User:ThisSpace/FunctionalGroups

Functional Groups

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Hydrocarbons

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Chemical class Group Formula Structural Formula Prefix Suffix Example
Alkane Alkyl RH   alkyl- -ane  
Ethane
Alkene Alkenyl R2C=CR2 alkenyl- -ene  
Ethylene
(Ethene)
Alkyne Alkynyl RC=CR'   alkynyl- -yne  
Acetylene
(Ethyne)
Benzene derivative Phenyl RC6H5
RPh
  phenyl- -benzene  
Cumene
(2-phenylpropane)
Toluene derivative Benzyl RCH2C6H5
RBn
  benzyl- 1-(substituent)toluene  
Benzyl bromide
(1-Bromotoluene)

Groups containing halogens

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Chemical class Group Formula Structural Formula Prefix Suffix Example
haloalkane halo RX   halo- alkyl halide  
Chloroethane
(Ethyl chloride)
chloroalkane chloro RCl   chloro- alkyl chloride  
Chloromethane
(Methyl chloride)

Groups containing oxygen

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Chemical class Group Formula Structural Formula Prefix Suffix Example
Acyl halide Haloformyl RCOX   haloformyl- -oyl halide  
Acetyl chloride
(Ethanoyl chloride)
Alcohol Hydroxyl ROH   hydroxy- -ol  
Methanol
Ketone Carbonyl RCOR'   keto-, oxo- -one  
Methyl ethyl ketone
(Butanone)
Aldehyde Aldehyde RCHO   aldo- -al  
Acetaldehyde
(Ethanal)
Carbonate Carbonate ester ROCOOR   alkyl carbonate
Carboxylate Carboxylate RCOO-  

 

carboxy- -oate  
Sodium acetate
(Sodium ethanoate)
Carboxylic acid Carboxyl RCOOH   carboxy- -oic acid  
Acetic acid
(Ethanoic acid)
Ether Ether ROR'   alkoxy- alkyl alkyl ether  
Diethyl ether
(Ethoxyethane)
Ester Ester RCOOR'   alkyl alkanoate  
Ethyl butyrate
(Ethyl butanoate)
Hydroperoxide Hydroperoxy ROOH   hydroperoxy- alkyl hydroperoxide  
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Peroxide Peroxy ROOR   peroxy- alkyl peroxide  
Di-tert-butyl peroxide

Groups containing nitrogen

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Chemical class Group Formula Structural Formula Prefix Suffix Example
Amide Carboxamide RCONR2   carboxamido- -amide  
Acetamide
(Ethanamide)
Amines Primary amine RNH2   amino- -amine  
Methylamine
(Methanamine)
Secondary amine R2NH   amino- -amine  
Dimethylamine
Tertiary amine R3N   amino- -amine  
Trimethylamine
4° ammonium ion R4N+   ammonio- -ammonium  
Choline
Azo compound Azo
(Diimide)
RN2R'   azo- -diazene  
Methyl orange
(p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
Nitrate Nitrate RONO2   nitrooxy-, nitroxy-

alkyl nitrate

 
Amyl nitrate
(1-nitrooxypentane)
Nitrile Nitrile RCN   cyano-

alkanenitrile
alkyl cyanide

 
Benzonitrile
(Phenyl cyanide)
Nitrite Nitrosooxy RONO   nitrosooxy-

alkyl nitrite

 
Isoamyl nitrite
(3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)
Nitro compound Nitro RNO2   nitro-    
Nitromethane