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User:TinglesFrickinMap/sandbox/United States foodborne illness outbreak list rewrite

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The following is a chronological list of foodborne illness outbreaks that have occurred in the United States.

Pre-1970s

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Date Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
1919 Clostridium botulinum Black olives 35 N/A Traced to improperly canned black olives produced in California.[1]
1963 Michigan Clostridium botulinum Canned tuna fish 2 N/A Traced to the Washington Packing Corporation.[2]


1970s

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Date Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
1971 Westchester County, New York Clostridium botulinum Vichyssoise soup 1 1 On July 2, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a public warning after learning that a Westchester County, New York, man had died and his wife had become seriously ill from botulism after eating a portion of a can of Bon Vivant vichyssoise soup.[3][4] 6,444 vichyssoise soup cans were recalled, including all Bon Vivant soups – more than a million cans in all.[5] On July 7, the FDA ordered the shutdown of the company's Newark, New Jersey, plant. Out of 324 soup cans, five were found to be contaminated with botulinum toxin, all in the initial batch of vichyssoise that was recalled. The company filed for bankruptcy within a month of the start of the recall, and changed its business name to Moore & Co.[5] The FDA resolved to destroy the company's stock of canned soup, but the company fought the proposed action in court until 1974.[6]
1974 New Jersey Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Apple cider 200[7] Traced to De Piero's Farm in Montvale, New Jersey.[8]
1977 Michigan Clostridium botulinum Green peppers 0 59[9] Traced to the Trini and Carmen's restaurant in Pontiac, Michigan. The contaminated peppers were improperly canned at home by a former employee and were used in the hot sauce served at the restaurant.[10][11] Was considered the largest botulism outbreak in the country at the time.[9]
1978 Clovis, New Mexico Clostridium botulinum Unknown; possibly potato salad or three-bean salad 2 32 Thirty-four people who ate at the Colonial Park Country Club restaurant developed clinical botulism in the second-largest outbreak in United States history. The outbreak was traced to either potato salad or a commercially prepared three-bean salad served to a group attending a banquet. Despite a thorough search of the local landfill, the discarded three-bean salad containers were never located, making it impossible to test them to confirm the source of contamination. All patients were hospitalized and 33 received trivalent botulinal antitoxin.[12][13][14][15]

1980s

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Date Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
1984–1985 Southwestern Minnesota, adjacent areas in South Dakota and Iowa Thyrotoxicosis Ground beef N/A 121[16][17][18]
1984 The Dalles, Oregon Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Salad bar items 0 751 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack: Prominent followers of Rajneeshpuram leader Rajneesh intentionally contaminated salad bars at ten local restaurants in The Dalles in hopes of influencing the 1984 Wasco County election to get their candidates elected. This was the first bioterrorist attack in the United States and remains the largest in the country's history.[19]
1985 California Listeria monocytogenes Mexican style soft cheese 52[note 1][20][21] Traced to Jalisco Mexican Products and Alta-Dena Certified Dairy. Alta-Dena supplied the raw milk to Jalisco to make the cheese.[22] Jalisco had a non-licensed technician perform the pasteurization,[22] though pasteurized milk might have been diluted with non-pasteurized milk by the technician.[23] On July 15, 1989, Alta-Dena was absolved of any blame, and Jalisco would later shut down the same month.[24][25] At the time, this was the deadliest foodborne illness outbreak in the United States, measured by the number of deaths, since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had begun tracking outbreaks in the 1970s.[20]
1985 Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Milk 2–7[26][27] 16,284[27] Traced to Hillfarm Dairy in Melrose Park, Illinois. It was the worst outbreak of salmonellosis in United States history at the time.[27]

1990s

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Date Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
1992 New Jersey Clostridium botulinum Whitefish N/A 4 Contaminated fish was purchased in Jersey City.[28]
1992–1993 Seattle, Washington, California, Idaho,

Nevada

Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hamburger 4 732[29] 1992–1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak: Traced to undercooked hamburger patties made for the Monster Burger, which was in high demand. The outrage resulting from the deaths, all of which were of children, placed strong political pressure on Washington and resulted in new regulations from the USDA requiring a mandatory HACCP inspection system and microbial testing in meat processing plants.[30]
1994 El Paso, Texas Clostridium botulinum Potato dip 0 30 Traced to a Greek restaurant who made the dips with foil-wrapped baked potatoes that were improperly stored. Four of the 30 patients required mechanical ventilation.[31]
1994 Multiple states Salmonella Ice cream 224,000 estimated[32] Traced to Schwan's Sales Enterprises in Marshall, Minnesota. The contamination occurred when raw, unpasteurized eggs were hauled in a tanker truck that later carried pasteurized ice cream to the Schwan's plant. The ice cream premix was not re-pasteurized after delivery to the plant.[33][34]
May–June 1996 20 states, Washington, D.C. Cyclospora cayetanensis Raspberries 0 1465 Raspberries imported from Guatemala were implicated in the outbreak, though how the fruit was contaminated remains unknown. Two provinces in Canada were among the locations with reported cases of cyclosporiasis.[35]
May 28–June 27, 1996 Illinois, Connecticut, New York Escherichia coli O157:H7 Mesclun lettuce 0 61[36]
October 7–November 5, 1996 California, Colorado, Washington, British Columbia[37] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Unpasteurized apple juice 1 70 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak: American food company Odwalla used blemished fruit and ignored warnings from in-house safety experts and specialized in selling unpasteurized juices for their supposed health benefits, resulting in an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 that sickened 70 and killed a 16-month-old girl.[38][39]
December 1996–January 1997 Oysters [40]
March 1997 Arizona, California, Georgia, Iowa, Michigan, Tennessee Hepatovirus A Frozen strawberries 260+[41] Traced to Andrew & Williamson Sales Co. of San Diego, California. The strawberries were grown in Baja California, Mexico before being processed and fraudulently sold to the United States Department of Agriculture Food Program by A&W. Thousands of students were possibly exposed to the virus from eating strawberries in school lunches. Over 2.6 million pounds of strawberries were recalled.[42] Frederick L. Williamson, the president of the company, would be sentenced to five months in prison and an equal amount of time in home detention and the company would be ordered to pay a $200,000 fine on top of $150,000 in restitution for falsifying the origins of the strawberries.[41]
1998 Multiple states Listeria monocytogenes Hot dogs, cold cuts 15–21 80 Traced to the Sara Lee Corporation and its division Bil Mar Foods.[43] Considered the third deadliest outbreak of foodborne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started tracking in the 1970s, with 15 to 21 reported deaths and four to six miscarriages or stillbirths.[44][45][46]
1999 Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Muenchen Unpasteurized orange juice 1 400+[47][48] Traced to Sun Orchard in Tempe, Arizona. The juice was sold to restaurants, hotels, retail and catering outlets in fifteen states and two Canadian provinces under a variety of different brand names, including Sun Orchard, Earls, Joey Tomato's, Trader Joe's, Markon, Aloha, Sysco, and Voila![49][50] The outbreak is the largest outbreak of salmonellosis associated with unpasteurized juice.[51][52]
1999 Easton, New York Escherichia coli O157:H7 Water 2 700 Found in the drinking water from a well at the Washington County Fair; thought to have been contaminated from runoff cow manure.[53][54]

2000s

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Dates Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
2000
New Jersey Salmonella Mung bean sprouts 0 67 Traced to Pacific Coast Sprout Farms.[55] The seeds, imported from China and Australia, were not only contaminated, but were cleansed with only a tenth of the recommended amount of cleansing agent. Despite finding evidence of Salmonella contamination, the sprouts were not recalled until the outbreak spread.[56]
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef 1 65 The source of the outbreak was two Sizzler restaurants that apparently allowed raw meat to come into contact with other food items. The contaminated meat was traced to the Excel Corporation meat packing plant in Colorado.[57][58]
Oregon Escherichia coli O157:H7 Unknown, beef suspected 19[note 2] The cases were linked to a Wendy's restaurant, and although beef was the suspected vector of transmission, such a link was not conclusively shown.[59]
2002
California, Colorado, Michigan, South Dakota, Washington, Wyoming Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef 19 Traced to a ConAgra plant in Greeley, Colorado. The company recalled over 19 million pounds of ground beef it had manufactured, in the third largest recall in history.[60]
July Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania Listeria monocytogenes Turkey meat 8 54 Traced to Wampler Foods, a division of Pilgrim's Pride. The company recalled over 27 million pounds of poultry products it had manufactured, in the largest recall in history. Three miscarriages were additionally reported.[61][62]
July Western Alaska Clostridium botulinum (type E) Muktuk 8 Food was sourced from a beached beluga whale that had been estimated to have been dead for several weeks.[63]
August-September Multiple states Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef 0 57 The tainted meat originated at the meat packing plant Emmpak Foods, who recalled 2.8 million pounds of ground beef in the aftermath of the outbreak.[64]
2003
Ohio, Pennsylvania Hepatovirus A Green onions 4 640 Traced to a Chi-Chi's restaurant at the Beaver Valley Mall in Monaca, Pennsylvania.[65] One of the most widespread hepatitis A outbreaks in the country.[66]
2006
South Plainfield, New Jersey, Long Island, New York, Pennsylvania Escherichia coli O157:H7 Lettuce 0 71 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks: Traced to some Taco Bell locations.[67] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first believed the bacteria to be in the green onions. However, the FDA later said it could not confirm that scallions were the cause of the problem and that it was not ruling out any food as a possible culprit. It was later suspected that infected lettuce was the cause.[68]
September 14–October 6 Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[69] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Organic spinach 3 199 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach: The probable source of the outbreak was concluded to be Paicines Ranch, an Angus cattle ranch that leased land to Mission Organics, the company that grew the contaminated spinach.[70][71] Natural Selection Foods LLC, in San Juan Bautista and River Ranch Fresh Foods would recall spinach and spinach-related products due to the outbreak.[72][73] A woman in Ontario, Canada was among the reported infections.[74]
2007
January-October Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- Frozen pot pies 0 272[75] On October 11, food manufacturer ConAgra asked stores to pull its Banquet and generic brand chicken and turkey pot pies due to reports of salmonella poisoning in thirty-one states being linked to the consumption of ConAgra pot pies. By October 12, a full recall was announced, affecting all varieties of frozen pot pies sold under the brands Banquet, Albertson's, Food Lion, Great Value, Hill Country Fare, Kirkwood, Kroger, Meijer, and Western Family.[76]
August 2006–TBA Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Tennessee Peanut butter 0 425 Peter Pan and some Great Value brand peanut butter with product codes starting with "2111" were recalled by Conagra Brands. This was the first salmonella outbreak associated with peanut butter in the country's history.[77][78]
April–May Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef 0 14 Traced to meat packing company United Food Group of Vernon, California, who ultimately recalled 5.7 million pounds of potentially contaminated meat.[79][80][81]
July–August Indiana, Texas, Ohio Clostridium botulinum Canned chili sauce 8 Traced to Castleberry's Food Company of Augusta, Georgia. Inspections by FDA investigators at the company's facility found a number of deficiencies in the equipment such as inadequately-operated and administered equipment, procedures and system for thermal processing, a condensate bleeder that was not frequently checked enough nor had an automatic alarm system, and an improperly-adjusted temperature-recording device.[82] Over 25 different brands of a variety of products, including those from Austex and Kroger, were recalled.[83][84][85][86]
July 5–September 24 Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania Escherichia coli O157:H7 Frozen hamburger patties 0 40[87] Traced to the Topps Meat Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey. 21.7 million pounds of beef were recalled due to the outbreak, the second-largest beef recall in United States history at the time.[84][88]. Topps ceased operations on October 5.[89]
Massachusetts Listeria Milk, related products 3 2 Traced to the Whittier Farms dairy processing plant in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.[90] A miscarriage was attributed to the outbreak.[91]
2008
April 10–August 31 Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul Serrano and jalapeño peppers, tomato 1[note 3] 1,442[92] 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak: The rare Saintpaul serotype of Salmonella enterica caused over a thousand cases of salmonellosis 43 states throughout the United States and Canada. The Food and Drug Administration initially suspected that the contaminated food product was a common ingredient in fresh salsa, such as raw tomato, fresh jalapeño pepper, fresh serrano pepper, or fresh cilantro, eventually tracking a salmonella positive test to serrano peppers and irrigation water at a packing facility in Nuevo León, Mexico, and a grower in Tamaulipas.[93] At the time, it was the largest reported salmonellosis outbreak in the United States since 1985.
2009
Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Peanut butter, peanut products 9 714[note 4][94] 2009 Peanut Corporation of America recall: A salmonellosis outbreak originating from peanut butter produced by Peanut Corporation of America in Blakely, Georgia resulted in one of the most extensive foodborne illness outbreaks in history.[95] Criminal negligence was alleged after product tested positive then re-tested "negative" by a second testing agency, and shipped on several occasions.[96] The product was in turn used by dozens of other manufacturers in hundreds of other products which were promptly recalled. Peanut Corporation of America closed and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy due to the recalls, and its CEO, Stuart Parnell, was sentenced to 28 years in prison for his role in the outbreak.[97][98]
March–July Multiple states Escherichia coli O157:H7 Refrigerated cookie dough 0 77 Nestlé recalled 3.6 million packages of its Toll House cookie dough after the FDA reported there was a possibility that the outbreak might be a result of raw cookie dough consumption.[99] The products, which were originally believed to have been tainted, came from a Danville, Virginia, plant, though no E. coli O157:H7 has been found in the plant, according to the FDA.[citation needed] Contaminated flour was later named as the prime suspect for the outbreak. Of the 77 cases, 55 required hospitalization, and at least 10 cases of hemolytic–uremic syndrome were reported.[100][101][102]
Arizona, New Mexico Salmonella enterica serotype Newport Ground beef 2 Traced to Beef Packers, Inc. in Fresno, California, a subsidiary of Cargill. 22,723 pounds of beef were subsequently recalled.[103][104]

2010s

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Dates Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
2010
May–July New Jersey Salmonella Chicken eggs 0 3,578[105] 2010 United States salmonellosis outbreak: More than 500 million eggs were recalled after dangerous levels of Salmonella were detected in the eggs of two Iowa producers, Wright County Egg and Hillandale Farm, that distribute eggs in 14 U.S. states. Nearly 2,000 illnesses were reported between May and July, approximately 1,300 more than usual for this strain of the bacteria.[106] Jack DeCoster and Peter DeCoster plead guilty to the "distribution of adulterated eggs in interstate commerce," and Quality Egg "admitted to falsifying expiration dates on egg cartons" as well as to two attempts to bribe a USDA inspector[107] In August 2010, the company recalled 380 million eggs in connection with a salmonella outbreak, and a related company, Hillandale Farms, recalled 170 million eggs.[108]
2011
December 2010–March Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Washington, Wisconsin Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar Turkey burgers 0 12[109] Traced to turkey burgers produced by Jennie-O, who promptly recalled approximately 54,960 pounds of the products.[110][111] The specific serotype involved in the outbreak is known to be drug-resistant.[112]
January–July Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Agona Papayas 0 106 Traced to papayas imported from Mexico and distributed by Agromod Produce Inc. of McAllen, Texas, who voluntarily recalled all papayas sold before July 23 that year.[113][114]
February 27-November 11 Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Wisconsin[115] Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg Ground turkey products 1 136 On August 3, 2011, Cargill recalled 36,000,000 pounds of fresh and frozen ground turkey products produced at the company's Springdale, Arkansas, facility from February 20, 2011, through August 2, 2011, due to possible contamination from the Heidelberg serotype of Salmonella.[116][117][115]
June Multiple states Salmonella enterica serotype Panama Cantaloupe 20 In June 2011, twenty people fell ill from eating cantaloupe from Del Monte Fresh Produce infected with Salmonella Panama from Guatemala. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had found that eight of the people sickened had eaten cantaloupes purchased from Costco, and they used the purchase records to figure out that the food in common was cantaloupes, and they had come from the same Guatemalan farm.[118] Del Monte went to court to lift the import ban by the Food and Drug Administration.[119] An investigation found that a pipe carrying raw sewage emptied into an open ditch about 110 yards from the farm's packing house.[119]
July–October Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming Listeria monocytogenes Cantaloupe 33[120] 147 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak: An outbreak of listeriosis in 28 states was traced to Jensen Farms in Holly, Colorado.[121][122] After Listeria was confirmed at the company's main Colorado branch, the entire harvest of 300,000 cantaloupe were recalled, and Jensen Farms was made to temporarily shut down its processing plant.[123][124] This was the second-deadliest recorded outbreak in the country since the CDC began tracking outbreaks in the 1970s.[125][126]
July Oregon Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strawberries 1 15 Traced to Jaquith Strawberry Farm in Newberg, Oregon. The strawberries were sold to buyers who resold them at roadside stands and farmer's markets.[127][128] The source of the contamination was later traced to droppings left by deer roaming through the farm's fields.[129][130]
September Ohio Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef products 0 4 After four children in an Ohio family fell ill after consuming ground beef, with one requiring hospitalization, Tyson Fresh Meats, a subsidiary of Tyson Foods, recalled 131,300 pounds of ground beef products due to potential E. coli O157:H7 contamination.[131][132]
2012
April-July 26 Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia[133] Salmonella enterica serotype Bareilly; Salmonella enterica serotype Nchanga Raw, scraped tuna product 0 425 2012 outbreak of Salmonella: One of multiple outbreaks of Salmonella enterica that occurred worldwide in 2012 was traced to raw, scraped yellowfin tuna product made by Moon Marine USA Corporation of Cupertino, California.[134]
2012 outbreak of Salmonella:
June–September Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming[135] Salmonella enterica serotype Bredney Peanut butter 0 42[136] Traced to Sunland Inc., who voluntarily recalled various peanut and other nut butter products on September 24, 2012.[137] After further investigation, the recall was eventually expanded to include all 240 products manufactured at Sunland's production plant in Portales, New Mexico since March 1, 2010.[138] An inspection from FDA officials found salmonella in multiple locations in the plant and reported improper handling of the products, unclean equipment and uncovered trailers of peanuts outside the facility that were exposed to rain and birds.[139] On November 26, 2012, the FDA suspended Sunland's registration to produce and distribute food product, giving the company the right to a hearing and prove to the FDA that its facilities were clean and could reopen.[140][141] Sunland closed and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on October 9, 2013.[142]
October 18–November 12 Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia[143] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Organic spinach, spring mix 0 33 Traced to State Garden in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Cases of food poisoning began to be reported in the New York State area on October 18, 2012.[144]
2013
July–August Litchfield Park, Arizona Escherichia coli O157:H7 Unknown, potentially lettuce[145] 0 94[146] Traced to a Federico's Mexico Restaurant location in Litchfield Park. Of the 94 infected, at least 23 people were hospitalized in the outbreak, and at least two people developed hemolytic–uremic syndrome, the largest E. coli outbreak in the United States in several years.[147][148] Victims filed civil suits against Federico's parent company, Femex LLC, in Maricopa County Superior Court.[149][145]
2014
April–June 20 Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ground beef 0 12 Traced to Wolverine Packing Company in Detroit, Michigan, who recalled 1.8 million pounds of beef.[150][151][152]
2015
March–July 15 California, Connecticut, Maryland, Washington[153] Listeria monocytogenes Various frozen vegetables and fruit 3[note 5] 9 Traced to CRF Frozen Foods in Pasco, Washington, who recalled over 400 organic and traditional frozen food products sold under 40 different brands.[154][155][156]
August–September Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming[157] Salmonella enterica serotype Poona Cucumbers 6 907 Traced to cucumbers imported from Mexico and distributed by Andrew & Williamson Fresh Produce, who voluntarily recalled all cucumbers sold under the Limited Edition brand from August 1 to September 3.[158][159] Custom Produce Sales, who received the contaminated cucumbers from Andrew & Williamson Fresh Produce, would also recall all cucumbers sold under their Fat Boy brand starting August 1.[159]
October–November California, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington[160] Escherichia coli O26 Unknown 0 60 Traced to Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurant locations. The outbreak warranted the closing and sanitization of over 40 Chipotle restaurants across Washington and Oregon. The restaurants reopened after discarding all supplies and ordering fresh ingredients.[161] A second, smaller outbreak occurred in three states that lead to five cases and one hospitalization.[162]
2017
January 4–April 18 Arizona, California, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Illinois, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin[163] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Soy nut butter 0 32[164] Traced to Dixie Dew Products, Inc. of Erlanger, Kentucky. An FDA inspection of the company's facility revealed decrepit, unsanitary conditions and procedures such as apparent soy butter buildup coating the ceilings, floors and walls of the packaging and processing rooms in addition to standing water and filth in the latter room, a lack of hot water or hand soap at the processing rooms' handwashing sink, processing equipment and associated piping that had not been cleaned since 2015, and an infestation of flies in the quality control and product development laboratory.[165] In response to the findings, the FDA suspended the company's food facility registration on March 28, this preventing any food from entering or leaving the facility until the suspension was lifted.[166][167] The SoyNut Butter Company, the company that contracted Dixie Dew to manufacture its products, filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on May 27 of the same year, with I.M. Healthy and Dixie Dew also filing for bankruptcy.[168][169]
April California Clostridium botulinum Jalapeño cheese sauce 1 10 Traced to a jalapeño cheese sauce dispenser inside Valley Oak Food and Fuel in Walnut Grove, California, though no recall was issued for the product.[170] It was later determined by the California Department of Public Health that the contamination originated from improper use and handling of the cheese sauce and its dispenser at the location, with violations including not maintaining records of when cheese sauce bags were added to the warming unit, an expired bag of nacho cheese that was being used past its expiration date, and employees not using the provided tool to open the plastic bags on the dispenser and warming unit.[171]
2018
April Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin[172] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Romaine lettuce 5 210 An outbreak of Escherichia coli infections linked to Romaine lettuce from Yuma, Arizona prompted a multi-state investigation from the CDC and FDA alongside warnings to avoid eating or buying romaine lettuce until it was confirmed that the outbreak did not originate from the Yuma, Arizona growing region.[173][174] This warning was eventually lifted on May 22.[175] The source of the outbreak was eventually traced to contaminated water in a canal in Yuma, Arizona, though how the bacteria were introduced remains unknown.[176] A 2022 study estimated that the total societal loss from the romaine lettuce recall was in the range of $276–$343 million.[177]
October 7, December 4–January 9, 2019 California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin[178] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Romaine lettuce 0 62 Cases reported in the United States and Canada.[179] The outbreak was traced to a water reservoir on the property of an Adam Bros. Farming Inc. farm in Santa Barbara County, California, prompting recalls of red and green leaf lettuce and cauliflower.[180] This outbreak was separate from the previous outbreak traced to Yuma, Arizona.[181]

2020s

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Dates Locations Agent Affected foods Deaths Illnesses Description/Notes
2021
October Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming[182] Salmonella enterica serotype Thompson Seafood 0 115[183] Traced to Denver-based Northeast Seafood Products, who supplied seafood products to various grocery stores and restaurants, including Albertsons, Safeway, and Sprouts. Most people infected lived in or had traveled from Colorado.[184][185]
October Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[186] Salmonella enterica serotype Oranienburg Onions 0 1040 Traced to onions imported from the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Three brands of onions were recalled by Keeler Family Farms and ProSource Produce, who supplied the contaminated onions, in October.[187][188]
2023
August Washington Listeria monocytogenes Milkshakes 3 6 Traced to a Frugals restaurant location in Tacoma, Washington, where the bacteria was found in ice cream machines that were improperly cleaned.[189][190][191]
2024
February-June Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Texas, Wisconsin[192] Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Basil 0 36 Traced to Infinite Herbs of Miami, Florida.[193]
Late May–present Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin[194] Listeria monocytogenes Liverwurst, deli meats 10 59[195] 2024 United States listeriosis outbreak: An outbreak of listeriosis was linked to contaminated liverwurst sold by Boar's Head Provision Company, who ultimately recalled 7 million pounds of products produced at the company's facility in Jarratt, Virginia.[196][197][198][199] On September 13, the company announced that its Jarratt facility would close indefinitely and that it would discontinue its liverwurst products.[200][201][202]
May 23-September California, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin[203] Salmonella Chicken eggs 0 93 Traced to Milo’s Poultry Farms of Bonduel, Wisconsin, who recalled all eggs sold under their "Milo's Poultry Farms" and "Tony's Fresh Market" labels.[204]
October 22-present Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming[205] Escherichia coli O157:H7 Onions 1 90 Initially traced to Quarter Pounders served at McDonald's locations. Slivered onions provided by Taylor Farms for the locations were implicated as the suspected source of contamination. Beef patties were initially implicated as another suspect in the outbreak, though an investigation and traceback data showed little evidence of the beef being the source of the contamination.[206]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ includes 19 stillbirths and 10 infant deaths
  2. ^ 19 additional cases of E. coli infection were deemed likely connected to the outbreak, and 49 others were suspected
  3. ^ The outbreak is thought to have contributed to at least one additional death.
  4. ^ The estimated amount of salmonellosis cases are thought to be much higher, at approximately 22,500 cases.
  5. ^ One death was suspected to be due to listeriosis, but the remaining two deaths were not considered to have resulted from the disease.

References

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  1. ^ Connell, Joseph H. (2005). Sibbett, Steven; Ferguson, Louise (eds.). Olive Production Manual (2nd ed.). University of California. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-879906-14-3.
  2. ^ "Deaths Spur Tuna Hunt In Detroit Area". Toledo Blade. March 20, 1963. Retrieved 2011-10-10. Dr. Robert Solomon, who treated the second victim, said he and a pathologist attributed her death to "botulism" and that "everything points to type the ...
  3. ^ Lyons, Patrick J. (October 5, 2007). "In a Beef Packager's Demise, a Whiff of Vichyssoise". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
  4. ^ "Botulism Death in Westchester Brings Hunt for Soup". The New York Times. July 2, 1971. The death of a Westchester County man Wednesday night, apparently from botulism, and the serious illness of his wife has precipitated a nationwide search for 6,444 cans of vichyssoise marketed under the Bon Vivant label.
  5. ^ a b "An Examination of FDA's Recall Authority". Harvard Law School. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
  6. ^ Cook, Joan (June 14, 1974). "Bon Vivant yields on Dumping Soup. Bankrupt Canner Cites Cost of Long U.S. Suit and Age of Stocks Seized in 1971. Cans to Be Buried". New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
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Bibliography

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  • Bell, Chris; Kyriakides, Alec (April 2008). Salmonella: A Practical Approach to the Organism and its Control in Foods. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-470-99944-8.
  • Drexler, Madeline (23 December 2009). Secret Agents: The Menace of Emerging Infections (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-143-11717-9.
  • Foster, Tammy; Vasavada, Purnendu C., eds. (2003). Beverage Quality and Safety: Principles and Applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-587-16011-0.
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