Missing articles related to languages, writing, speech and communication
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Terminology
edit- Abdominal abstract noun - ()
- Absolute form - ()
- absolute implicational universals - ()
- absolute non-implicational universal - ()
- Abstract variable - ()
- Accommodation (linguistics) - ()
- Act of identity - ()
- additive bilingualism - ()
- Adversative relation - ()
- Affective meaning - ()
- Affective variable - ()
- agrammation - ()
- Analogic creation - ()
- Analogical extension - ()
- Anaphoric substitute - ()
- Annotations Projection - ()
- approximate system - ()
- Approximatic system - ()
- ascribed bilingual, early bilingual - ()
- Assignment coordinate - ()
- Associate meaning - ()
- Associational mode - ()
- Asyllabic asyllable - ()
- Auxiliary contrasting - ()
- balanced lingualism, equilinqualism, symmetrical bilingualism - ()
- Basic level terms - ()
- Beaufort language hypothesis - ()
- bidialectalism, bidialectis - ()
- Bilingual syntax measure - ()
- biunivosity - ()
- Calendrical - ()
- Category symbol - ()
- Clozentropy - ()
- Co-occurrence rule Co-occurrence rules - () / ()
- Codability - ()
- Coding time - ()
- cognitive organizer - ()
- cognitive pruning - ()
- Common syllable - ()
- Compositionality (semantics) - ()
- compound bilingualism - ()
- Concealable - ()
- concept orientation - ()
- conceptual transfer - ()
- Concode - ()
- Conditional relevance - ()
- confutation - ()
- Conjunctive interpretation - ()
- Consistency rule - ()
- Consonant class - ()
- Consonant culture - ()
- Consonantal trigraph - ()
- Constative - ()
- Constituent identification - ()
- Constituent structure - ()
- Contextual language approach - ()
- Contrastive discourse analysis - ()
- Controlled composition - ()
- conversational implicative - ()
- coordinate bilingual, composed bilingualism - ()
- Customary phraseology - ()
- Cycle (linguistics), transformational cycle - ()
- Decontextualization - ()
- Deictic projection - ()
- Deictic role - ()
- Demonstrative reference - ()
- Density of communication - ()
- Description function - ()
- Dictionary method - ()
- Dicto-comp - ()
- Directional concept - ()
- Discourse literacy - ()
- Discourse processing - ()
- Discourse saliency - ()
- Discourse structure - ()
- Discreteness (linguistics) - ()
- Disjunct marker - ()
- Disjunctional syntagm - ()
- Displaced interaction - ()
- Dispreferred - ()
- Distribution (linguistics) - ()
- Dominate speaker - ()
- Drainpipe view - ()
- early bilingual, ascribed bilingual - ()
- ejectiv - ()
- Elegant repetition - ()
- Eliciting exchange - ()
- ellipted information – ()
- Embedded evaluation - ()
- Embedding repetition - ()
- Emic/etic - ()
- Emotive language, referential language - ()
- Empathetic deixis - ()
- Endonormative - ()
- Error gravity - ()
- Evaluation measure, evaluation procedure - ()
- Exoclossic - ()
- Exonormative - ()
- External adversative - ()
- External deviation - ()
- External negation - ()
- Externalist referential meaning - ()
- externalized language - ()
- Extralinguistic - ()
- Facility value - ()
- Familiar form - ()
- final lengthening - ()
- Floating element - ()
- Focal scale - ()
- Foreground information, foregrounded information - ()
- Form word - ()
- Formal language approach - ()
- Formal link - ()
- Formal universal - ()
- Frequency count - ()
- Frequency polygon - ()
- Functional perspective - ()
- Gambler's phonology - ()
- Generative wager - ()
- Genre-scheme - ()
- Global error - ()
- Gradable pair - ()
- haphology - ()
- Heterodiegetic - ()
- Homodiagetic - ()
- Hypotheticality - ()
- iconic communication - ()
- Ideational - ()
- illocutionary intent - ()
- Imaginative function - ()
- Implicit possession - ()
- Inarticulate - ()
- Incidental explicit - ()
- Incidental implicit - ()
- Included position - ()
- Indicated object coordinate - ()
- Instantial relation - ()
- Instrument-achievement - ()
- Instrumental function - ()
- Inter-discoursal - ()
- Interactional function - ()
- Interchangeability (linguistics) - ()
- Intergroup communication - ()
- Internal adversative - ()
- Internal deviation - ()
- Internal negation - ()
- Interpersonal functional-semantic component - ()
- Interpretative semantics - ()
- Intralingual error - ()
- Intuition (linguistics) - ()
- isochromy - ()
- Kinetic consonant - ()
- L-tense - ()
- Language difference - ()
- Language ego - ()
- Language enrichment - ()
- Language pathology - ()
- Language pollution - ()
- Language potential - ()
- Language shock - ()
- Language switch - ()
- Language zone - ()
- language-as-subject - ()
- languaging - ()
- Law of centripetal articulatory shift - ()
- Lexical polarization - ()
- Linguistic pluralism - ()
- Linguistic precocity - ()
- Linguistic reductionism - ()
- Linguistic stock - ()
- Linguistic unit - ()
- Local error - ()
- Macro-structure, genre-scheme, discourse structure, rhetorical structure - ()
- Macrorule - ()
- Marked polarity - ()
- masking level - ()
- masking-level difference (MLD) - ()
- Maximum masking level - ()
- Meaning potential - ()
- Meaning-in - ()
- Military metaphor - ()
- Misapprehension sequence - ()
- Miscue - ()
- Mixed terminology - ()
- Monosyllable word - ()
- Monotopical - ()
- Morpheme boundary - ()
- Morphological regularization - ()
- Multi-exophoric - ()
- Narrow scope - ()
- Nativized - ()
- Negated antonym paraphrase - ()
- Negated higher gradient paraphrase - ()
- Negative dialectics - ()
- neologistic output - ()
- Nominal metaphor - ()
- Non-detachable - ()
- Non-fluency features non-fluency feature - ()
- non-implicated universal tendancity - ()
- Number concord - ()
- Obligatory context - ()
- Observably oriented to features - ()
- Observation sentence - ()
- Optional sandhi - ()
- orders of animacy - ()
- Overlexicalization - ()
- Parable (language) - ()
- Paradigm (linguistics) - ()
- Paralinguistic features - ()
- paraphrastic variation - ()
- Paratone - ()
- Particular implicature - ()
- Patavinity - ()
- Performative analysis, performative hypothesis - ()
- Personal function - ()
- Personal idiom - ()
- Phenomenon-example - ()
- Phrase-structure component base component - ()
- Picture-words - ()
- Place co-ordinate place coordinate - ()
- Polosyllabic - ()
- position-independent error rate (PER) - ()
- Possible-world co-ordinate - ()
- Postponed subject - ()
- Pragmatic error - ()
- Pragmatic inference - ()
- Pre-sequence - ()
- Preference organization - ()
- Presentation stage - ()
- Presupposition pool - ()
- Previous discourse coordinate - ()
- Primitive language - ()
- Principle of informativeness - ()
- Principle of local interpretation - ()
- Principle of reversal - ()
- Proactive tendencies proactive tendency - ()
- Production stage, transfer stage - ()
- Projection problem - ()
- Prominent syllable - ()
- Promixal - ()
- Prompting - ()
- Property of implicature - ()
- Prosodic feature - ()
- Prosodic signal - ()
- Public language - ()
- Puncept – ()
- Pure language - ()
- Quantity mark - ()
- Questioning repeat - ()
- Rational maximizing - ()
- Reactive tendencies reactive tendency - ()
- Reactivity effect - ()
- Receipt of anticipated information - ()
- Receipt of unanticipated information - ()
- Recursive rule - ()
- reflective style - ()
- Regulatory function - ()
- Reinforceable - ()
- Relational concept - ()
- Relational information - ()
- restrictive simplification - ()
- restructuring continuum - ()
- Rhythmicality - ()
- Saussurean terms - ()
- Scalar predicate - ()
- Segmental phoneme - ()
- Semantic atomism - ()
- Semantic marker - ()
- semantic paralexia - ()
- Semantic parallelism - ()
- Semantic presupposition - ()
- Semantic reference - ()
- Semantic unity - ()
- Semilingual, semilingualism - ()
- semilingualism - ()
- Sense relations - ()
- Sentence frame – ()
- Sentence meaning, utterance meaning - ()
- Sequence code - ()
- Sequencing rules - ()
- Similect - ()
- Situationality - ()
- slip of a tongue (SOT) - ()
- Sound parallelism - ()
- Speaker co-ordinate, speaker coordinate - ()
- Speaker state signal - ()
- Special vocabulary - ()
- Starred form - ()
- Static consonant - ()
- Story schema - ()
- Structural explicit - ()
- Structural implicit - ()
- Structure-dependence - ()
- Subject-prominent language - ()
- Substantive universal - ()
- Subtractive - ()
- Suprasegmental phonology - ()
- Surface semantic code - ()
- Surrogate language - ()
- Syntagmatic relations syntagmatic relation - ()
- Tactic form - ()
- Tectogrammatical representation - ()
- Temporal relation - ()
- Textual function - ()
- Textual functional-semantic component - ()
- Thocarian - ()
- threaded discourse - ()
- Threshold level - ()
- Time co-ordinate, time coordinate - ()
- topic shift - ()
- Total feedback - ()
- Transfer stage - ()
- Transformational probabilities - ()
- transitional construction - ()
- Triliteralism triliterality - ()
- ultimate attainment - ()
- Unbiased comment - ()
- Underlexicalization - ()
- Underlying pattern - ()
- Unit code - ()
- unsymbolic communication - ()
- Usage labels Usage label - ()
- Utterance act - ()
- Utterance meaning - ()
- Variable syllable - ()
- Verbal association - ()
- Verbal coding - ()
- Wide scope - ()
- Word accent - ()
- Wrenched accent - ()
- Zero alternant – ()
Linguistic specialties
edit- Behaviorism in linguistics - ()
- Comparative and historical linguistics - ()
- Correlational sociolinguistics - ()
- Dynamic linguistics - ()
- Educational linguistics - ()
- Empiricism in linguistics - ()
- Frame (linguistics) - ()
- Historical phonetics - ()
- Linguistics statistics - ()
- macro-sociolinguistics - ()
- Natural-response theory of language - ()
- Oriental philology - ()
- Performative theory of negation, speech act theory of negation - ()
- Phonetism - ()
- Phoniatric acoustics - ()
- Physiological phonetics - ()
- Rationalism in linguistics - ()
- Related linguistics – ()
- systematic analysis of language transcription - ()
Morphology
editTheories
edit- absolute expression theory - ()
- active knowledge adaptive control of thought model, ACT mode - ()
- attention-processing model - ()
- autonomous induction theory - ()
- creative Construction Hypothesis (CCH) - ()
- Darmesteter's law - ()
- Deficit hypothesis, verbal deficit hypothesis - ()
- derivational theory of complexity, correspondence hypothesis - ()
- Developmental interdependence hypothesis - ()
- Difference hypothesis - ()
- dual-role model - ()
- Educational linguistics - ()
- ethnolinguistic identity theory - ()
- Failed Functional Features Hypothesis - ()
- Family tree theory, pedigree theory - ()- ()
- Firthian linguistics - ()
- functionalist model - ()
- Fundamental Difference Hypothesis - ()
- Gass' model of second language acquisition - ()
- generative theory - ()
- genetic hypothesis of language - ()
- Gestural theory - ()
- Gradual Diffusion Model - ()
- Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - ()
- inter-group model, inter-group theory - ()
- Interpretive semantics - ()
- L2=L1 hypothesis, identity hypothesis - ()
- Language and music - ()
- Linguistic model - ()
- LLMM theory - ()
- Macro-sociolinguistics - ()
- Markow theory - ()
- Meiosis (linguistics) - ()
- mentalist theory - ()
- Micro-sociolinguistics - ()
- Musical basis of language - ()
- Myoelastic theory of voice production- ()
- native language magnet model - ()
- Nativistic theory - ()
- nativization model, nativization hypothesis, nativization theory - ()
- natural language paradigm - ()
- Neurochronaxic theory of vocal cord vibration- ()
- non-interface hypothesis, non-interface position, non-interface nodel - ()
- Onomatopoeic theory - ()
- Para-linguistics - ()
- parallel Distributed Processing Model, PDP model - ()
- Phonemic analysis - ()
- Pidginization hypothesis - ()
- Semiotic system - ()
- Sing-song theory - ()
- Social psychology of language - ()
- socio-psycholinguistic model - ()
- Sound change theory, substratum theory, substratum theory of sound change - () / () / ()
- Subtraction theory of sound change - ()
- Theory of setting selection - ()
- theory of signal detection (TSD) - ()
- Three-function theory of language or Three-function theory - () / ()
- Tree-stem theory, family tree theory - () / ()
- variable Competence Model - ()
- Verbal deficit hypothesis deficit hypothesis – ()
- Vocabulary interface hypothesis – ()
Linguistic processes
edit- Intimate borrowing - ()
- Iteration of words - ()
- Ladinoization - ()
- Linguistic shift - ()
- Mother Tongue Influence - ()
Use of language
edit- Academic language - ()
- Attributive use - ()
- Cascaded metaphor - ()
- Complex genre - ()
- Complex nominal phrase - ()
- Courting talk - ()
- Current relevance - ()
- Distraction talk - ()
- Elevated language - ()
- Embolophrasia, speech-starting phrases - ()
- Emotive language - ()
- Enhanced wording - ()
- Equivalent paraphrase - ()
- External speech - ()
- Female speech - ()
- Feminine language - ()
- Financial planning language - ()
- Fixed response item, closed-ended response - ()
- Foreigner talk, shouting at foreigners - ()
- Frustrated attribution - ()
- Frustrated coupling - ()
- Frustrated efficient cause - ()
- Frustrated facility, frustrated ability - ()
- Frustrated final cause - ()
- Frustrated intend - ()
- Frustrated modality - ()
- Frustrated obligation - ()
- Frustrated overlap - ()
- Frustrated succession - ()
- Fully formed oral narrative - ()
- General-specific paraphrase - ()
- Grammar of narrative - ()
- Implicature expression - ()
- Implicit reference - ()
- Inverted accent, inverted foot, inverted stress - ()
- Language didactics - ()
- Latent patterning - ()
- Level stress, even accent - ()
- Light stress - ()
- Line of argument - ()
- Logical stress - ()
- Male speech - ()
- Mercantile paragraphia - ()
- Parallel mixed metaphor - ()
- Phrasal compound - ()
- Polite sarcasm - ()
- Pragmatical rule - ()
- Predicative metaphor - ()
- Profanity talk - ()
- Reference time - ()
- Retrospection - ()
- Sentence development - ()
- Sentence meaning - ()
- Sentence negation - ()
- Sentence perspective - ()
- Sentential metaphor - ()
- Special language - ()
- Statement of facts - ()
- Stylistic paraphrase - ()
- Teacher talk - ()
- Topic communication - ()
- Utterance incompletor – ()
- visual grammar - ()
Communication
edit- Actual implicature - ()
- Address system - ()
- Addresser - ()
- Adversary glorification - ()
- Amplification paraphrase - ()
- Answering move - ()
- Audience coordinate - ()
- Balanced argument - ()
- Biased comment - ()
- Boundary exchange - ()
- Clarification-of-misunderstanding mode - ()
- Closed-ended response - ()
- Closing implicative - ()
- Closing pair - ()
- Closing section - ()
- Code selection - ()
- communication barrier - ()
- Communicative flexibility - ()
- Communicative interference - ()
- Complicating action - ()
- Conceptual meaning - ()
- Context-bound - ()
- Contextual meaning - ()
- Contextualization convention - ()
- Conversation development - ()
- Conversational activity - ()
- Conversational routine - ()
- Discourse action - ()
- Discourse structure - ()
- Discourse time - ()
- Discourse value - ()
- Discourse-organizing words - ()
- Disqualifying communication - ()
- Dominant discourse - ()
- Exchange structure - ()
- Extrapersonal communication - ()
- Field of discourse - ()
- First topic slot - ()
- Focused interview - ()
- Follow-up move - ()
- Framing move - ()
- Free interview - ()
- Gestural usage - ()
- Guided interview - ()
- Heritage expression - ()
- Informative function - ()
- Informing exchange - ()
- Institutional discourse - ()
- Interactional move - ()
- Interactional process - ()
- Interactional talk - ()
- Interpersonal function - ()
- Interpersonal meaning - ()
- Interrogation mode - ()
- Intertextual monitoring - ()
- Intra-discoursal - ()
- Intragroup communication - ()
- Main topic - ()
- Membership categorization device - ()
- Message form - ()
- Metastatement - ()
- natural language communication - ()
- Negative politeness strategy - ()
- Negotiation of accounts - ()
- Next turn repair initiator (NTRI)- ()
- Non-verbal behaviour - ()
- Nondirective interview - ()
- Opening move - ()
- Opening section - ()
- Other repair - ()
- Other-initiated repair - ()
- Other-repair - ()
- Perceptual implausibility - ()
- Persuasive doing - ()
- Politeness principle - ()
- Possible pre-closing - ()
- Post completer - ()
- Pre-closing item - ()
- Prelinguistic communication - ()
- Preparatory conditions - ()
- Prepositional content conditions - ()
- Prepositional content - ()
- Problem-solving mode - ()
- Relic gesture - ()
- Reported event - ()
- Self repair - ()
- Self-initiated repair - ()
- Side sequence - ()
- Situation monitoring - ()
- Situational possibility - ()
- Skip-connecting, skip connecting - ()
- Social markers in speech - ()
- Social networks and language - ()
- Social psychology of language - ()
- Sociolectal variation, social dialectical variation - ()
- Speaker-meaning - ()
- Specific question - ()
- Stylistic variation Stylistic variety - ()
- Summons-answer - ()
- Supplementary response - ()
- Syntax of action - ()
- Tenor of discourse - ()
- Turn allocation component - ()
- Turn constructional component - ()
- Turn location - ()
- Turn-type - ()
- Valuation implausibility Valuational implausibility - () / ()
- Vocal cue - ()
- Warranted request - ()
Rhetoric
edit- Dirty hands argument - ()
- Issue-based argument - ()
- Logomachy - ()
- Persons argument - ()
Style
edit- Appeal for assistance - ()
- Corporate speech - ()
- Descriptive pause - ()
- Directing exchange - ()
- Egocentric speech - ()
- Elicited imitation - ()
- Emotive language - ()
- Establishing credentials - ()
- Formal discourse - ()
- Formal speech - ()
- Informal discourse - ()
- Introducing candidature - ()
- Offering the argument - ()
- Personal reference - ()
- Presenting the case - ()
- Recommending action - ()
- Report-talk, rapport-talk - ()
- Requesting action - ()
- Requesting - ()
- Signification silence, attributable silence - ()
- Silent pause - ()
- Speaker reference - ()
- Speaking topically - ()
- Stock response - ()
- Style shift - ()
- Topic avoidance - ()
- Topic-shift - ()
- Transactional talk - ()
Grammar
edit- Acceptable word method - ()
- Adjective complement - ()
- Affected object - ()
- Alternation rules - ()
- Anaphoric noun - ()
- Anticipating subject - ()
- Appropriate word method - ()
- Aspects model - ()
- Base component, phrase structure component - ()
- Bi-polar adjective - ()
- Cohesive chain - ()
- Cohesive device - ()
- Collocational cohesion collocation cohesion- ()
- Comment clause - ()
- Comparative clause, comparative sentence - ()
- Complex transition verb - ()
- Conjoining, conjoin - ()
- Consonant system - ()
- Constituent structure - ()
- Constitutive rules - ()
- Constructive rule - ()
- Context sensitive constitutive rule - ()
- Contraction paraphrase contractional syntagm - ()
- Core grammar - ()
- Criterion of adequacy - ()
- Deletion rule - ()
- Descriptive adjective - ()
- Dialect grammar - ()
- Diatypic grammar - ()
- Economy rule - ()
- Effected object - ()
- Embedded sentence - ()
- Exclusive pronoun, exclusive first person pronoun - ()
- Expected frequency - ()
- Explicit performative - ()
- Extension expression - ()
- Fact clause - ()
- Fronting device - ()
- Full word - ()
- Functional items - ()
- Fuzzy grammar - ()
- Grammatical cohesion - ()
- Grammatical meaning - ()
- Grammatical morpheme - ()
- Hypotactic clause - ()
- Impersonal construction - ()
- Implicative - ()
- Implicit performative - ()
- Inclusive first person pronoun - ()
- Incompletion marker - ()
- Interim grammar - ()
- Interpretative rules - ()
- Intrasensitive verb - ()
- Kernel sentence - ()
- Language economy - ()
- Lexical cohesion - ()
- Lexical meaning - ()
- Lexical relation - ()
- Limiting adjective - ()
- Logical subject - ()
- M-tense - ()
- Minimal-distance principle - ()
- Narrative grammar - ()
- Negative pronoun - ()
- Nominal mapping parameter - ()
- Non-native verb - ()
- Normative rule - ()
- Notional grammar - ()
- Nouns of multitude - ()
- Object genitive - ()
- Object of result, effected object - ()
- Object placement - ()
- Open class words, pivot grammar - ()
- Operator ellipsis - ()
- Orthographic sentence - ()
- Paradigmatic relations, paradigmatic relationships - ()
- Paratactic clause - ()
- Performance grammar - ()
- Phrasal-prepositional verb - ()
- Pivot grammar - ()
- Pluriverbal sentence - ()
- Predicate negative - ()
- Prominent syllable - ()
- Proto-imperative - ()
- Protosyntax - ()
- Pseudo-cleft sentence - ()
- Quadrisyllable - ()
- Realistic grammar - ()
- Realization rules - ()
- Reciprocal verb - ()
- Reduplicated word, ricochet word - ()
- Relexicalization - ()
- Remedial grammar - ()
- Report clause - ()
- Result case, resultative case - ()
- Scale-and-category grammar - ()
- Sentence combining - ()
- Sentence method - ()
- Sentence pattern - ()
- Serial verb parameter - ()
- Situation place, situation-place - ()
- Situation time - ()
- Slot and filler grammar - ()
- Structural description (SD) - ()
- Structural word - ()
- Subject placement parameter - ()
- Syntactic amalgam - ()
- Syntactic constraints Syntactic constraint - ()
- Syntactic construction - ()
- Syntactic order - ()
- Systemic grammar - ()
- Temporal juncture - ()
- Text grammar - ()
- Topic prominent parameter - ()
- Transformational component - ()
- Transformational-generative - ()
- Ultimate constituent - ()
- Unique constituent- ()
- Verb attraction parameter - ()
- Verb group – ()
- wild grammar - ()
Cases
edit- Common case - ()
- Experiencer case - ()
- Factitive case - ()
- Isonymy - ()
- Postdirective case - ()
- Subdirective case - ()
Language ability
edit- Active language knowledge - ()
- Active/passive language knowledge, productive/receptive language knowledge - ()
- Balanced bilingual - ()
- Bidialectal, bidialectivalism - ()
- Biliterate - ()
- Compound bilingualism - ()
- Co-ordinate bilingualism - ()
- Language achievement - ()
- Language approach - ()
- Language loyalty - ()
- Language maintenance - ()
- Language skills - ()
- Limited English speaker (LES) - ()
- Passive language knowledge - ()
- Procedural vocabulary - ()
- Productive language knowledge - ()
- Reading vocabulary - ()
- Receptive language knowledge - ()
- Schematic vocabulary - ()
- Stable bilingualism - ()
- Verbal repertoire - ()
- Vestigial bilingualism - ()
- Vocabulary control - ()
Translation
edit- Alignment Error Rate of machine translation- ()
- Broad Operational Language Translation (BOLT) - ()
- Interlingual error - ()
- poetry translation – ()
- pre-translation - ()
- puns translation - ()
- Shallow-transfer machine translation - ()
- Translation equivalence – ()
- translation forum - ()
Word-related
edit- Bow-wow word - ()
- Native word - ()
- Primary word - ()
- Prime word - ()
- Simple word - ()
- Telescope word - ()
Language types
edit- Agent language - ()
- Amalgamating language - ()
- Auditory language - ()
- Child language - ()
- child language - ()
- Classificatory language - ()
- Contact vernacular - ()
- Creole Prototype creole prototype - ()
- Flectional language - ()
- Formless language - ()
- Lower language - ()
- Subordinating language - ()
- Tribal language - ()
- Vowel language - ()
- Weakly synthetic language - ()
Language groups
editSpecific languages and dialects
edit- Af-bon – ()
- Chari-Nile - ()
- Dogli language Dogli - ()
- Epigraphic hybrid sanskrit – ()
- Ikale - ()
- ki-kongo - ()
- Kizulu language - ()
- Mississippi Valley Siouan language - ()
- Old Turhenian - ()
- problem of language acquisition - ()
- Shomvi swahili - ()
- Siluyana, dialect - ()
- Tashilhit – ()
- Town bombal copperbelti, citauni, dialect - ()
- Trading Languages Trading language - ()
- Zamenglish – ()
Constructed languages
editLanguage instruction
edit- Auditory training - ()
- Barbarolalia correction of foreign accent – ()
- foreign language exploration, foreign language experience (FLEX) - ()
- Jena method to teach the deaf to speak- ()
- language and education - ()
- language classroom - ()
Language education
edit- Arabic Language Academy, 1932 - ()
- Colombian Academy of Languages - ()
Writing
edit- Addisonian termination - ()
- Alphabetical writing system (AWS) – ()
- Analphabetic Notation analphabetic notation - ()
- Bottom-to-top-writing - ()
- Chinese symbolic language - ()
- Context-free rewriting system - ()
- Dramatic text - ()
- Early Semitic alphabet - ()
- Elementary genre, minimal genre - ()
- Heterographic spelling - ()
- Homographic spelling - ()
- Inventory of signs - ()
- Logographic writing, word writing - () / () [[[Wikipedia:Cleanup|redirect to logogram?]]]
- manuscript writing - ()
- Monophone- ()
- Muscular movement handwriting - ()
- Ñuiñe script - ()
- Overdifferentiation - ()
- Palmer method of handwriting - ()
- Phoneticization - ()
- Procedural attachment - ()
- Ptolemaic script - ()
- Redundancy in Written Language - ()
- Reed-batten - ()
- Round script [which?] - ()
- Shift sign - ()
- Smart apostrophe - ()
- Textual function - ()
- Written discourse – ()
- Hyphenation zone - ()
- Picture writing - ()
Specific scripts
edit- Early Semitic alphabet - ()
- Gothicizing Caroline script - ()
- Hieroglyphic demotic - ()
- Hittite hieroglyphic writing - ()
- International manual alphabet - ()
- Italian cursive - ()
- Khitari script Khitari - ()
- Maay script - ()
- Mahinka script - ()
- Mam script - ()
- Neo-Sinaitic alphabet - ()
- North Semitic Alphabet North semitic alphabet - ()
- Picture writing - ()
- Random mixed alphabet - ()
- Reversed standard alphabet - ()
- Shell and bone writing - ()
- Siddhamantrik script - ()
- Smell seal script - ()
- South Australian Modern Cursive - ()
- Uighur-Mongolian script - ()
- West Semitic syllabary – ()
- Wikhegan, abenaki picture writing - () / ()
- Zoomorphic calligraphy – ()
Reading
edit- Evaluative comprehension - ()
- Exclusive reading - ()
- Inclusive reading - ()
- Oral reading - ()
- Rate of reading - ()
- Reader-oriented - ()
- Reading speech, rate of reading - ()
- Subvocal reading - ()
Sign language
edit- Basic signs - ()
Specific sign languages
edit- Graphical Motion Language (GML) - ()
Speech
edit- Absolute position - ()
- acoustic threshold - ()
- Adult-directed speech (ADS) - ()
- Age and Area Theory, Age and area theory - ()
- Alternation rules - ()
- Anticipation error - ()
- Apical trill, tongue tip trill - () / ()
- Articulatory mechanics - ()
- Articulatory zone - ()
- audience adaptation – ()
- Audience-centered speech - ()
- Audiologic speech range - ()
- Auditory behavior - ()
- Average speaking range - ()
- Back-shift - ()
- band articulation - ()
- Base of inflection - ()
- Basic alternant - ()
- Bilabiodental, in a speech - ()
- Bilateral opposition - ()
- Bimalleolar - ()
- Blowing exercise for voice- ()
- Bridge sound - ()
- chest-pulse - ()
- Chinoanism, Chinese-speaker's tendency to replace R with an L - ()
- Choral repetition, chorus repetition - ()
- Close apposition - ()
- Co-operative principle of conversation – ()
- coarticulator - ()
- Compound phoneme - ()
- Conversation rhythm - ()
- Copholalia, speech of the deaf- ()
- Delabialization - ()
- Descriptive phonetics - ()
- Displaced speech - ()
- Divisions of speech - ()
- Dorsal articulation - ()
- Double sound - ()
- Dyseneia, speech of the deaf - ()
- Early speech perception - ()
- Ecthlipsis - ()
- egocentric speech - ()
- Emotive meaning - ()
- Enclisis - ()
- Epanaleps - ()
- Exclamatory pitch - ()
- Exophasia - ()
- foreigner talk - ()
- Free vocalization - ()
- Functions of speech - ()
- Genetic phonetics - ()
- Gingival spirant, sibilant - ()
- Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) - ()
- Hesitation form - ()
- Holophrastic speech - ()
- hyperfunctional phonation - ()
- Ideal speaker - ()
- idiosyncratic dialect - ()
- Inner language, outwardly silent thinking of phrases - ()
- Instrumental phonetics - ()
- interlanguage talk - ()
- Intermediate phoneme – ()
- Interpretive error - ()
- Inverted position - ()
- Inverted speech - ()
- Isochronal tone massage, voice therapy - ()
- Laryngography - ()
- Lengthening in speech - ()
- levelt's model of speech production - ()
- Lingual innervation - ()
- Lingual malformation - ()
- Lingual muscles - ()
- Locutionary meaning - ()
- Macrospeech act - ()
- Maximum flow declination rate - ()
- Mediopalatal- ()
- Meinhof's law, phonetics - ()
- Melody of speech - ()
- Mirror speech - ()
- Mobile articulator- ()
- Modified speech - ()
- Monoverbal sentences, infant speech - ()
- Mot-phrase - ()
- Nasalized open back unrounded vowel - ()
- Nasalized open-mid back rounded vowel - ()
- Nasalized open-mid front rounded vowel - ()
- Nasalized open-mid front unrounded vowel - ()
- National articulatory habits - ()
- Natural speech rhythms - ()
- Noise sound - ()
- Nursery form - ()
- Palatal law, phonetics - ()
- Pararhotacism, replacement of r by another sound - ()
- Parathria carelessly articulated speech- ()
- Pathological habits of speaking - ()
- Pause pitch - ()
- perceptual linear prediction (PLP) – ()
- Perseveration error - ()
- Phonetic correspondence - ()
- Phonetic modification - ()
- Phonetic sound system - ()
- Phonetic speech range - ()
- Phonological component - ()
- phonological perception - ()
- phonological production - ()
- Physical phonetics - ()
- Pitch movement - ()
- plane of articulation - ()
- Posiopesis - ()
- Prelingual form - ()
- Preparatory speech act - ()
- Primary phoneme secondary phoneme - ()
- Primitive force - ()
- Primitive speech acts - ()
- Proclaiming tone - ()
- Prosodic feature - ()
- Prosodic inflection of speech - ()
- Pseudolaryngeal Speech Pseudolaryngeal speech - ()
- Pseudowhispering - ()
- public school accent - ()
- Qualitative accent - ()
- Quantitative accent - ()
- Rate of articulation - ()
- Rate of speech, rate of utterance, speech rate - ()
- Referring tone - ()
- Representation of vocalization - ()
- Reversal error - ()
- Rhinoglossia, cleft-palate speech- ()
- Rhinonolalia rhinophoniae nasality in the voice- ()
- Rhotacismus bohemicus, addition of R with S like in Czech language - ()
- Rhotacismus japonicus, Japanese amalgamation of R and L - ()
- Rhotacismus sinensis, replacement of R with L - ()
- Rhythm of speech - ()
- Rounded labial spirant - ()
- Rudimentary referring expression - ()
- Single-word articulation - ()
- Social markers in speech – ()
- Socialized speech - ()
- Sound strecher - ()
- Speaking character - ()
- Speech accentuation - ()
- speech acoustics - ()
- Speech act classification - ()
- Speech apparatus - ()
- speech audiometry - ()
- Speech continuum - ()
- speech discrimination test - ()
- Speech event - ()
- Speech exchange system - ()
- Speech marker - ()
- Speech of infant - ()
- speech production measurement - ()
- Speech Production-Perception Task - ()
- Speech rate - ()
- Speech repertoire - ()
- Speech situation - ()
- speech tracking - ()
- Spoken discourse - ()
- Staccato speech - ()
- Stomach speech - ()
- Subverbal intonation - ()
- Subvocal speech - ()
- supraglottal - ()
- Synchronic phoneme - ()
- Systematic phonemics - ()
- teacher talk – ()
- Tetraphthong - ()
- Tonic segment - ()
- Unrounded labial spirant - ()
- Verbal coding - ()
- Verbal devices of speech-making - ()
- Verbal reinforcement - ()
- Verbal reporting - ()
- Vocal clue - ()
- Vocal rate - ()
- Vowel colors - ()
- Vowel exercises - ()
- Vowel spectrum - ()
- Vowel stuttering – ()
- Word melody – ()
Language testing
edit- Army Language Aptitude Test – ()
- Assessment of Phonological Processes-Revised (AAP-R) - ()
- Audiovisual Speech Feature Test - ()
- Bernthal-Bankien Test of Phonology (BBTOP) - ()
- comprehension test - ()
- Conceptual Test of Articulation - ()
- Connected Discourse Tracking - ()
- Continuous Discourse Tracking - ()
- Functional Assessment of Communication Skills (FACS) - ()
- Functional Communication Profile - ()
- Functional Reach Test - ()
- Iowa Medical Consonant Test - ()
- Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis (KLPA) - ()
- Lexical Neighborhood Test - ()
- McDonald Deep Test of Articulation - ()
- minimal Competency Core (MCC) - ()
- Multidimensional Neighborhood Test - ()
- Nonspecial Test for Receptive/Expressive Language - ()
- Nonspeech Test for Receptive/Expressive Language - ()
- Percentage of Consonant Correct (PCC) - ()
- Photo Articulation Test - ()
- Second Contextual Articulation Test (S-CAT) - ()
- sentence intelligibility test - ()
- Simit-Handl Articulation And Phonology Evaluation (SHAPE) - ()
- speech articulation tests speech articulation test- ()
- Speech reception threshold test - ()
- Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation – ()
Language-related organizations
edit- Academy of the Arabic Language in Khartum - ()
- American Academy of Audiology (AAA) - ()
- American Association for the Promotion of the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf - ()
- Association for the Protection of Catalan Teaching - ()
- Association for the Protection of Valencian Teaching - ()
- Association for the Teaching of Catalan - ()
- Association of Ibizan Studies - ()
- Automatic Language Advisory Committee - ()
- Basque Academy of Language - ()
- Bureau of Translation - ()
- Candide Project - ()
- Coordination of Associations for the Catalan Language - ()
- Declaration of Croatian Language - ()
- Eastern States Speech Association - ()
- Flemish Language Action Committee - ()
- Friends of Yiddish - ()
- Hebrew Institute – ()
- Icelandic Language Council - ()
- Icelandic Language Fund - ()
- Institute for the study of Languages and Customs of Asia and Africa - ()
- Institute of Swahili Research - ()
- International Conference on Romano Linguistics - ()
- International Conference on the Structure of Hungarian – ()
- International English Center - ()
- International Phonetic Association and Alphabet - ()
- International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) - ()
- Kazan Translating Commission – ()
- National Deutsche Esperanto-Bund - ()
- National Museum for the Maltese Language - ()
- Optimising Professional Translation Training in Multilingual Europe (OPTIMALE) – ()
- Palawa Kani Languages Program - ()
- Panamanian Academy of Language - ()
- Permanent Commission for Language, Belgium - ()
- Quito Orthographic Action - ()
- Regional Language Centre - ()
- Rutgers Optimality Archive - ()
- Society for the Propagation of Ikalanga Language - ()
- Society of the Friends of the French Pronunciation of Latin - ()
- State Working Commission on Language - ()
- Sumnes Institute for Linguistics - ()
- Translation Association User Society - ()
- Turkish Linguistic Society - ()
- Yukon Native Language Center – ()
Occupations
edit- Expert translator - ()
- Language professor - ()
Language-related disorders
edit- Abnormal sibilant - ()
- Acataphasia, inability to form sentences - ()
- Adolescent idiolalia - ()
- Aglossic speech, speaking without the tongue- ()
- Bilalia - ()
- Bradylalia bradyarthia, hesitant and slow speech - ()
- Congenital language disability - ()
- Congenital word muteness - ()
- Cricothyroid paralysis - ()
- Disglossia - ()
- Disintegrated handwriting - ()
- Dysarthic stuttering - ()
- Dysglossia, pathology of speech organs - ()
- Dysgrammatism, disorder of grammar and syntax - ()
- Dyslogic confusion - ()
- Expressive paraphrasia - ()
- Fluency disorder - ()
- Grammatical disability - ()
- Hot-potato speech - ()
- Inhibited speech - ()
- Lalopathia - ()
- Language disability - ()
- Language retardation, dyslogia - () / ()
- Lingual paralysis - ()
- Linguistic immaturity - ()
- Linguistically disadvantaged - ()
- Literal prolepsis - ()
- Logopathia - ()
- Loss of speech - ()
- Name deafness - ()
- Oligotony, rigid speech - ()
- Phonasthenia, voice disorder - ()
- Prosodic monotony, monotonous speech melody - ()
- Pseudoamusia, paramusia - () / ()
- Pseudostuttering, hysterical stuttering - ()
- Psychasthenic logopathia, disorder of speaking- ()
- Secondary laryngitis - ()
- Sentence deafness - ()
- Strepholexia dyslexic reading of letters in reverse order - ()
- Sulcus vocalis - ()
- Suprabulbal paralysis - ()
- Syllable stumbling dyssyllabia - ()
- temporary mutism followed by dysarthria (TMFD) - ()
- Tics of speech - ()
- Transversus paresis, deficient vocal cords - ()
- Typhlolexia, word blindness - ()
- Vocal disability – ()
Voice-related
edit- Accentuation loss - ()
- Acoustical-phonetic research - ()
- Apsithyria, inability to whisper- ()
- Articulatory disorder - ()
- Avocalia, loss of singing ability due to melody muteness- ()
- Binaural dissociation- ()
- Biphasic vocal-cord vibration- ()
- Blählaut, nasal inflation sound - () / ()
- Bradyphrasia- ()
- Broken-pot sound - ()
- Cerebrotonia vocal restraint - ()
- Chordal hyperemia - ()
- Connatal malformation - ()
- Cricoid movement - ()
- Crossed arytenoids - ()
- Delayed side-tone effect, Lee effect - () / ()
- Developmental logorrhea - ()
- Diplophony, vocal cords producing double tones- ()
- Double vocal cords - ()
- Flaccid cord - ()
- Flatterton, flutter tone - () / ()
- Flutter voice - ()
- Fuzzy vocal cords - ()
- Gravis pseudoparalytica - ()
- Inspiratory phonation, spontaneous voice - ()
- Intralaryngeal compensation of vocal cords - ()
- Klesasthenia, functional weakness of the commanding voice - ()
- Labial sound - ()
- Labiography - ()
- Laryngeal diaphragm - ()
- Laryngeal generator - ()
- Laryngeal infantilism - ()
- Laryngeal regression - ()
- Laryngeal whiplash - ()
- Lateralis paralysis - ()
- Longitudinal vibration - ()
- Mandibulofacial dysostosia, malformation of articulators - ()
- Marginal chorditis reddening of vocal-cord margins - ()
- Megaphonia constantly shouting voice- ()
- Microphonia, weakness of the voice - ()
- Monochorditis swelling of a vocal cord - ()
- Monodynamics - ()
- Monorhythmia - ()
- Multiple dysostosis - ()
- Mutation of voice - ()
- Myasthenic triangle - ()
- Nasal murmur - ()
- Nasal sound physiology - ()
- Natural pitch level - ()
- Overloading of vocal cords - ()
- Palatal sounds - ()
- Palatogenous shift of articulation - ()
- Parasite sound - ()
- Penetrance of the voice - ()
- Pharyngeal crossing - ()
- Pharyngeal resonator - ()
- Phonic breath volume - ()
- Phonic inspiration - ()
- Phonic regression - ()
- Phonic scale - ()
- Phonic termination - ()
- Phonorespiratory reflex - ()
- Presound - ()
- Primary vocal-cord sound - ()
- Prolapsed arytenoid - ()
- Pseudoeunuchoidal voice - ()
- Pseudovoice - ()
- Sibilant sound types - ()
- Slow expressive language development - ()
- Stylopharyngeus system - ()
- Swelling tone - ()
- Sympathothonia, voice effects of increased metabolism - ()
- Thyrovocal syndrome, vocal disorder- ()
- Tongue talking - ()
- Tonguedness - ()
- Tornwald cyst - ()
- Velar snort - ()
- Vicarious glottis, pseudoclottis - () / ()
- Vicarious ventricular voice- ()
- Vocal indisposition - ()
- Vocal intensity - ()
- Vocal pseudoasthenia, voice weakness - ()
- Vocal quality - ()
- Vocal timbre - ()
Treatments
edit- Lessac-Madison Resonant Voice Therapy - ()
- Parabuccal voice, replacement voice technique- ()
- Stereo-reading method, dyslexia therapy- ()
- Window reading, reading therapy- ()
Language-related issues
editRelated laws
editMiscellaneous
edit- Acrology - ()
- BBC pronounciation - ()
- bilingual evaluations understudy (BLEL) - ()
- bilingual knowledge bank - ()
- bilingual syntax measure (BSM) - ()
- capability continuum paradigm - ()
- ClassWire - ()
- complete access view - ()
- concept-oriented approach - ()
- contrastive interlanguage analysis - ()
- conversational storytelling - ()
- description length gain (DEG) – ()
- developmental sentence score (DSS) - ()
- Documentary hand - ()
- Dual access view - ()
- Dual-mechanism model - ()
- Dual-mode system - ()
- Dynamisch-transaktionaler Ansatz - ()
- finger signals - ()
- fricative imaging - ()
- Hearing Handicap for the Elderly Instrument - ()
- High-level Representation of Behavior Language, Herbal language - () / ()
- Hyphen ladder - ()
- Hyphenation dictionary - ()
- inter-annotation agreement - ()
- intercodependency principle - ()
- interlanguage analysis - ()
- internal language analysis - ()
- International manual alphabet - ()
- Interview guide - ()
- Journal of Translation Studies - ()
- language in religion - ()
- Language minority group, minority language group - ()
- Language of culture - ()
- language of spirituality - ()
- Language treatment - ()
- Language-specific pragmatics - ()
- Lexical preference principle - ()
- library language - ()
- linguacult - ()
- Linguistic statistics - ()
- Literate age - ()
- Media for language - ()
- Mentalism in linguistics - ()
- Mirror reading, ability to read reversed text - ()
- morphology development - ()
- Musical Value Of Accents - ()
- Natural overtone series - ()
- naturalistic language acquisition - ()
- Neurobiological SLA - ()
- Neurolinguistic SLA - ()
- New Language movement New Language - ()
- Non-native varieties of English - ()
- Obligation occasion analysis - ()
- Operation principle - ()
- Overall organization - ()
- partial access view - ()
- Patterning in language - ()
- percentage of intelligible tube (PET) - ()
- polyglot dictionary - ()
- Pronoun of laziness - ()
- pronouncing dictionary - ()
- Proportion of Blocked Words - ()
- Recognition of tonal quality - ()
- Redundancy on language - ()
- Reference in language - ()
- Restricted and elaborated codes - ()
- Sausage machine in linguistics - ()
- Social dialectal variation - ()
- Social networks and language - ()
- specialized languages for linguistic programming - ()
- speech and theater education - ()
- Speech contest - ()
- Spelling variant - ()
- Story-Telling Probes of Articulation Competence - ()
- Unicameral (orthography) - ()
- Visual alphabets Visual alphabet - ()
- Visual Thesaurus - ()
- Vocal Functions Exercises (VFE) – ()
- Vowel acquisition - ()
- Wherryism, slips of tongue after the late US senator Kenneth S. Wherry of Nebraska – ()
Linguists and related people
edit- Arnord Chikobava, Georgian linguist - ()
- Charles Bieder, US linguist - ()
- Charley Kay Ogden (1889-1957) English lingustic reformer - ()
- Clements Katongo Muwamba, linguist - ()
- Domenico Rossetti (historian), Italian philologist, historian and antique dealer - ()
- Ethel Albert, linguist and anthropologist - ()
- Floyd G. Lounsbury (1914- ) US linguist and anthropologist – ()
- Gerard Dumestre, French linguist - ()
- Heli Chatelain, Angolan linguist - ()
- Ibrahim Ovadia, translator - ()
- J. M. Schleyer (1832-1912) German linguist - ()
- James Dúlar (b 1943) US philologist and sociolinguist - ()
- Jean-Marie Raphaele Jeune, Canadian linguist - ()
- Jerrold Jacob Katz (1932- ) US linguist - ()
- Kahombo Mateene, translator - ()
- Masumi Kuramatsu, Japanese top interpreter - ()
- Micheline Sommant, French linguist - ()
- orneli Kekelidze, Georgian philogist - ()
- Roger D. Sell (1942-) Linguist - ()
- Rugalya Hasan, British linguist - ()
- Samuel J. Keyser (1935- ) US linguist - ()
- Stephan Valyi, Hungarian linguist who discovered Punjabi root of Romany language - ()
- Sydney Macdonald Lamb (1929- ) US linguist – ()
- Tamaz Gamskralidze, Georgian linguist - ()
Missing related books
editSources include:
- A Dictionary of Discourse Analysis
- A Dictionary of Research Term in Applied Linguistics
- Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics
See also
editRed links in:
- Alphabetic list of living languages in Europe
- Glossary of rhetorical terms
- List of language families
- List of sign languages