First convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia | |||
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Overview | |||
Meeting place | House of the National Assembly, 13 Marx and Engels Square, Belgrade | ||
Term | 11 January 1991 | – 25 January 1993||
Election | 9 and 23 December 1990 | ||
Government |
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Website | parlament.gov.rs | ||
Members | 250 | ||
President |
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Vice-presidents | |||
Party control | Socialist Party of Serbia |
The first convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Први сазив Народне скупштине Републике Србије, romanized: Prvi saziv Narodne skupštine Republike Srbije) was constituted in the House of the National Assembly on 11 January 1991. It was the first multi-party convocation, constituted in the aftermath of the 1990 Serbian general election.
The 1990 elections saw the Socialist Party of Serbia obtaining a supermajority in the National Assembly of Serbia. Slobodan Unković was elected the president of the National Assembly, while Dragutin Zelenović became the prime minister of Serbia. Unković remained in that position until June 1991, when he was replaced by Aleksandar Bakočević who remained in that position until the end of the convocation on 25 January 1993. Additionally, Zelenović was replaced by Radoman Božović as prime minister of Serbia in December 1991.
Background
editAfter the 1990 Serbian constitutional referendum, which was widely approved by voters, the multi-party system was installed in Serbia.[1] The new constitution went into effect on 28 September, after which the 1990 Serbian general election was called for 9 and 23 December.[2][3] The election was conducted using a first-past-the-post, two-round voting system with 250 single-member constituencies.[4] Results showed that the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) of Slobodan Milošević won a supermajority.[5] Despite winning 48% of the popular vote, SPS received 78% of the seats in the National Assembly of Serbia because of the first-past-the-post electoral system.[6][7] The opposition secured 56 seats.[8] The Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), the second-placed party, won the highest amount, 19 seats in total.[3]
Leadership
editThe leadership of the first convocation was elected during its constitutive session.[9] Slobodan Unković of SPS was elected president of the National Assembly on 11 January 1990, while Vukašin Jokanović, Radovan Pankov, Pavić Obradović, and Borivoje Petrović were elected vice-presidents on 16 January.[9][10] Vladeta Popović was also elected as the general secretary of the National Assembly.[10] Before their election, Mihalj Kertes and Dragoljub Mićunović were also seen as one of the potential vice-presidents.[11]
Unković remained in the role of the president of the National Assembly until 5 June, when he unexpectedly resigned.[12] In his resignation letter, Unković stated that he would want to devote his work as a university professor.[12] Journalist Cvijetin Milivojević reported that Unković was forced to resign after letting Mićunović speak after Milošević at a 27 June session of the National Assembly, considering that the praxis was to let the president of Serbia speak last.[12] Aleksandar Bakočević was elected as his successor and he remained in the role of the president of the National Assembly until the beginning of the second convocation on 25 January 1993.[13][14]
Parliamentary committees
editThe first convocation had 24 parliamentary committees in total. SPS had the largest number of members in all committees. The following list includes all committees, sorted by their total number of members.[15]: 621–623
- Committee for Relations with Serbs outside Serbia (25)
- Committee for Constitutional Issues (24)
- Legislative Committee (21)
- Committee for Kosovo and Metohija (19)
- Committee for Foreign Affairs (17)
- Committee for Development and Economic Relations with Foreign Countries (16)
- Committee for Justice and Administration (16)
- Committee for Defense and Security (15)
- Committee for Health (15)
- Committee for International Relations (15)
- Committee for Demographic Policy, Family, and Youth (15)
- Committee for Work, Veterans Protection, and Social Issues (15)
- Committee for Environmental Protection (15)
- Finance Committee (15)
- Committee for Industry, Energy, Mining, and Construction (15)
- Committee for Science and Technological Development (15)
- Committee for Education, Physical Culture, and Sports (15)
- Committee for Administrative and Mandate-Immunity Issues (15)
- Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Water Management, and Rural Development (15)
- Committee for Culture and Information (14)
- Committee for Traffic and Communications (11)
- Committee for Trade and Tourism (11)
- Committee for Housing and Communal Activities and Urban Planning (10)
- Committee for Petitions and Appeals (10)
Timeline
editThe first convocation began its constitutive session on 11 January 1991, at which the mandates of 246 members of the National Assembly (MPs) were confirmed.[9][16] Milošević also took the oath and became the president of Serbia.[9] At the 16 January session, the mandates of Kertes, Miodrag Bulatović, Bogdan Trifunović, and Vlajko Jović were confirmed and Dragutin Zelenović was proposed as the candidate for prime minister by Milošević.[17] Incumbent acting prime minister Stanko Radmilović was expected to not be re-nominated to the position due to him failing to obtain a seat in the National Assembly in the 1990 election.[18][19]
Zelenović was elected prime minister by the National Assembly at the 11 February session, succeeding Radmilović.[20] His investiture received 182 votes in favour and 30 votes against, while 7 abstained.[20]
With Bulatović's death on 15 March, his seat was then contested and won by Vojislav Šešelj of the Serbian Radical Party.[21][22] In the first round, held on 16 June, Šešelj and Radoš Karaklajić of SPS were the two most voted candidates.[23] Šešelj won the run-off election on 30 June in a landslide.[22] His mandate was confirmed on 8 July.[24]
The media began reporting about Zelenović allegedly resigning from the position of prime minister of Serbia in early December.[25] His resignation was confirmed on 12 December, though he remained in acting capacity until the election of Radoman Božović as prime minister on 23 December.[26][27]
Members
editDuring the first convocation of the National Assembly of Serbia, there were only defections to other parties and no resignations.[28]: 966 A parliamentary group had to have at least 10 MPs to be officialised; this was lowered to 5 in 1994.[29]: 135–136 Thus, only SPS and SPO were able to create parliamentary groups on their own.[29]: 136–137 The rest had to cooperate to form a parliamentary group; DS, DZVM, and several independents had a parliamentary group on their own for a brief period.[29]: 137
Beginning in early 1992, a group of SPS MPs around Momčilo Trajković, the president of the Committee of the National Assembly for Kosovo, became critical of Milošević's policies.[28]: 969 [30] Later in June, newspaper Borba reported that MPs from SPS, including Trajković, Ilija Rosić, Jovan Cvetković, Radomir Tešić, Milan Švabić, Mileta Radojević, Vojislav Đurđević, Rodoljub Todorović, Predrag Lazić, Ljubiša Aksentijević, and Dragoljub Mirković, would leave its parliamentary group and that the formation of a new political party, the Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDP), was underway.[31][32] Cvetković confirmed the formation of a new parliamentary group on 24 June, stating that its MPs would demand new elections, and the resignation of the government and the president of the National Assembly.[33] Trajković, Cvetković, Švabić, and Rosić left the SPS parliamentary group on 1 July and on 9 July Trajković, Cvetković, Švabić, Rosić, Todorović, and Lazić were expelled from SPS.[34][35] The SDP parliamentary group was then formed on 17 July, with its members including the six former SPS MPs, Miroslav Stojanović, an independent, Tomislav Milovanović of SPS, Tode Vojvodić of the Serbian Democratic Party, and Dragoslav Petrović of the People's Party.[28]: 969 [36] Cvetković was elected president of the parliamentary group.[36]
The second defection occurred also ocurred in 1992; Vojislav Koštunica left DS in July after the party rejected membership in the Democratic Movement of Serbia opposition coalition.[37][38] Initially a faction inside DS, Koštunica formed the Democratic Party of Serbia on 26 July.[38] Koštunica and two more MPs, Mihajlo Kovač and Mirko Petrović, left the DS-led parliamentary group on 5 August.[39]
Presidents of parliamentary groups: Zoran Sokolovic (SPS), Slobodan Rakitic (SPO), Micunovic (DS), Borivoje Petrovic (Independents, SDA, PDA, DRSM), Andras Agoston (DZVM, SRSJ). https://www.istinomer.rs/amnezija/svi-svi-do-pobede-8-deo/
References
edit- ^ Nikolić, Kosta (2011). "Obnavljanje parlamentarnog poretka u Srbiji 1990" [Restoration of the parliamentary order in Serbia in 1990]. Tokovi Istorije (in Serbian) (2): 142. ISSN 0354-6497.
- ^ Traynor, Ian (28 September 1990). "Free Hand for Milosevic in Hardline Rule". The Guardian. p. 12. ProQuest 244602374. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Prvi višestranački izbori (1990)" [First multi-party elections (1990)]. B92 (in Serbian). 9 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ Orlović, Slaviša (2011). Partije i izbori u Srbiji: 20 godina [Parties and elections in Serbia: 20 years] (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Faculty of Political Sciences, Centre for Democracy. p. 233. ISBN 9788684031497. OCLC 785849369.
- ^ "Ex-Communists trounce opposition in Serbian election". Chicago Tribune. 26 December 1990. p. 3. ProQuest 282971809. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Martinov, Zlatoje (2000). U podnožju demokratskih propileja: Izbori u Srbiji, 1990–2000 [At the pedestal of the democratic propylaea: Elections in Serbia, 1990–2000] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Republika. p. 26. OCLC 50410508.
- ^ Thomas, Robert (1998). Serbia under Milošević: Politics in the 1990s (1 ed.). London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 74. ISBN 9781850653677. OCLC 1280730017.
- ^ Gagnon, Jr., V.P. (1 June 1991). "Yugoslavia: Prospects for Stability". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d Šverko, D.; Torov, M.; Džafo, V. N.; Radovanović, I.; Milivojević, C. (12–13 January 1991). "Konstituisana višestranačka Narodna skupština Srbije: Stranačke čarke od početka" [The constituted multi-party National Assembly of Serbia: Party factions from the beginning]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 13. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Izabrana četiri potpredsednika" [The four vice-presidents have been elected]. Borba (in Serbian). 17 January 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Džafo, V. N. (8 January 1991). "Ko će biti čelni ljudi u Srbiji: Dani za kombinacije" [Who will be the leading people in Serbia: Days for combinations]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 3. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Milivojević, Cvijetin (6 June 1991). "Zašto odlazi Slobodan Unković: Kraj ere "rukavica"" [Why is Slobodan Unković leaving: The end of the era of "gloves"]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Novi predsednik Aleksandar Bakočević" [New president Aleksandar Bakočević]. Borba (in Serbian). 6 June 1991. p. 5. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Ilić, V.; Stamatović, S. P.; Torov, M. (26 January 1993). "Juče konstituisana Skupština Srbije: Zoran Lilić predsednik parlamenta, Nikola Šainović mandatar vlade" [Parliament of Serbia constituted yesterday: Zoran Lilić, Speaker of the Parliament, Nikola Šainović, Prime Minister]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 2. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Stokić, Ljubiša B. (1994). Demokratija i osvajanje vlasti: izbori u Srbiji 1990 [Democracy and the conquest of power: the elections in Serbia in 1990] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Zenit. ISBN 86-81987-06-2.
- ^ "Dve decenije višestranačja u Srbiji" [Two decades of multi-partyism in Serbia]. Radio Television of Vojvodina (in Serbian). 9 December 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Šverko, D.; Džafo, V. N.; Torov, M.; Radovanović, I.; Milojević, C. (16 January 1991). "Mandatar Dragutin Zelenović" [Dragutin Zelenović was given the mandate]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Stanojević, S.; Serenčeš, Ž.; Lazukić, B. (25 December 1990). "Pobeda sa dva gubitka" [A win with two losses]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 2. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Milivojević, Cvijetin (5–6 January 1991). "Četvortka trči premijerski krug" [The quartet runs for the prime minister]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 13. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Izabrana nova vlada" [The new government was elected]. Borba (in Serbian). 12 February 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Umro Miodrag Bulatović" [Miodrag Bulatović has died]. Borba (in Serbian). 16 March 1991. p. 4. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Šešelj u Parlamentu" [Šešelj in Parliament]. Borba (in Serbian). 1 July 1991. p. 28. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Šešelj i Karaklajić "trče" drugi krug" [Šešelj and Karaklajić "are running" in the second round]. Borba (in Serbian). 17 June 1991. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Torov, M.; Ilić, V.; Milivojević, C. (9 July 1991). "Srpski regruti samo u Jugoslaviji" [Serbian recruits only in Yugoslavia]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 9. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Ni potvrda – ni demanti" [Neither confirmation nor denial]. Borba (in Serbian). 7–8 December 1991. p. 5. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Marković ostaje, Zelenović odlazi" [Marković stays, Zelenović leaves]. Borba (in Serbian). 13 December 1990. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Premijer obećao promene" [The Prime Minister promised changes]. Borba (in Serbian). 24 December 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Vučićević, Dušan; Jovanović, Milan; Ilić, Vujo (2020). "Stranačko odmetanje narodnih poslanika u Srbiji 1990-2020" [Party defections of MPs in Serbia 1990-2020]. Kako, koga i zašto smo birali: izbori u Srbiji 1990-2020. godine [How, whom and why we elected: elections in Serbia 1990-2020] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Official Gazette. ISBN 9788674193327.
- ^ a b c Orlović, Slaviša; Kovačević, Despot (2020). Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji - (ne)naučene lekcije [Thirty years of renewed multipartyism in Serbia - (un)learned lessons] (in Serbian). Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Centre for Democracy, Hanns Seidel Foundation. ISBN 9788664250696.
- ^ Antić, Miloš (21 January 1992). ""Stara" postava (i) u novoj vlasti?" ["Old" line-up(s) in the new government?]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 8. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Pobuna u redovima socijalista" [Rebellion in the ranks of the Socialists]. Borba (in Serbian). 6–7 June 1992. p. 2. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Torov, M. (10 June 1992). "Distanciranje od kompromitovanih" [Distancing from the compromised]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 6. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Stamatović, S. P. (25 June 1992). "Nekritični sledbenici vođe" [Uncritical followers of the leader]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 13. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Milivojević, Cvijetin (2 July 1992). "Promene samo dogovorom" [Changes only by agreement]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 11. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "O isključenju iz novina" [About exclusion from the newspaper]. Borba (in Serbian). 10 July 1992. p. 7. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b Ilić, V.; Stamatović, S. P.; Torov, M. (18–19 July 1992). "Ministri ništa ne znaju" [Ministers know nothing]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 7. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
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- ^ a b Zelenbaba, Svetlana; Marjanović, Vladan (27 July 1992). "Stari program – novi početak" [Old program - new beginning]. Borba (in Serbian). p. 5. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Uverenja važnija od brojki" [Beliefs are more important than numbers]. Borba (in Serbian). 6 August 1992. p. 6. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Trijumf u prvom krugu" [Triumph in the first round]. Borba (in Serbian). 13 December 1990. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ "Socijalistima 194 mesta" [Socialists got 194 seats]. Borba (in Serbian). 26 December 1990. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2024.