This is a Table of accused for 12 March 1993 Bombay Bombings Page:
Columns needed:
Role
Sl.....Name*.....Role in Blasts.....Charged**.....Verdict†.....Sentence.....Verdict sought.....Notes
- * Name- (with Aliases in line Breaks)
- **Charged- (under which sections of IPC)
- † Verdict- (Guilty or innocent under individual sections) For verdict, use G for "Guilty" and NG for "Not Guilty" (Innocent).
Charges
editSection 120(B) IPC- Criminal Conspiracy Section 3(2) TADA- Section 3(3) TADA-
The Accused
editPlanners
editG NG
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planners | |||||||
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Salim Rahim Shaikh | * Drove accused to Mahim Causeway * Present when RDX was being filled. |
* 302 IPC (murder) * 120(b) IPC (conspiracy) * 3(3) TADA (aiding and abetting a terrorist act) |
G | Life Sentence Rs 1.40 lakh fine |
Sentence Sought | [1][2] | |
Mubina Bhiwandiwala | Role | Charges | G | 5 yrs RI Rs 25,000 fine |
Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Zebunissa Qazi | Kept AK-56 assault rifles, ammunition and hand grenades at the behest of accused Anees Ibrahim Kaskar. |
Charges | G | 5 yrs RI Rs 1 lakh fine |
Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
Planters
editG NG
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Planters | |||||||
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Shoaib Ghansar (#09) | * Planted an RDX-laden scooter in Zaveri Bazaar * Filled RDX in the scooter the previous night at Al-Hussaini building. * Helped set off Sea Rock & Centaur Hotel Blasts |
120(B) IPC (Criminal Conspiracy) 3(2) TADA |
G | Death Sentence | Death Sentence | He is Asghar Mukadam's cousin | |
Asghar Mukadam | * Planted an RDX-laden van in Plaza Cinema with Shahnawaz Qureshi * Participated in the loading of RDX in vehicles, on March 11 * Collected money from Mulchand Shah * Facilitated disbursement of money to other accused |
Charges | G | Death Sentence | Death Sentence | Notes | |
Shahnawaz Qureshi | * Planted an RDX-laden van at Plaza Cinema * Guilty of undergoing arms training in Pakistan * Loaded contraband in Al-Hussaini building on March 11, 1993. * Participated in arms landing at Shekhadi |
Charges | G | Death Sentence | Death Sentence | Notes | |
Abdul Gani Turk | * Parked an RDX-laden jeep at Century Bazaar * Filling RDX in vehicles |
Charges | G | Death Sentence Rs 2.75 lakh fine |
Death Sentence | Notes | |
Parvez Naseer Shaikh | * Parked scooter bomb in Katha Bazaar * Planted bomb in Hotel Sea Rock |
Charges | G | Death Sentence Rs 6 lakh fine |
Death Sentence | Notes | |
Mohammed Iqbal | * Threw handgrenades in Sahar airport, * Parked an unexploded RDX-laden scooter in Naigaon * Obtained arms training in Pakistan, * Loaded RDX in vehicles on the night of March 11 |
Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Death Sentence | Notes | |
Mohammed Yusuf Shaikh | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Death Sentence | Notes | ||
Naseem Barmare | 120(B) (Criminal Conspiracy) | G | Life Sentence Rs 2.30 lakh fine |
Death Sentence | Notes | ||
Mohammed Farooq Pawale | Planting an RDX-laden car at Air-India building * Parking an RDX-laden van near Sena Bhavan with approver * Participated in arms training in Pakistan * Participated in the landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi |
Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Death Sentence | Notes | |
Mustaq Tarani | * Participated in a meeting at Hotel Taj Mahal. * Did a recce of the sites for the blasts. * Planting at Hotel Juhu Centaur * Planting an unexploded scooter at Sheikh Memen street in Zaveri Bazaar. |
Charges | G | Death Sentence Rs 4.12 lakh fine |
Death Sentence | Notes | |
Imtiaz Ghavate | * Planted unexploded RDX-laden scooter at Dhanji street. * Also participated in the landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi * Present when bombs were being readied. |
120(B) (Criminal Conspiracy) | G | Life Sentence Rs 2.27 lakh fine |
Sentence Sought | Prosecution has not sought the death sentence as he suffers from AIDS |
Landing Agents
editG NG
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landing Agents | |||||||
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Dawood Phanse | * Organising the Landing of arms and ammunition in Shekhadi * Attended a conspiracy meeting in Dubai with Dawood Ibrahim |
Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Dadabhai Parkar | * Landing at Shekhadi, * Showed training camps at Sandheri and Bhor Ghat, * Transportation of consignment |
Conspiracy | NG | Sentence | Life Sentence | Notes |
Customs Officers
editG NG
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Customs Officers | |||||||
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Somnath N. Thapa | Additional Customs Collector, preventive | 120(B) IPC 3(3) TADA (Conspiracy) |
G | Life Sentence Rs. 2 lakh fine |
Sentence Sought | CBI has asked for lesser sentence as he suffers from Lung Cancer | |
R K Singh | Asst. Commissioner of Customs * Facilitating RDX landing in Shekhadi * accepting bribe of Rs 7.8 lakh * Had meetings with the accused. |
Charges | G | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Mohammed Sultan, Sayyed | Customs Superintendent * Facilitating RDX landing in Shekhadi * accepting bribe of Rs 7.8 lakh * Had meetings with the accused. |
Charges | G | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Jaywant Gurav | Customs Inspector * Allowed passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai |
Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
S S Talwadekar | Customs Superintendent * Allowed passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai |
Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
Policemen
editG NG
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Policemen | |||||||
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Vijay Patil | Police Sub-Inspector *Conspiracy * Allowed passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai |
Conspiracy | G | Life Sentence Rs 1 lakh fine |
Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Ashok Muleshwar, P M Mahadik, Ramesh Mali, S Y Palshikar |
Police Constables * Allowed passage of RDX & arms from Raigad to Mumbai. |
Charges | Verdict | 6 yrs RI Rs 25,000 fine |
Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes | |
India EUR |
utility helicopter | SA 316B Chetak | 300 | built by HAL | |||
India | utility helicopter | SA 315B Cheetah | 48 | built by HAL |
List Of Blasts
editSl. No. | Time | Location | Type of Bomb | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1:30 pm | Bombay Stock Exchange Basement Car Parking |
Car Bomb | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
8. | 2.25 pm | Air India Building | Type | 20 | 84 | Mohammed Farooq Pawale | Notes |
2. | 2.45 pm | Worli Passport Office | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
3. | 3.05 pm | Zaveri Bazaar | Scooter Bomb | 17 | 57 | Shoaib Ghansari | Notes |
4. | 3.13 pm | Plaza Cinema Entrance |
Car bomb | 10 | 37 Injured; Rs 87 lakh Damage |
Asghar Mukadam Shahnawaz Qureshi |
Notes |
5. | Time | Century Bazaar | Jeep / RDX placed under a manhole | 113 | 227 Injured | Abdul Gani Turk | Notes |
6. | Time | Katha Bazaar | Scooter | 4 | ; | Parvez Shaikh | Notes |
7. | Time | Hotel Sea Rock | Type | No dead | Rs 9 crore Damage |
Parvez Shaikh | Notes |
9. | Time | Hotel Juhu Centaur | Suitcase Bomb | No dead | 3 Injured; Rs 2.10 crore Damage |
Mustaq Tarani | Notes |
10. | Time | Zaveri Bazaar Sheikh Memon St. |
Type | Unexploded | Mustaq Tarani | Notes | |
11. | Time | Dhanji St. | Type | Unexploded | Imtiaz Ghavate | Notes | |
12. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
13. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
Sl. No. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
Sl. No. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
Sl. No. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
Sl. No. | Time | Location | Type | Dead | Injured | Planters | Notes |
Bombay Stock Exchange,
Air India Building,
Near Shiv Sena Bhawan,
Plaza Cinema
Suitcases
Hotel Sea Rock,
Hotel Juhu Centaur
Hotel Airport Centaur
Grenades
Sahar International Airport
Fishermen ’s Colony, Mahim
Other Places
Zaveri Bazar,
Sheikh Memon Street
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-accused-and-punishment-in-the-mumbai-blast-case/article7481121.ece http://cbi.nic.in/fromarchives/bombayblast/mumblast.php
Sandbox example
editAccused No. | Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planners | |||||||
Accused No. | Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
Aérospatiale Alouette III | India Europe |
utility helicopter | SA 316B Chetak | 300 | built by HAL | ||
Aérospatiale Lama | India | utility helicopter | SA 315B Cheetah | 48 | built by HAL |
Reference tables
edit1. Standard Reference Table
editSl. No. | Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planners | |||||||
Accused No. | Name | Role | Charges | Verdict | Sentence | Sentence Sought | Notes |
Aérospatiale Alouette III | India Europe |
utility helicopter | SA 316B Chetak | 300 | built by HAL | ||
Aérospatiale Lama | India | utility helicopter | SA 315B Cheetah | 48 | built by HAL |
2. From Indian Air Force#Helicopters:
editAircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service[3] | Squadrons[3] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aérospatiale Alouette III | France India |
utility helicopter | SA 316B Chetak | 92 | 111, 116, 141SSS F, 142SSS F, HTS | 60 built by HAL |
Aérospatiale Lama | France India |
utility helicopter | SA 315B Cheetah | 24 | 114, 131F, 132F | built by HAL |
Mil Mi-17 | Russia | utility helicopter | Mi-17-1V | 0 | 112 HU | 80 ordered, deliveries underway |
Mil Mi-8 | Soviet Union Russia |
transport helicopter | Mi-8 Mi-17 |
82 52 |
105, 107, 109, 110, 112, 118, 119, 121, 122F 127, 128, 129, 130, 152, 153 |
List of Accused
editMany hundreds of people were arrested and detained in Indian courts. In 2006, 100 of the 129 finally accused were found to be guilty and were convicted by the specially designated TADA court. Many of the 100 are still missing including the main conspirators and masterminds of the attacks - Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim. On September 12, 2006, the special TADA court hearing the case convicted four members of the Memon family for their involvement in the 1993 Bombay bombings.[4]
Three other members of the Memon family were acquitted by the special TADA court with the judge giving them the benefit of doubt.[4] The four members of the Memon family are being held after being found guilty on charges of conspiring and abetting acts of terror.[5] All four of them face jail terms from five years in prison to life imprisonment, that will be determined based on the severity of their crime.[4] A day later, the TADA court announced that it would start pronouncing the verdict of the thirty-one people charged with transporting and planting bombs.
Yakub Memon, the brother of prime accused Tiger Memon, was charged for possession of unauthorised arms. After the blasts, family members of Tiger, including Yakub, escaped from Bombay to Dubai and Pakistan. Correspondents say Tiger Memon owned a restaurant in Bombay and was allegedly closely associated with Dawood Ibrahim, the chief suspect.[6]
Except for Tiger and his brother Ayub, the entire family returned back to India and were prompty arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation in 1994. Since then, Yakub has been in custody and is undergoing treatment for depression. The Memon family was subsequently tried in court and found guilty of conspiracy. The defense lawyers have asked for leniency in the sentencing and have caused delays in the process.[6]
Dawood Ibrahim, believed to have masterminded the terrorist attacks, was the former Don of the Mumbai organized crime syndicate D-Company, largely consisting of Muslims. He is suspected of having connections to several Islamic terrorist groups,[7] such as al-Qaeda and it's leader, Osama bin Laden,[8] as well as Lashkar-e-Toiba[9] and was declared a terrorist by the governments of India and the United States in 2003. Ibrahim is now wanted by Interpol as a part of the worldwide terror syndicate of Osama bin Laden.[10] He has been in hiding since the blasts and is believed to be hiding in Pakistan, which the Pakistani government denies.[11] The Bush administration in the United States imposed sanctions on Ibrahim in 2006.[12]
The penalty stage of the longest running trial in India's history is still ongoing. In February 2007, prosecutors asked for the death penalty for forty-four of the hundred convicted. The prosecution also requested the death penalty for those convicted of conspiracy in the case.[13]
The Memons
Yakub Memon has spent about 13 years in prison prosecution has sought the death sentence * Convicted for conspiracy * Arranging finance and managing its disbursement through co-accused, Mulchand Shah and from a firm, Tejarath International, owned by absconding accused, and brother, Ayub Memon to achieve objectives of conspiracy * Arranged for air tickets through Altafali Mushtaqali Sayyed, East West travels for the youths who were sent for arms and ammunition training to Pakistan. Also made arrangements for their lodging and boarding * Purchased motor vehicles which were used while planting bombs * Requested co-accused, Amjadali Meherbux and Altafali Sayyed, to store suitcases containing arms, ammunition, hand grenades and detonators
Essa and Yusuf Memon,brothers of Yakub
* Both charged for allowing their flat in Al-Hussaini building, Mahim to be used for terrorist activities * Essa has already spent about 12 years in prison * Yusuf is a patient of schizophrenia, but has spent less than a year in prison. * For both Essa and Yusuf, the prosecution has sought the death sentence * Rubeena her Maruti car was the first piece of evidence in the trial. The prosecution has sought a lesser sentence for her
The Planters
Prosecution has sought the death sentence for all except Imtiaz Ghavate as he suffers from AIDS. The prosecution has sought a lesser sentence for him.
Shoiab Ghansar planted an RDX-laden scooter in Zaveri Bazaar that killed 17 and injured 57 others * He was also guilty of filling RDX in the scooter the previous night at Al-Hussaini building. He is Asghar Mukadam's cousin Asghar Mukadam planted an RDX-laden van in Plaza Cinema with Shahnawaz Qureshi that killed 10 and injured 37 others * Participated in the loading of RDX in vehicles, on March 11 * Collected money from Mulchand Shah and facilitating disbursement of money to other accused Shahnawaz Qureshi planted an RDX-laden van at Plaza Cinema with Asghar Mukadam, killing 10 and injuring 37others * Guilty of taking arms training in Pakistan via Dubai and of loading the contraband in Al-Hussaini building on March 11, 1993. Abdul Gani Turk guilty of parking RDX-laden jeep at Century Bazaar killing 113 and injuring 227 * Filling RDX in vehicles killing 113 and injuring 227 Parvez Shaikh guilty of parking bomb in Katha Bazaar killing four * Guilty of planting bomb in Hotel Sea Rock, destroying property worth nine crores Mohammed Iqbal Mohammed Yusuf Shaikh convicted for throwing handgrenades in Sahar airport; parking an unexploded RDX-laden scooter in Naigaon * Obtaining arms training in Pakistan, loading RDX in vehicles on the night of March 11 Naseem Barmare guilty of hurling handgrenades at Sahar airport, parking unexploded scooter at Naigaum, taking training in Pakistan Mohammed Farooq Pawale planting an RDX-laden car at Air-India building killing 20 and injuring 84. * Parking an RDX-laden van near Sena Bhavan with approver killing 4 and injuring 50 * Participated in arms training in Pakistan * Participated in the landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi Mustaq Tarani participated in a meeting at hotel Taj Mahal. He did a recce of the sites for the blasts. * Planting at Hotel Juhu Centaur injuring 3 and causing loss of property worth Rs 2.10 crore * Planting an unexploded scooter at Sheikh Memen street in Zaveri Bazaar Imtiaz Ghavate only one who does not face death planted unexploded RDX-laden scooter at Dhanji street. He also participated in the landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi
Accused involved
Mohammed Moin Qureshi, Feroz Amani Malik, Bashir Khairulla, Zakir Hussain, Abdul Akhtar Khan had pelted handgrendes in Mahim Causeway causing three deaths and injuring six. The driver Salim Shaikh, did not pelt any handgrenades Bashir Khairulla convicted for his participation in arms, ammunition and explosives training conducted by Tiger Memon in Sandheri and Bhorghat * Convicted for participating in the conspirator's meetings in the house of Mubina Baya and for participating in the filling of RDX in the vehicles Zakir Hussain was convicted for participating in the arms, ammunition and weapon training in Pakistan, for participating in conspirator's meetings and participating in the filling of RDX Abdul Akhtar Khan convicted for taking arms, ammunition and explosives training in Pakistan. Firoz Amani Malik convicted for taking arms, ammunition and explosives training in Pakistan Moin Qureshi convicted for participating in the arms, ammunition and explosives training, participating in the conspirator's meeting and participating in the filling of RDX in vehicles on March 11. * Was also found guilty for being in possession of 17 handgrenades.
Landing agents
Dawood Phanse in his 60s, he is guilty of conspiracy. Guilty of organising the landing of arms and ammunition in Shekhadi; attending a conspiracy meeting in Dubai with Dawood Ibrahim Dadabhai Parkar landing at Shekhadi, showed training camps at Sandheri and Bhor Ghat, transportation of consignment, * Acquitted of conspiracy, the prosecution has sought life imprisonment
Customs
S N Thapa, former additional customs collector, preventive * Guilty of conspiracy. He got information about the landing at Shekhadi and that the main exit point could be in Mhasla Shrivardhan area. He laid a trap at Purarphata on Mhasla-Goregaon road on January 30. Besides that, his team gave up the vigil after February 2 in spite of the warnings. However, the CBI has asked for lesser sentence as he suffers from cancer R K Singh, Former assistant commissioner of customs, * convicted for facilitating RDX landing in Shekhadi after accepting bribe of more than 7.8 lakh Rupees. * Had meetings with the accused. Mohammed Sultan, Sayyed former customs superintendent. * Convicted for facilitating RDX landing in Shekhadi after accepting bribe of more than 7.8 lakh. * Had attended meetings with the accused. Jaywant Gurav former customs inspector. * Convicted for allowing passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai S S Talwadekar, former customs superintendent. * Convicted for allowing passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai
Policemen
Vijay Patil, ex police sub-inspector * Guilty of conspiracy and taking bribe to allow passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai * Has been sentenced to life imprisonment and 1 lakh rupees fine by TADA court on 22 May 2007 Ashok Muleshwar, P M Mahadik, Ramesh Mali, S Y Palshikar; Police Constables * Guilty of allowing passage of RDX of arms from Raigad to Mumbai. * All four sentenced by TADA court to six years' imprisonment and a fine of Rs 25,000 each on May 21,2007
Sanjay Dutt and friends
Sanjay Dutt convicted under Arms Act for possession of three AK-56 rifles, a pistol Yusuf Nulwalla convicted for trying to destroy Sanjay's arms Kersi Adajenia convicted for trying to destroy Sanjay's arms Rusi Mulla convicted for trying to destroy Sanjay's arms
All four have been convicted under Arms Act and have applied for release under Probation of offenders Act
Others
Zaibunnisa Kadri guilty for storing AK-56 and handgrendes at the instance of Anees Ibrahim and Abu Salem she faces a minimum of five years RI Mansoor Ahmed convicted for carrying weapons from Sanjay Dutt's house to co-accused's house has already spent 9 years in prison Samir Hingora convicted for conspiracy. For supplying 3 AK-56 rifles, its magazines and ammunition, hand grenades to Sanjay Dutt's residence at told to by Anis Ibrahim. Prosecution has sought the death sentence Ibrahim Musa Chauhan alias Baba Chauhan convicted for supplying AK-56 rifles, its magazines, ammunition, and hand grenades to Sanjay Dutt and Salim Kurla as told to by Anis Ibrahim. He was also convicted for being in unauthorised possession of one AK 56 rifles, 635 ammunition, 10 magazines, and 25 handgrenades, which were recovered by the police Ejaz Pathan extradited from Dubai in 2003, participated in Dubai meetings, provided men for landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi, for being in possession of arms and sending youth to Dubai for arms training
Referenced from [14]
Sources
edit- http://www.ibnlive.com/news/93-blasts-memons-sister-jailed/42899-3.html
- http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=376918&sid=REG&ssid=
- http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=241269
- http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/06_2007/93-blast-accused-ejaz-pathan-dead-42960.html
- http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=377116&sid=NAT&ssid=
- Mumbai+blasts+convict+Ejaz+Pathan+dies
- [
- [
- [
References
edit- ^ DNA India Report, June 14 2007; "'93 blasts: Lifer for one, five yrs RI for 2 women"
- ^ The Hindu, June 14, 2007, Double life term for conspirator, two women get 5-year terms
- ^ a b Indian Air Force Fleet Page [Bharat-Rakshak.com.
- ^ a b c "1993 Mumbai blasts: Four of Memon family convicted". Rediff.com. September 12, 2006. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "'93 verdict: 4 of Memon family guilty". CNN IBN. September 12, 2006. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ a b "Mumbai bombing sentencing delay". BBC News. September 13, 2006. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "U.S. Designates Dawood Ibrahim as Terrorist Supporter". United States Department of the Treasury. October 16, 2003. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ Robert Windrem (July 11, 2006). "Possible al-Qaida link to India train attacks". MSNBC. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "Dawood Ibrahim is a global terrorist: US". Rediff.com. October 17, 2003. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ Vishwa Mohan (April 8, 2006). "Interpol sends special notice against Dawood Ibrahim". The Times of India. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "Here is all the addresses of global terrorist Dawood Ibrahim in Pakistan : will Interpol act?". India Daily. July 7, 2006. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "Bush administration imposea sanctions on India's most wanted criminal Dawood Ibrahim". India Daily. June 2, 2006. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ "Prosecutors Ask for Death Penalty for 44 in 1993 Mumbai Bombings". Voice of America News. February 15, 2007. Retrieved on March 16, 2007
- ^ http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=236913