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In the Netherlands, the word of the year (Dutch: woord van het jaar) is elected by different Dutch linguistic institutions. The word of the year refers to a new word selected through an election as the most distinctive or most important word characterizing the events of a year. The word swaffelen is perhaps one of the best known examples of a Dutch word of the year winner.

The first Dutch election for Word of the Year was set up in 2003 by Koen Gubbels of translation agency The Language Lab in Amsterdam. The Dutch version was inspired by existing American elections such as the Word of the Year election of the American Dialect Society and Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year. The intention was to use neologisms or old words that suddenly became popular again to provide an image of events that left their mark on a particular year. The website used user-generated content, where users could nominate words themselves.

In June 2006, the editorial staff of The Language Lab decided to close the website for financial and organizational reasons, after which Van Dale took over the election in 2007 in collaboration with the newspaper De Pers and Genootschap Onze Taal.[1] For that election, a pre-selection was made of the nominated words from which a favorite was chosen by site visitors.

Since the 2010 edition, the results were now separated into a Dutch and a Flemish part, the results were limited to three words and it was also possible to vote in different categories. In 2018, Van Dale decided to stop with the secondary categories and limit the election to a general result of three words.

Election results The Language Lab: Word of the Year (2003—2005)

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2003 result

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The first Word of the Year election resulted in the following final list:

  1. gamen
  2. beurtbalkje
  3. googelen
  4. adoptiekip
  5. vleesverlater
  6. spammen
  7. opleuken
  8. kutmarokkaan
  9. e-war
  10. hobbykip

The winning word, gamen, was an unappealing winner. The word in second place, beurtbalkje, was the candidate of the action group Over de balk that tried to get the word into the Van Dale dictionary.[2] The pejorative word kutmarokkaan originated from politician Rob Oudkerk who used the word during the evening of the 2002 municipal elections in which he he scolded people with a Moroccan background. Among all the nominations were many words related to the invasion of Iraq, such as e-war, shock-and-awe and bomschoenterrorist.[3]

2004 result

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In 2004, the editors of Word of the Year did not compile a final list due to manipulation of the voting results by various internet forum campaigns. The immediate reason for the decision was the massive vote for the word braatolizer by users of the internet forum Retecool.

The GeenStijl forum community nominated and voted for the word fotofuck in the first case. When the word was blacklisted by The Language Lab editors, GeenStijl users then began nominating alternative spellings of the word (photofuck, photophuck, photophuk, etc.), which led to all of these words being blacklisted as well as ruled out. Ultimately, the editors allowed the word feauteaufuck. The word remained in vogue for several years within the GeenStijl community.

To accommodate the internet forums, the Word of the Year editorial team had already set up a sister site in 2003, namely vetste.woordvanhetjaar.nl.[4] The website served as an outlet for users who still wanted to vote for a word that had been blacklisted on the main site. The word haiduc topped the final rankings there in 2004, just ahead of braatolizer.[5]

2005 result

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For the 2005 election, stricter requirements were imposed so that a small group could not exert unilateral influence on the voting results:[6][7]

  1. genverbrander
  2. bandstemmen
  3. moslimmoeheid
  4. tsunami
  5. hangouderen
  6. goededoelgevoel
  7. troetelmarokkaan
  8. rakeling
  9. Livestrong
  10. chasse patate

The winning word genverbrander ('gene burner') was introduced by medium Robbert van den Broeke. He had used the word incorrectly in his television program Er is zoveel meer ("There is so much more") because he had taken it from a genealogical website. The word he actually meant to say was geneverbrander, a 'jenever burner'.[8] The word tsunami also scored high due to the devastating tsunami that occurred after the Indian seaquake of 2004. The word troetelmarokkaan ('cuddle Moroccan') refers to a hug between rapper Ali B and former queen Beatrix.

Election results Van Dale: Word of the Year Netherlands (2007–present)

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2007 result

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  1. bokitoproof
  2. comadrinken
  3. klimaatneutraal
  4. slurptaks
  5. lokhomo
  6. wilfen
  7. formatiemoeheid
  8. zelfbedieningskapitalisme
  9. reltoerist
  10. opacriminaliteit

The winner in 2007 was the word bokitoproof. It referred to an incident at Diergaarde Blijdorp, where on 18 May 2007, the gorilla Bokito escaped from his enclosure and subsequently seriously injured a visitor. After the zoo adapted the monkey enclosure, many declared it 'bokito-proof'. The word then further developed into a metaphor for resistance to vandalism, for example street furniture, in general.[9]

2008 result

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  1. swaffelen (57%)
  2. Wiiën (12%)
  3. bankendomino (6%)
  4. gastroseksueel (5%)
  5. smirten (5%)
  6. hufterindex (4%)
  7. duyvendakken (3%)
  8. horroropa (2%)
  9. slaaprijden (2%)
  10. zweef-tv (2%)

The big winner of 2008 was the word swaffelen with 57% of the votes.[10] The word received a lot of media attention when a Dutch student posted a video on YouTube in which he tapped the Taj Mahal with his genitals.[11] The GeenStijl community once again managed to influence the election with a campaign,[12] and many viewers of the BNN television program Spuiten en Slikken voted for the word because the program had announced a national 'swaffel day'.[13] The second word, Wiiën, received 12% of the votes, followed by bankendomino, which received 6%.

In 2008, discussion flared up about the undesirability of banal concepts in elections that are mainly used by younger audiences. Columnists in Elsevier and NRC Handelsblad in particular criticized this. Jan Kuitenbrouwer stated in a response in NRC that kredietcrisis was the word of 2008 and that Van Dale's preference for plain language expressions, partly as a result of the use of an internet election, resulted in the outcome being wobbly.[14]

2009 result

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  1. ontvrienden (19%)
  2. Mexicaanse griep (18%)
  3. hypotheekleed (15%)
  4. oeps-gebied (12%)
  5. Tomtomburger (9%)
  6. griepcommissaris (9%)
  7. zeilmeisje (7%)
  8. recessionista (6%)
  9. Twitterazzo (4%)
  10. spuugkit (1%)

In the 2009 Internet election, ontvrienden, dumping virtual friends by removing them from friends lists on social media, won with 19% of the votes, just ahead of Mexicaanse griep, the swine flu virus that caused a pandemic in 2009, which got 18% of the votes. Hypotheekleed ('mortgage sorrow') finished in third place with 15%.

2010 result

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General election:

  1. gedoogregering (21%)
  2. daggeren (19%)
  3. bestuursobesitas (15%)
Categories:
Youth language Lifestyle Sport/amusement Economy Politics
1. pino

2. chillaxen

3. balkonduiker

1. pinger

2. cougar

3. dakevangelist

1. dr. Bibberregel

2. oranjebabe

3. horrortackle

1. obesitaks

2. knoflookcrisis

3. siësta-economie

1. kamikazekabinet

2. abklinken

3. bestuursobesitas

The word gedoogregering, or a minority government that is supported by a confidence and supply party for decision-making in certain policy areas, was chosen as word of the year 2010.[15] The word refers to the Rutte I Cabinet, which received support from the Party for Freedom. In second place was daggeren, referring to an erotic dance that was featured in the reality series Oh Oh Cherso. The word pino also referred to the series.[16][17]

2011 results

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General election:

  1. tuigdorp (43%)
  2. caviapolitie (16%)
  3. occupyer (9%)
Categories:
Youth language Lifestyle Sport/amusement Economy Politics
1. planking

2. soggen

3. lokprofiel

1. vleeshufter

2. plaswinkel

3. wellnesssafari

1. wordfeuden

2. snikkelgoal

3. lustbaby

1. buffettbelasting

2. crisispapier

3. big bazooka

1. bedrijfspoedel

2. polentaks

3. halbeheffing

In 2011, the word tuigdorp ('scum village') won with 43% of the votes and refers to a statement by politician Geert Wilders. Wilders believed that repeat offenders should be banished to 'scum villages', where they would live isolated from society.[18] In second place was caviapolitie ('guinea pig police') with 16% of the votes, followed by occupyer with 9%.

The word vleeshufter ('meat bastard') refers to an investigation declared to be falsified in connection with Diederik Stapel.[19] Plaswinkel ('urine shop') became popular after a shop opened in the Kalverstraat where visitors could urinate for a fee.[20] The word snikkelgoal ('penis goal') refers to footballer Sven Kums, who scored a goal with his private parts in a football match for FC Utrecht.[21]

2012 result

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Algemene verkiezing:

  1. project X-feest (17%)
  2. bangalijst (16%)
  3. inbrekersrisico (15%)
Categorieën:
Youth language Lifestyle Sport/amusement Economy Politics
1. whappen

2. yolo

3. trollen

1. facebookrellen

2. wrijftelefoon

3. cupcakemama

1. gagnamstijl

2. dopingdomino

3. koefnoentype

1. onderwaterhypotheek

2. begrotingsravijn

3. geldmoord

1. weglooppoliticus

2. Kunduzakkoord

3. gluurverhoging

In the Netherlands, the winner with 17% of the approximately 22,000 votes cast was the word project X-feest. The word referred to the events surrounding Project X Haren. Bangalijst, a list of girls who are easily persuaded to have sex, finished second with 16%. Inbrekersrisico ('burglar risk'), a term used by former State Secretary Fred Teeven in response to the death of a burglar after a fight with householders in Diessen, was 15% out of three.[22]

References

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  1. ^ "Woord van het Jaar" [Word of the Year]. Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 19 June 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  2. ^ "Beurtbalkje". Beurtbalkje.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 December 2003. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Eindstand 2003" [End result 2003]. Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 June 2004. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Zandbak" [Sandbox]. Vetste Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 March 2005. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Tussenstand" [Interim score]. Vetste Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). 12 December 2004. Archived from the original on 12 December 2004. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Schone lei" [Clean slate]. Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). 11 January 2005. Archived from the original on 14 February 2005. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Eindstand 2005" [End result 2005]. Woord van het Jaar (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  8. ^ Nanninga, Rob (15 January 2016). "Er is zoveel meer. Googlen met Robbert van den Broeke" [There is so much more. Googling with Robbert van den Broeke]. Skepsis (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  9. ^ Den Boom, Ton (18 May 2017). "Bokito heeft als metafoor in onze taal kingkongachtige proporties aangenomen" [Bokito has taken on King Kong-like proportions as a metaphor in our language]. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Hét Woord van het jaar 2008 is swaffelen" [The Word of the Year 2008 is swaffelen]. Van Dale (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  11. ^ Bonneure, Kristien (15 December 2020). ""Knuffelcontact": 2020 levert dan toch een positief Woord van het Jaar op" ["Knuffelcontact": 2020 delivers a positive Word of the Year]. VRT NWS (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  12. ^ "Woord van het Jaar: swaffelen" [Word of the Year: swaffelen]. GeenStijl (in Dutch). 10 December 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  13. ^ "BNN Nationale Swaffeldag" [BNN National Swaffel Day]. YouTube (in Dutch). 8 September 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Swaffelen is straks net zo passé als bokitoproof" [Swaffelen will soon be as passé as bokito-proof]. NRC (in Dutch). 22 December 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Van Dale Woord van het Jaar bekend!" [The Van Dale Word of the Year is known!]. Van Dale (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Daggeren in Oh Oh Cherso". YouTube (in Dutch). 15 September 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  17. ^ "Oh Oh Cherso afkortingen: PINO, PLORK, WOKNOK, ODOL" [Oh Oh Cherso abbreviations: PINO, PLORK, WOKNOK, ODOL]. YouTube (in Dutch). 5 March 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Wilders wil veelplegers verbannen naar 'tuigdorpen'" [Wilders wants to banish repeat offenders to 'scum villages']. NU.nl (in Dutch). 10 February 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  19. ^ "Onderzoek 'vleeshufters' frauduleus" [Investigation 'meat bastards' fraudulent]. NOS (in Dutch). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  20. ^ "Plaswinkel opent deuren in de Kalverstraat" [Urine shop opens doors in the Kalverstraat]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). 15 February 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  21. ^ Van Den Noordgaete, Marc (13 September 2013). "Kums: "Meer nagelaten dan snikkelgoal"" [Kums: "Leaved more than a penis goal"]. Voetbalkrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 October 2023.
De Schiphorst
Hamlet
 
Manor Havixhorst in De Schiphorst
 
 
De Schiphorst
Location in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands
 
 
De Schiphorst
De Schiphorst (Netherlands)
Coordinates: 52°40′44″N 6°15′28″E / 52.67892°N 6.25791°E / 52.67892; 6.25791
Country  Netherlands
Province  Drenthe
Municipality  Meppel
Area
[1]
 • Total3.65 km2 (1.41 sq mi)
 • Land3.63 km2 (1.40 sq mi)
 • Water0.02 km2 (0.008 sq mi)
Elevation
[2]
2.4 m (7.9 ft)
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total70
 • Density19/km2 (50/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
7966
Area code0522

De Schiphorst is a hamlet in the municipality of Meppel in the province of Drenthe. It is located southeast of Meppel, south of Rogat, and west of De Wijk. In this hamlet lies the manor house Havixhorst. After the municipal reorganization of 1998, De Schiphorst was added to Meppel.

In this hamlet, on the Schiphorsterweg, the so-called 'stork village' De Lokkerij is located. The Schiphorsterweg winds through the Reestdal from the hamlet of Lankhorst (municipality of Staphorst) to De Wijk. Before the construction of the A28, this was the main road from De Wijk to Meppel. Along this road are, among other things, a number of fairly large farms on spacious plots. On the weekend, this road is often used by klootschieters. The Hessenweg runs from the municipal border at De Wijk to Rogat.

Nieuwe Kerk
 
Nieuwe Kerk
 
53°13′23″N 6°33′41″E / 53.22306°N 6.56139°E / 53.22306; 6.56139
LocationNieuwe Kerkhof 1, Groningen, Groningen
CountryNetherlands
DenominationProtestant Church in the Netherlands
Websitewww.nieuwekerkgroningen.nl
History
StatusChurch
Architecture
Designated1660–1664
Architect(s)Conraet Roeleffs
StyleRenaissance
Specifications
Capacity1,000[3]

The Nieuwe Kerk (English: New Church), in the 18th century also called Noorderkerk, is a Protestant church in the city of Groningen, located on the Nieuwe Kerkhof in the Hortusbuurt.

The "new" in the name of the church is a reference to the "old" Sint-Walburgkerk. Originally the cemetery was called the Nieuwe Sint-Walburgkerkhof. The church is located on the northernmost hill of the Hondsrug; the Noordes or Tie (Thye).[4]

History

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After the Siege of Groningen in 1594, plans quickly emerged to expand the city significantly. The first plans date from 1608, but due to other priorities and financial problems, the new fortifications were not completed until 1624. In 1623, the site was designated as a cemetery by city architect Garwer Peters. He designed the four entrance gates to the cemetery, which were later demolished, one of which can be seen in a drawing by Cornelis Pronk. In 1634, architect Johan Isenbrants, commissioned by the city council, designated part of the cemetery for the construction of a future church building. The funds were still insufficient and it would therefore take decades before construction plans could be started.[5]

The new layout included a new church modeled on the Noorderkerk in Amsterdam. It is the first in Groningen built for Protestant worship (the Martinikerk and the Der Aa-kerk were originally Catholic churches). In 1660, the funds for the church were collected and construction could begin. The Nieuwe Kerk was designed by master Conraet Roeleffs and was built in Renaissance style with a floor plan in the shape of a Greek cross, crowned with a small crossing tower. Triangular houses were built in the corners. Construction was completed in 1664.[3]

There was already a cemetery on the new churchyard. In the past, plague victims were buried here (at that time still outside the city). The cemetery has now made way for a lawn with old trees.

Organ

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The organ in the Nieuwe Kerk was built in 1831 by J.W. Timpe based on a design drawing by P. van Oeckelen. This is remarkable because Van Oeckelen probably learned the organ-building trade from Timpe. In designing the organ, Van Oeckelen was evidently inspired by the famous front of the main organ of the Grote Kerk in Haarlem by Christian Müller, judging by some of the details. Later, P. van Oeckelen and J. Doornbos worked on the organ, whereby the disposition was slightly changed. In the period from 1976 to 1980, it was restored by the firm Ernst Leeflang. A second major restoration followed in 2008–2009. It has 42 registers, divided over main work, back positive, upper work, and pedal. It is located on the organ gallery on the west side of the cruciform church.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2023". Statistics Netherlands. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  2. ^ "AHN Viewer". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Geschiedenis van het gebouw" [History of the building]. Nieuwe Kerk Groningen (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  4. ^ Van Wanroij, Fons (9 June 2020). "De Groningse tie". Fonsvanwanroij.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  5. ^ Koster, Elwin Alexander (2001). Een proeve van vormgericht onderzoek ten behoeve van stedenbouwhistorisch onderzoek [A sample of form-oriented research for the purpose of historical research of urban development] (PDF) (doctorate thesis). University of Groningen. p. 266.
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