764-X.
  • Crystal, David. 1997. "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics" 4th ed. (Oxford: Blackwell)
  • Durkin, Philip. "Global English", Oxford English Dictionary, 2007. Accessed 2007-11-07.
  • Freeborn, Dennis (2006). From Old English to Standard English: A Course Book in Language Variations Across Time (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-9880-9.
  • Gorlach, Manfred. 1997. "The Linguistic History of English" (Basingstoke: Macmillan)
  • Gramley, Stephan; Kurt-Michael Pätzold (2004). A survey of Modern English. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-04957-1.
  • Harder, Jayne C., Thomas Sheridan: A Chapter in the Saga of Standard English, American Speech, Vol. 52, No. 1/2 (Spring - Summer, 1977), pp. 65–75.
  • Hickey, Raymond (2004). Legacies of Colonial English. Essen University: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83020-6.
  • Hudson, Richard A. (1996). Sociolinguistics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56514-6.
  • Kortmann, Bernd and Clive Upton (eds). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 1, The British Isles" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
  • Mesthrie, Rajend (ed). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 4, Africa, South and Southeast Asia" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
  • Mugglestone, Lynda (2006). The Oxford History of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924931-8.
  • Schneider, Edgar W. (ed). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 2, The Americas and the Caribbean" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
  • Smith, Jeremy. 1996. "An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change" (London: Routledge)
  • Thorne, Sarah. 1997. "Mastering Advanced English Language" (Basingstoke: Macmillan)
  • Wright, Laura (2000). The Development of Standard English, 1300 - 1800: Theories, descriptions, conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77114-5.


  • Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Twisted Story of English Spelling, by David Wolman. Collins, ISBN 978-0-06-136925-4. [1]
  • Bell, Masha (2004), Understanding English Spelling, Cambridge, Pegasus
  • Bell, Masha (2012), SPELLING IT OUT: the problems and costs of English spelling, ebook
  • Children of the Code An extensive, in depth study of the illiteracy problem.
  • Crystal, David. Spell It Out: The Curious, Enthralling and Extraordinary Story of English Spelling (St. Martin's Press, 2013)
  • Hitchings, Henry. The language wars: a history of proper English (Macmillan, 2011)
  • Kiisk, Allan (2013) Simple Phonetic English Spelling - Introduction to Simpel-Fonetik, the Single-Sound-per-Letter Writing Method, in printed, audio and e-book versions, Tate Publishing, Mustang, Oklahoma.
  • Kiisk, Allan (2012) Simpel-Fonetik Dictionary - For International Version of Writing in English, Tate Publishing, Mustang, Oklahoma.
  • Lynch, Jack. The Lexicographer's Dilemma: The Evolution of 'Proper' English, from Shakespeare to South Park (Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2009)
  • Marshall, David F. "The Reforming of English Spelling." Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (2011) 2:113+
  • Wolman, David. Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Tangled Story of English Spelling. HarperCollins, 2009.


  • Bacsfalvi, P. (2010), “Attaining the lingual components of /r/ with ultrasound for three adolescents with cochlear implants”. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 34 (3): 206–217.
  • Ball, M., Lowry, O., & McInnis, L. (2006), “Distributional and stylistic variation in /r/-misarticulations: A case study”. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 20: 2–3.
  • Barry, M (1991), "Temporal Modelling of Gestures in Articulatory Assimilation", Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix-en-Provence{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Barry, M (1992), "Palatalisation, Assimilation and Gestural Weakening in Connected Speech", Speech Communication, pp. vol.11, 393–400
  • Browman, Catherine P.; Goldstein, Louis (1990), "Tiers in Articulatory Phonology, with Some Implications for Casual Speech", in Kingston, John C.; Beckman, Mary E. (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and Physics of Speech, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–376
  • Brown, G. (1990), Listening to Spoken English, Longman
  • Campbell, F., Gick, B., Wilson, I., Vatikiotis-Bateson, E. (2010), “Spatial and Temporal Properties of Gestures in North American English /r/”. Child's Language and Speech, 53 (1): 49–69.
  • Dalcher Villafaña, C., Knight, R.A., Jones, M.J., (2008), “Cue Switching in the Perception of Approximants: Evidence from Two English Dialects”. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 14 (2): 63–64.
  • Cercignani, Fausto (1975), "English Rhymes and Pronunciation in the Mid-Seventeenth Century", English Studies, 56 (6): 513–518, doi:10.1080/00138387508597728
  • Cercignani, Fausto (1981), Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunciation, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Chomsky, Noam; Halle, Morris (1968), The Sound Pattern of English, New York: Harper & Row
  • Clements, G.N.; Keyser, S. (1983), CV Phonology: A Generative Theory of the Syllable, Cambridge, MA: MIT press
  • Collins, B. and Mees, I. (2013), Practical Phonetics and Phonology, Routledge{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Crystal, David (1969), Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Espy-Wilson, C. (2004), “Articulatory Strategies, speech Acoustics and Variability”. From Sound to Sense June 11 – June 13 at MIT: 62–63
  • Fudge, Erik C. (1984), English Word-stress, London: Allen and Unwin
  • Giegerich, H. (1992), English Phonology: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Gimson, A. C. (1962), An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English, London: Edward Arnold
  • Gimson, A.C., ed. A.Cruttenden (2008), Pronunciation of English, Hodder{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Hagiwara, R., Fosnot, S. M., & Alessi, D. M. (2002). “Acoustic phonetics in a clinical setting: A case study of /r/-distortion therapy with surgical intervention”. Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 16 (6): 425–441.
  • Halliday, M.A.K. (1967), Intonation and Grammar in British English, Mouton
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1970), A Course in Spoken English: Intonation, London: Oxford University Press
  • Hoff, Erika, (2009), Language Development. Scarborough, Ontario. Cengage Learning, 2005.
  • Howard, S. (2007), “The interplay between articulation and prosody in children with impaired speech: Observations from electropalatographic and perceptual analysis”. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9 (1): 20–35.
  • Kingdon, Roger (1958), The Groundwork of English Intonation, London: Longman
  • Kreidler, Charles (2004), The Pronunciation of English, Blackwell
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2001), A Course in Phonetics (4th (5th ed. 2006) ed.), Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, ISBN 0-15-507319-2
  • Locke, John L., (1983), Phonological Acquisition and Change. New York, United States. Academic Press, 1983. Print.
  • McCully, C. (2009), The Sound Structure of English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • McMahon, A. (2002), An Introduction to English Phonology, Edinburgh
  • Nolan, Francis (1992), "The Descriptive Role of Segments: Evidence from Assimilation.", in Docherty, Gerard J.; Ladd, D. Robert (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gesture, Segment, Prosody, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261–280
  • O'Connor, J. D.; Arnold, Gordon Frederick (1961), Intonation of Colloquial English, London: Longman
  • Pike, Kenneth Lee (1945), The Intonation of American English, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
  • Read, Charles (1986), Children's Creative Spelling, Routledge, ISBN 0-7100-9802-2
  • Roach, Peter (1982), "On the distinction between 'stress-timed' and 'syllable-timed' languages", in Crystal, David (ed.), Linguistic Controversies, Arnold
  • Roach, Peter (2009), English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course, 4th Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-78613-3
  • Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768
  • Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
  • Selkirk, E. (1982), "The Syllable", in van der Hulst, H.; Smith, N. (eds.), The Structure of Phonological Representations, Dordrecht: Foris
  • Sharf, D.J., Benson, P.J. (1982), “Identification of synthesized/r-w/continua for adult and child speakers”. Donald J. Acoustical Society of America, 71 (4):1008–1015.
  • Tench, P. (1996), The Intonation Systems of English, Cassell
  • Trager, George L.; Smith, Henry Lee (1951), An Outline of English Structure, Norman, OK: Battenburg Press
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English, Cambridge University Press
  • Wells, John C. (1990), "Syllabification and allophony", in Ramsaran, Susan (ed.), Studies in the Pronunciation of English: A Commemorative Volume in Honour of A. C. Gimson, London: Routledge, pp. 76–86
  • Wells, John (2006), English Intonation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Wise, Claude Merton (1957), Applied Phonetics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Zsiga, Elizabeth (2003), "Articulatory Timing in a Second Language: Evidence from Russian and English", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25: 399–432, doi:10.1017/s0272263103000160


  • Albrow, K. H. (1972). The English writing system: Notes towards a description. Schools Council Program in Linguistics and English Teaching, papers series 2 (No. 2). London: Longmans, for the Schools Council.
  • Aronoff, Mark. (1978). An English spelling convention. Linguistic Inquiry, 9, 299–303.
  • Bell, Masha (2004), Understanding English Spelling, Cambridge, Pegasus.
  • Bell, Masha (2007), Learning to Read, Cambridge, Pegasus.
  • Bell, Masha (2009), Rules and Exceptions of English Spelling, Cambridge, Pegasus.
  • Brengelman, Fred H. (1970). Sounds and letters in American English. In The English language: An introduction for teachers (pp. 77–98). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Brengelman, Fred H. (1970). Generative phonology and the teaching of spelling. English Journal, 59, 1113–1118.
  • Brengelman, Fred H. (1971). English spelling as a marker of register and style. English Studies, 52, 201–209.
  • Brengelman, Fred H. (1980). Orthoepists, printers, and the rationalization of English spelling. Journal of English and German Philology, 79, 332–354.
  • Carney, Edward. (1994). A survey of English spelling. London: Routledge.
  • Chomsky, Carol. (1970). Reading, writing and phonology. Harvard Educational Review, 40 (2), 287–309.
  • Chomsky, Noam; & Halle, Morris. (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row. (Particularly pp. 46, 48–49, 69, 80n, 131n, 148, 174n, 221).
  • Cummings, D. W. (1988). American English spelling: An informal description. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801879566
  • Derwing, Bruce; Priestly, Tom; Rochet, Bernard. (1987). The description of spelling-to-sound relationships in English, French and Russian: Progress, problems and prospects. In P. Luelsdorff (Ed.), Orthography and phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Dixon, Robert. (1977). Morphographic spelling program. Eugene, OR: Engelman-Becker Press.
  • Emerson, Ralph. (1997). English spelling and its relation to sound. American Speech, 72 (3), 260–288.
  • Hanna, Paul; Hanna, Jean; Hodges, Richard; & Rudorf, Edwin. (1966). Phoneme – grapheme correspondences as cues to spelling improvement. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
  • Jespersen, Otto. (1909). A modern English grammar on historical principles: Sounds and spellings (Part 1). Heidelberg: C. Winter.
  • Luelsdorff, Philip A. (1994). Developmental morphographemics II. In W. C. Watt (Ed.), Writing systems and cognition (pp. 141–182). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • McCawley, James D. (1994). Some graphotactic constraints. In W. C. Watt (Ed.), Writing systems and cognition (pp. 115–127). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Mencken, H. L. (1936). The American language: An inquiry into the development of English in the United States (4th ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf.
  • Rollings, Andrew G. (1998). Marking devices in the spelling of English. Atlantis, 20 (1), 129–143.
  • Rollings, Andrew G. (1999). Markers in English and other orthographies. In L. Iglesias Rábade & P. Nuñez Pertejo (Eds.), Estudios de lingüística contrastiva (pp. 441–449). Universidad de Santiago.
  • Rollings, Andrew G. (2003). System and chaos in English spelling: The case of the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative. English Language and Linguistics, 7 (2), 211–233.
  • Rollings, Andrew G. (2004). The spelling patterns of English. LINCOM studies in English linguistics (04). Muenchen: LINCOM EUROPA.
  • Sampson, Geoffrey. (1985). Writing systems: A linguistic introduction. London: Hutchinson.
  • Seymour, P. H. K.; Aro, M.; & Erskine, J. M. (2003). Foundation literacy acquisition in European orthographies. British Journal of Psychology, 94 (2), 143–174.
  • Simpson, J. A.; & Weiner, E. S. C. (Eds.). (1989). Oxford English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Steinberg, Danny. (1973). Phonology, reading and Chomsky and Halle's optimal orthography. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2 (3), 239–258.
  • Stubbs, Michael. (1980). Language and literacy: The sociolinguistics of reading and writing. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Venezky, Richard L. (1967). English orthography: Its graphical structure and its relation to sound. Reading Research Quarterly, 2, 75–105.
  • Venezky, Richard L. (1970). The structure of English orthography. The Hague: Mouton.
  • Venezky, Richard L. (1976). Notes on the history of English spelling. Visible Language, 10, 351–365.
  • Venezky, Richard L. (1999). The American way of spelling. New York: Guildford Press.
  • Weir, Ruth H. (1967). Some thoughts on spelling. In W. M Austin (Ed.), Papers in linguistics in honor of Leon Dostert (pp. 169–177). Janua Linguarum, Series Major (No. 25). The Hague: Mouton.


  • Algeo, John (2006). British or American English?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37993-8.
  • Hargraves, Orin (2003). Mighty Fine Words and Smashing Expressions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515704-4
  • McArthur, Tom (2002). The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866248-3.
  • Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62181-X.
  • Trudgill, Peter and Jean Hannah. (2002). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English, 4th ed. London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-80834-9




  • Mitchell, Alexander G., 1995, The Story of Australian English, Sydney: Dictionary Research Centre.
  • Wells, J C (1982). Accents of English 3: Beyond the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28541-0.
  • Strevens, Peter (1984). Seaspeak Reference Manual. Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-031056-7.
  • Weeks, Fred; Alan Glover; Edward Johnson; Peter Strevens (1988). Seaspeak Training Manual: Essential English for International Maritime Use. Language Teaching Methodology Series. Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-031555-0.
  • IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP). International Maritime Organisation. ISBN 92-801-5137-1.



  • Adolphs, Svenja. 2005. “’I don’t think I should learn all this.’ – A Longitudinal View of Attitudes Towards ‘Native Speaker’ English.” In: Gnutzmann, Claus; Intemann, Frauke. (eds.) The Globalisation of English and the English language classroom. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 118-131.
  • Björkman, Beyza. 2008. “'So where we are?' Spoken lingua franca English at a technical university in Sweden.” English Today 94 (2), 35-41.
  • Breiteneder, Angelika Maria. 2005. “Exploiting redundancy in English as a European Lingua Franca: The case of the ‘third person –s’.” Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Vienna. http://www.univie.ac.at/voice/page/abstracts/breiteneder_2005.pdf
  • Breiteneder, Angelika. 2009. English as a lingua franca in Europe. A natural development. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Müller. [Print version of Breiteneder 2005.]
  • Cogo, Alessia and Dewey, Martin. 2006. “Efficiency in ELF communication. From pragmatic motives to lexico-grammatical innovation.” Nordic Journal of English Studies. http://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/3148
  • Cogo, Allessia. 2008. “English as a Lingua Franca. Form follows function.” English Today 95 (3), 58-61.
  • Davies, Alan. 1996. “Review Article: Ironising the myth of Linguicism.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 17:6, 485-596.
  • Ferguson, Gibbson. 2006. “Issues in researching English as a lingua franca: a conceptual enquiry.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics 19: 2, 117-135.
  • Firth, Alan. 1996. “The discursive accomplishment of normality. On 'lingua franca' English and conversation analysis.” Journal of Pragmatics 26, 237–59, qtd. in Lesznyák 2002.
  • Firth, Alan. 2009. “The lingua franca factor.” Intercultural pragmatics 6: 2, 147-170.
  • Gnutzmann, Claus; Intemann, Frauke (eds.). 2005. The Globalisation of English and the English language classroom. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
  • Grau, Maike. 2005. “English as a global language – What do future teachers have to say?” In *Gnutzmann, Claus; Intemann, Frauke (eds.). The Globalisation of English and the English Language Classroom. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 261-274.
  • House, Juliane. 2002. “Developing pragmatic competence in English as a Lingua Franca.” In Knapp, Karlfried; Meierkord, Christiane (eds.). Lingua franca communication. Frankfurt am Main: Peter, 245-267.
  • House, Juliane. 2003. “English as a lingua franca: A threat to multilingualism?” Journal of Sociolinguistics 7: 4, 556-578.
  • Hülmbauer, Cornelia. 2007. “'You moved, aren't?' The relationship between lexicogrammatical correctness and communicative effectiveness in English as a lingua franca.” Views 16: 2, 3-36. http://www.univie.ac.at/Anglistik/Views_0702.pdf.
  • Hülmbauer, Cornelia et al. 2008 “Introducing English as a lingua franca (ELF): Precursor and partner in intercultural communication.” Synergies Europe 3, 25-36. http://ressources-cla.univ-fcomte.fr/gerflint/Europe3/hulmbauer.pdf.
  • Jenkins, Jennifer; Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2001. “Bringing Europe's lingua franca into the classroom.” The Guardian Weekly 19 April 2001. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/apr/19/languages.highereducation1.
  • Jenkins, Jennifer. 2007. English as a Lingua Franca: Attitudes and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kalocsai, Karolina. 2009. “Erasmus exchange students. A behind-the-scenes view into an ELF community of practice”. Apples – Journal of Applied Linguistics Series 3 (1), 25-49. http://apples.jyu.fi (6 July 2010).
  • Klimpfinger, Theresa. 2005. “The role of speakers' first and other languages in English as a lingua franca talk.” Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Vienna. http://www.univie.ac.at/voice/page/abstracts/klimpfinger_2005.pdf.
  • Klimpfinger, Theresa. 2007. “'Mind you, sometimes you have to mix'. The role of code-switching in English as a lingua franca.” Views 16: 2, 36-61. http://anglistik.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/dep_anglist/weitere_Uploads/Views/Views_0702.pdf.
  • Knapp, Karlfried; Meierkord, Christiane (eds.). 2002. Lingua franca communication. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  • Lesznyák, Ágnes. 2002. “From chaos to the smallest common denominator. Topic management in English lingua franca communication.” In Knapp, Karlfried; Meierkord, Christiane (eds.). Lingua franca communication. Frankfurt am Main et al.: Peter Lang, 163-194. http://books.google.com/books?id=KDi30N8c2kgC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=Leszny%C3%A1k,+%C3%81gnes.+2002.+%E2%80%9CFrom+chaos+to+the+smallest+common+denominator.+Topic+management+in+English+lingua+franca+communication%E2%80%9D.&source=bl&ots=96ZfobFD0h&sig=EbRyw3S70u-WxZfJ0xvcjTSgAGk&hl=de&ei=_st3TOH3G9CSOKWp-cgG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • MacKenzie, Ian. 2013. English as a Lingua Franca: Theorizing and Teaching English. London: Routledge.
  • Mauranen, Anna; Ranta, Elina (eds.). 2009. English as a lingua franca. Studies and findings. Newcastle upton Tine: Cambridge Scholars.
  • Mollin, Sandra. 2006. Euro English. Assessing Variety Status. Tübingen: Gunter Narr. http://books.google.com/books?id=qPhULmMmqJMC&dq=Mollin,+Sandra.+2006.+Euro+English.+Assessing+Variety+Status&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=de&ei=MMx3TLmQCoX_OYXbofcB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • Meierkord, Christiane. 2002. “’Language stripped bare’ or ‘linguistic masala’? Culture in lingua franca conversation.” In: Knapp, Karlfried; Meierkord, Christiane (eds.). Lingua franca communication. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 109-133.
  • Phillipson, Robert. 2001. “English for globalization or for the world’s people?”. International Review of Education 47: 3, 185-200.
  • Phillipson, Robert. 2008. “Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European integration and globalization.” World Englishes 27: 2, 250-267.
  • Pitzl, Marie-Luise. 2009. “'We should not wake up any dogs': Idiom and metaphor in ELF.”. In Mauranen, Anna and Ranta, Elina (eds.). English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and findings. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press, 298-322.
  • Pölzl, Ulrike. 2005. “Exploring the third space. Negotiating culture in English as a lingua franca.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Vienna.
  • Pölzl, Ulrike; Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2006. “In and on their own terms. The ‘habitat factor’ in English as a lingua franca interactions.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 177, 151-17.
  • Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE) http://www.univie.ac.at/voice/
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2001. “Closing a conceptual gap: the case for a description of English as a lingua franca.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics 11: 2, 133-158.
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2003. “A concept of international English and related issues: From ‘Real English’ to ‘Realistic English’?” In: Council of Europe. Language Policy Division. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/source/seidlhoferen.pdf.
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2004. “Research Perspectives on teaching English as a Lingua Franca.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 24, 209-239.
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2005. “English as a lingua franca.” ELF Journal 59: 4, 339-340.
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2006. “Towards making ‘Euro-English’ a linguistic reality.” In: Bolton, Kinglsey; Kachru, Braj B. (eds.). World Englishes. Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Volume III. London: Routledge, 47-50.
  • Seidlhofer, Barbara; Widdowson, Henry G. 2003. “House work and student work. A study in cross-cultural understanding. Übersetzen, Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Spracherwerb und Sprachvermittlung—das Leben mit mehreren Sprachen“. Festschrift für Juliane House zum 60. Geburtstag. Zeitschrift für interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht. 8: 115-127. http://zif.spz.tu-darmstadt.de/jg-08-2-3/docs/Seidlhofer_Widdowson.pdf.
  • Spichtinger, Daniel. 2000. The Spread of English and its Appropriation. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Vienna. http://spichtinger.net/Uni/sp-dipl3.pdf.
  • Timmis, Ivor. 2002. “Native speaker norms and international English: a classroom view.” ELT Journal 56, 240-249. http://biblioteca.uqroo.mx/hemeroteca/elt_journal/2002/julio/560240.pdf.
  • Zeiss, Nadine. 2010. English as a European lingua franca. Changing attitudes in an inter-connected world. Berlin: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.


  • Wells, J C (1982). Accents of English 3: Beyond the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28541-0.


  • Alleyne, Mervyn C. (1980). Comparative Afro-American: An Historical Comparative Study of English-based Afro-American Dialects of the New World. Koroma.
  • Bailey, Beryl, L (1966). Jamaican Creole Syntax. Cambridge University Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Cassidy, Frederic (1971). Jamaica Talk: Three Hundred Years of English Language in Jamaica. London: MacMillan Caribbean.
  • Cassidy, Frederic; Le Page, R. B. (1980). Dictionary of Jamaican English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • DeCamp, David (1961), "Social and geographic factors in Jamaican dialects", in Le Page, R. B. (ed.), Creole Language Studies, London: Macmillan, pp. 61–84
  • DeCamp, David (1977), "The Development of Pidgin and Creole Studies", in Valdman, A (ed.), Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
  • Devonish, H; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, vol. 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
  • Gibson, Kean (1988), "The Habitual Category in Guyanese and Jamaican Creoles", American Speech, 63 (3): 195–202, doi:10.2307/454817, JSTOR 454817
  • Hancock, Ian (1985), "More on Poppy Show", American Speech, 60 (2): 189–192, doi:10.2307/455318, JSTOR 455318
  • Harry, Otelemate G. (2006), "Jamaican Creole", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 125–131, doi:10.1017/S002510030600243X
  • Ramazani, Jahan; Ellmann, and Robert O'Clair, eds., Richard (2003). The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry, Third Edition. Vol. 2: Contemporary Poetry. Norton. ISBN 0-393-97792-7. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Irvine, Alison (2004), "A Good Command of the English Language: Phonological Variation in the Jamaican Acrolect", Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 19 (1): 41–76, doi:10.1075/jpcl.19.1.03irv
  • Lawton, David (1984), "Grammar of the English-Based Jamaican Proverb", American Speech, 2 (2): 123–130, doi:10.2307/455246, JSTOR 455246
  • Meade, R.R. (2001). Acquisition of Jamaican Phonology. Dordrecht: Holland Institute of Linguistics.
  • Patrick, Peter L. (1995), "Recent Jamaican Words in Sociolinguistic Context", American Speech, 70 (3): 227–264, doi:10.2307/455899, JSTOR 455899
  • Patrick, Peter L. (1999). Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
  • Rickford, John R. (1987). Dimensions of a Creole Continuum: History, Texts, Linguistic Analysis of Guyanese. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Winford, Donald (1985), "The Syntax of Fi Complements in Caribbean English Creole", Language, 61 (3): 588–624, doi:10.2307/414387, JSTOR 414387



Other articles to look at with messy but useful references include "international English", "Middle English", "English as a second or foreign language", "Australian English", "Hiberno-English",


  • Cheng, Linsun; Bagg, Mary, eds. (2009). Berkshire encyclopedia of China : modern and historic views of the world's newest and oldest global power. Vol. 3. Great Barrington (MA): Berkshire Pub. Group. p. 1385. ISBN 978-0-97701594-8.
  • Brown, E. K.; Anderson, Anne, eds. (2006). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. p. 345. ISBN 0-08044358-3.
  • Frawley, William; Bright, William, eds. (2003). International encyclopedia of linguistics. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 316. ISBN 0-19-513977-1.
  • Campbell, George L., ed. (2000). Compendium of the world's languages. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 374–379. ISBN 0=41520296-5. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=User:WeijiBaikeBianji/LanguageLinguisticsCitations&oldid=1091303141"