(Version awaiting implementation of Sidebar contentNclass parameters)
{{Sidebar | name = Hegelianism | class = plainlist | titleclass = navbox-title | titlestyle = display:block;margin-bottom:0.5em; | title = [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] and [[Hegelianism]] | topimage = [[File:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel00.jpg|185px|Portrait of Hegel by an unidentified artist]] | headingclass = navbox-abovebelow | heading1 = Forerunners | content1class = hlist | content1 = * [[Aristotle]] * [[Jakob Böhme|Böhme]] * [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]] * [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] * [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]] * [[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]] * [[Friedrich Schelling|Schelling]] | heading2 = Successors | content2class = hlist | content2 = * [[Ludwig Feuerbach|Feuerbach]] * [[Karl Marx|Marx]] * [[György Lukács|Lukács]] * [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty|{{nowrap|Merleau-Ponty}}]] * [[Theodor W. Adorno|Adorno]] * [[Hans-Georg Gadamer|Gadamer]] * [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]] | heading3 = Principal [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography|works]] | content3style = white-space:nowrap;font-style:italic;<!--(titles)--> | content3 = * [[The Phenomenology of Spirit]] * [[Science of Logic]] * [[Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences]] * [[Lectures on Aesthetics]] * [[Elements of the Philosophy of Right]] * [[Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion]] * [[Lectures on the Philosophy of History]] * [[Lectures on the History of Philosophy]] | heading4 = Schools | content4class = hlist | content4 = * [[Absolute idealism]] * [[Hegelianism]] ([[Dialectic#Hegelian dialectics|dialectics]]) * [[British idealism]] * [[German idealism]] | heading5 = Related topics | content5class = hlist | content5 = * [[Right Hegelians]] * [[Young Hegelians]] | navbarstyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa; }}<noinclude> [[Category:Philosophy and thinking templates]] [[Category:Literature templates|Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich]] [[Category:"Part of a series on" templates]] [[Category:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|τ]] </noinclude>
("Let's at least have (1) a gap between title and first heading and (2) no dot after a single entry on a line (content3). Let's also associate/place class/style parameters accordingly in the code.")
(Template:) Spacing and hyphen [etc] characters and templates
editUser:Sardanaphalus/Template:Inline spacing templates
Table from {{Long dash/doc#See also}}:
Code | Name | Display | Explanation |
---|---|---|---|
− orthe − character in the "Insert" edit box tool |
Minus | − | A mathematical operation symbol (display varies depending on font) |
{{ndash}} or– orthe – character in the "Insert" edit box tool |
En dash (N-dash) |
– | A short dash (typically half the width of an em dash) |
— orthe — character in the "Insert" edit box tool |
Em dash (M-dash) |
— | A long dash (one em wide, typically equivalent to the height of the font size) |
- |
Hyphen | - | The hyphen character on most keyboards, used to hyphenate compound words (display varies depending on font) |
{{Documentation | content = {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} [[Category:Spacing (inline) templates| ]] }}<!--(end Documentation)-->
Theodor W. Adorno lead
editTheodor W. Adorno (/əˈdɔːrnoʊ/;[1] German: [aˈdɔʀno]; born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German sociologist, philosopher and musicologist who is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's foremost aestheticians and essayists. He was a leading member of the Frankfurt School – a collection of like-minded critical theorists and writers for whom the work of Freud, Marx and Hegel was essential to the analysis of modern society – and, as a critic of both fascism and what he dubbed the "culture industry", his writings, in particular the Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), Minima Moralia (1951) and Negative Dialectics (1966), strongly influenced the European New Left. Contrary to the vogue enjoyed by existentialism and positivism during the early to mid-twentieth century, Adorno advanced a dialectical conception of natural history that critiqued the twin temptations of ontology and empiricism through studies of Kierkegaard and Husserl[clarify].
Adorno was a pianist [who became committed to avant-garde music and] whose interest in modernism led to his studying Arnold Schoenberg's "twelve-tone" method of composition with Schoenberg's pupil Alban Berg
His interest in modernism [as in music] [suffused/affected/...] his writing
Adorno's commitment to avant-garde music formed the backdrop of his subsequent writings and led to his collaboration with Thomas Mann on the latter's novel Doctor Faustus, while the two men lived in California as exiles during the Second World War. Working for the newly relocated Institute for Social Research, Adorno collaborated on influential studies of authoritarianism, anti-semitism and propaganda that would later serve as models for sociological studies the Institute carried out in post-war Germany.
Upon his return to Frankfurt, Adorno was involved with the reconstitution of German intellectual life through debates with Karl Popper on the limitations of positivist science, critiques of Heidegger's language of authenticity, writings on German responsibility for the Holocaust, and continued interventions into matters of public policy. As a writer of polemics in the tradition of Nietzsche and Karl Kraus, Adorno delivered scathing critiques of contemporary Western culture. Adorno's posthumously published Aesthetic Theory, which he planned to dedicate to Samuel Beckett, is the culmination of a lifelong commitment to modern art which attempts to revoke the "fatal separation" of feeling and understanding long demanded by the history of philosophy and explode the privilege aesthetics accords to content over form and contemplation over immersion.
(some rephrasing, including avoiding possible interpretation that critical theory due to Adorno and repeated "critique"/"critiqued"; clarify span...)
Archaeology lead
edit{{two other uses||the magazine about archaeology|Archaeology (magazine)|the album by the pastiche/parody Beatles band|The Rutles Archaeology}} {{pp-move-indef}} [[File:Lousonna01.JPG|thumb|236px<!--(approx Sidebar/Infobox)-->|[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[ruins]], [[Lausanne]], Switzerland.]] {{Anthropology |types}}
Archaeology (archeology[2]) is the study of human history through the discovery, recovery and analysis of the traces it has left in the environment. Among these are material remains such as artifacts and [ architecture ]
activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record). Because archaeology employs a wide range of different procedures, it can be considered to be both a social science and a humanity,[3] and in the United States it is thought of as a branch of anthropology,[4] although in Europe it is viewed as a separate discipline.
Archaeology studies human prehistory and history from the development of the first stone tools in eastern Africa 4 million years ago up until recent decades.[5] (Archaeology does not include the discipline of paleontology). It is of most importance for learning about prehistoric societies, when there are no written records for historians to study, making up over 99% of total human history, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in any given society.[3] Archaeology has various goals, which range from studying human evolution to cultural evolution and understanding culture history.[6]
The discipline involves surveying, excavation and eventually analysis of data collected to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. It draws upon anthropology, history, art history, classics, ethnology, geography,[7] geology,[8][9][10] linguistics, semiology, physics, information sciences, chemistry, statistics, paleoecology, paleontology, paleozoology, paleoethnobotany, and paleobotany.
Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced across the world. Since its early development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed, including maritime archaeology, feminist archaeology and archaeoastronomy, and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. Nonetheless, today, archaeologists face many problems, such as dealing with pseudoarchaeology, the looting of artifacts, a lack of public interest, and opposition to the excavation of human remains.
Himalayas | |
---|---|
The north face of Mount Everest, seen from the path to the mountain's base camp in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. | |
Highest point | |
Peak | Mount Everest, Nepal / China |
Elevation | 8,848 m (29,029 ft) |
Coordinates | 27°59′17″N 86°55′31″E / 27.98806°N 86.92528°E |
Dimensions | |
Length | 2,400 km (1,500 mi) |
Geography | |
Country | Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal and Pakistan |
Range coordinates | 28°N 82°E / 28°N 82°E |
The Himalayas, also known as Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə/ or /hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: हिमालय, hima ("snow") + ālaya ("dwelling"), meaning "abode of the snow")[11] is a mountain range in South Asia that lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Tibetan Plateau. It is home to every peak on Earth over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) in altitude – including the world's highest peak, Mount Everest – and more than one hundred of its peaks exceed 7,200 metres (23,600 ft). Many of them are considered sacred in Buddhism and Hinduism and the range has exerted a profound influence on the cultures of South Asia.
The Tibetan Plateau marks the northern border of the Himalayas, while
The Himalayas are bordered on the north by the , on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain, on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, and on the east by the Indian state of Assam. The western anchor of the Himalayas — Nanga Parbat — lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus River, while the eastern anchor — Namcha Barwa — is situated just west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The Himalayas span five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Pakistan, with the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range.[12]
Lifted by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian Plate,[13] the Himalayan range runs northwest to southeast in a 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) long arc. The range varies in width from 400 kilometres (250 mi) in the west to 150 kilometres (93 mi) in the east. Besides the Greater Himalayas, there are several parallel lower ranges. The southernmost of these, located along the northern edge of the Indian plains and reaching about a thousand meters in altitude, are called the Sivalik Hills. Further north is a higher range, reaching two to three thousand meters, known as the Lower Himalayan Range.
Three of the world's major rivers — the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra — arise in the Himalayas. While the Indus and the Brahmaputra rise near Mount Kailash in Tibet, the Ganges rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people.
<!--<includeonly>--><!-- --><{{#if:{{{code|}}}{{{plaincode|}}}{{{tt|}}} |code |span}} {{#if:{{{nowrap|}}} |class="nowrap"}} {{#if:{{{plaincode|}}} |style="border:none;background:transparent;"}}><!-- -->{{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} | |{{}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{subst|}}} |[[Help:Substitution|subst]]:}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{bold|{{{boldlink|{{{boldname|}}}}}}}}} |'''}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nolink|}}} | | {{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} |{}}<!-- -->{{!((}}:<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{padleft:|1|{{{1}}}}}|: |{{FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}} | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE:{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{{1}}} |{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}} | {{ns:0}} = {{ns:10}}:{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}} |{{PAGENAME}}}} | #default = {{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}} |{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{!}}<!-- -->}}{{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} |{}}<!-- --><span {{#if:{{{namesize|{{{linksize|}}}}}} |style="font-size:{{{namesize|{{{linksize|}}}}}};"}}><!-- -->{{{alttext|{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{{1}}} |{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}} |{{PAGENAME}} |{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}<!-- --></span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} |}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nolink|}}} | | {{!))}}{{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} |}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{bold|{{{boldlink|{{{boldname|}}}}}}}}} |'''}}<!-- --><span {{#if:{{{italic|}}}{{{italics|}}} |style="font-style:italic;"}}><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{2|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{2}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{3|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{3}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{4|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{4}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{5|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{5}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{6|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{6}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{7|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{7}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{8|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{8}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{9|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{9}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{10|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{10}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{11|¬}}}|¬ | ||{{#tag:nowiki|{{{11}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}} ||…}}<!-- --></span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{braceinside|}}} | |}}}}<!-- --></{{#if:{{{code|}}}{{{plaincode|}}}{{{tt|}}} |code |span}}><!-- --><!--</includeonly>--><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>
Column-generating template families
editThe templates listed below are not interchangeable. For example, using {{Multicol}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{Multicol-end}} would leave an HTML "div" (division) open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting. |
Family | Type | Handles wiki
table code?a |
Start template | Break between columns | End template | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
"Col" | Table | {{Col-begin}} or {{Col-begin-small}} |
{{Col-break}}
For nine or even more columns, use {{Col-break | width=[W]%}},
where [W] ≈ 100 divided by the number of columns desired. |
{{Col-end}} | |||||||
"Col-float" | CSS float | {{Col-float}} | {{Col-float-break}} | {{Col-float-end}} | |||||||
"Columns" | Table | {{Columns}} | – | – | |||||||
"Columns-start" | CSS float | {{Columns-start}} | {{Column}} | {{Columns-end}} | |||||||
"Div col" | CSS columns | {{Div col}} or {{Start div col}}
|
– | {{Div col end}} or {{End div col}} | |||||||
"Multicol" | Table | {{Multicol}} | {{Multicol-break}} | {{Multicol-end}} | |||||||
|
{{Documentation | content = Used by {{tl|Column templates}} to provide links to column-related templates. == See also == * {{tl|Autocol}} [[Category:Table and column templates| ]] [[Category:Related-topic templates]] }}<!--(end Documentation)-->
Template:Married for Infoboxes
editUse {{Div col |content= }} (as here)...?
Lists of figures of speech and rhetorical terms
editVillage pump (technical) thread
edit- (Producing a list of parameters)
Is there a function or something I may use to produce a list of the parameters appearing in some (lengthy) template code..? Apologies if I've overlooked or forgotten something nearby. Sardanaphalus (talk) 11:17, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- What problem are you trying to solve? We will be better able to help you if you give us more details about what you are trying to achieve. — Mr. Stradivarius ♪ talk ♪ 13:38, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- @Sardanaphalus: ping. — Mr. Stradivarius ♪ talk ♪ 13:40, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- I have sometimes wanted the same. I don't know about Sardanaphalus but my purpose is usually to look for undocumented parameters so I can use them in template calls or add them to documentation. PrimeHunter (talk) 13:50, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- Thanks for the prompt responses. Prime Hunter's scenario is the context: undocumented parameters within lengthy templates. Sardanaphalus (talk) 14:07, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- For wikitext templates, perhaps this could be done with Parsoid? I'm not at all sure of the details on that, though. For Lua modules, there's no way that I know of to do this automatically, and writing the code to do it would be very difficult as you need to be able to parse arbitrary Lua code. To do it manually, though, a simple text search for "args" will usually do the trick, as that is the standard name for a module's arguments table. A parameter named "foo" can look like
args.foo
orargs["foo"]
. — Mr. Stradivarius ♪ talk ♪ 14:59, 9 November 2014 (UTC)- There's a clever trick invented (IIRC) by David Gothberg and/or Amalthea that does something like that, in template code. Trouble is it's so clever I can never remember it. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 19:36, 9 November 2014 (UTC).
- For regular (i.e. non-Lua) templates I look for triple opening braces. If there are a lot, I copy the template's wikisource to a text editor, and use regexps to insert a newline before each set of triple opening braces, before each pipe, and before each set of triple closing braces. Then I save the file, grep for the triple opening braces and send it through sort and uniq which gives me my param list. For Lua templates, it's worse than as described by Mr. Stradivarius because the args list might not be in the main module; you've got to search all the submodules too - if you can work out which they are. --Redrose64 (talk) 19:45, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
- There's a clever trick invented (IIRC) by David Gothberg and/or Amalthea that does something like that, in template code. Trouble is it's so clever I can never remember it. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 19:36, 9 November 2014 (UTC).
- For wikitext templates, perhaps this could be done with Parsoid? I'm not at all sure of the details on that, though. For Lua modules, there's no way that I know of to do this automatically, and writing the code to do it would be very difficult as you need to be able to parse arbitrary Lua code. To do it manually, though, a simple text search for "args" will usually do the trick, as that is the standard name for a module's arguments table. A parameter named "foo" can look like
- I have sometimes wanted the same. I don't know about Sardanaphalus but my purpose is usually to look for undocumented parameters so I can use them in template calls or add them to documentation. PrimeHunter (talk) 13:50, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
You might want to invoke TemplateDataGenerator once within template or template documentation page, looking at preview and compare displayed output with already known and documented parameters. Module:TemplateDataGenerator is locally available. You could also use a recent TemplateData Utility which produces the same list of detected parameters, but the module offers sorting and works also on doc page. Greetings --PerfektesChaos (talk) 19:58, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
Template:born;died
edit(no less work than manual entry anyway?)
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{born;died |1 January 1900 |Someplace, Somewhere |31 December 1999 |Thatplace, Elsewhere}} |
(born 1 January 1900 in Someplace, Somewhere; died 31 December 1999 in Thatplace, Elsewhere) |
{{born;died |January 1, 1900 |Someplace, Somewhere |December 31, 1999}} |
(born January 1, 1900 in Someplace, Somewhere; died December 31, 1999) |
{{born;died |1 January 1900 |diedon=31 December 1999 |diedin=Thatplace, Elsewhere}} |
(born 1 January 1900; died 31 December 1999 in Thatplace, Elsewhere) |
{{born;died |January 1, 1900 |diedon=December 31, 1999}} |
(born January 1, 1900; died December 31, 1999) |
{{born;died |bornin=Someplace, Somewhere |diedon=31 December 1999 |diedin=Thatplace, Elsewhere}} |
(born in Someplace, Somewhere; died 31 December 1999 in Thatplace, Elsewhere) |
See also
- {{born–died}}
[[Category:Time, date and calendar templates]]
This list includes rhymes of words that have been listed as rhymeless.
Word | IPA | Rhymes with | Rhyme's meaning / Notes |
---|---|---|---|
aitch | /ˈ-eɪtʃ/ | nache [n 1] rache [n 2] | the bony point on the rump of an ox or cow a streak down a horse's face |
angst | /ˈ-æŋkst/ | manxed | lopped-off in a manner reminiscent of a Manx cat's tail.[14]
|
arugula | /ˈ-uːɡjələ/ | Bugula | a genus of bryozoan |
beige | /ˈbeɪʒ/ | greige | as of unfinished textiles yet to be dyed or bleached (adjective) |
chaos | /ˈ-eɪ.ɒs/ | naos | the inner chamber of a temple |
circle | /ˈ-ɜːrkəl/ | hurkle | to pull in all one's limbs |
coif | /ˈ-ɔɪf/ | boyf | "boyfriend" (slang truncation) |
cusp | /ˈ-ʌsp/ | DUSP | acronym for the enzyme "dual-specificity phosphatase" |
else | /ˈ-ɛls/ | wels | the fish Silurus glanis |
fiends | /ˈiːndz/ | teinds[n 4] | the portion of an estate assessed for the stipend of the clergy (Scottish) |
film films | /ˈɪlm/ /ˈɪlmz/ | pilm Wilms | dust (Scottish) a type of kidney tumor |
fugue, -s | /ˈjuːɡ/, /z/ | jougs | (rarely found in the singular[15]) |
gulf, -s | /ˈʌlf/, /s/ | SULF, sulfs | any of a number of sulfate-regulating enzymes |
kiln | as /ˈɪln/ | Milne | (surname) |
eth | /ˈɛð/ | merced | Castilian Spanish word meaning "gift" occasionally used in English[citation needed] |
midst | /ˈɪdst/ | didst | archaic form of "did" used with thou |
month | /ˈ-ʌnθ/ | en-plus-oneth | (n + 1)th, a mathematical term; also hundred-and-oneth (= hundred-and-first).[16] It also appears in the plural in fractions (e.g. twenty thirty-oneths) |
| [[wikt:music|music]] | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|juː|z|ɨ|k}} | [[wikt:anchusic|anchusic]]<br/>[[wikt:dysgeusic|dysgeusic]] | {{nowrap|as in "anchusic acid"<br/> [ see [[wikt:anchusin]], [[Alkanet]] ] ,'' as in ''anchusic acid'', '','' having a disorder that causes alterations in one's sense of taste, and ''[[wikt:ageusic|ageusic]],'' lacking a sense of taste | ''[[wikt:opus|opus]]'' (with a short ''0''), {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɒ|p|ə|s}} | ''[[Hoppus]],'' a method of measuring timber<ref>With the American pronunciation {{IPAc-en|ˈ|oʊ|p|ə|s}} with a long ''o,'' ''opus'' rhymes with other words, such as ''Canopus, lagopous, monopus'' (one-eyed), and slang ''mopus.''</ref> | ''[[wikt:orange|orange]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɒr|ɨ|n|dʒ}}, rhymes with<!--No, "door hinge" is not a perfect rhyme, only an approximate rhyme: the ''i'' vowel in ''hinge'' is not reduced like the ''a'' in ''orange''--> ''[[The Blorenge|Blorenge]],'' a hill in Wales,<ref>[[Webster's Third]] gives two pronunciations for ''[[sporange]],'' one of which rhymes. However, one is a spelling pronunciation based on ''orange'', and the [[OED]] only has the non-rhyming pronunciation, with the stress on the ''ange'' : {{IPAc-en|s|p|ɒ|ˈ|r|æ|n|dʒ}}. The American pronunciation with one syllable has no rhyme, even in non-rhotic accents.</ref><ref>Held, Carl. ''Breaking the Orange Rhyme Barrier''. [[Games (magazine)|Games]]. Issue 167 (Vol. 25, No. 1). pp. 10–13. February 2001.</ref> ''[[Gorringe (disambiguation)|Gorringe]]'', an English surname, and ''[[Sporange]]'', an alternate, rarely used spelling of ''sporangium'', a part of a fern. | ''[[wikt:pint|pint]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|aɪ|n|t}} | ''[[wikt:rynt|rynt]],'' a word milkmaids use to get a cow to move<ref>The plural has a common rhyme in ''Heintz''.</ref> | ''[[wikt:plankton|plankton]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|æ|ŋ|k|t|ən}} | ''Yankton'' ([[Sioux]]) | ''[[wikt:plinth|plinth]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɪ|n|θ}} | ''[[wikt:synth|synth]],'' colloquial for ''[[synthesizer]]'' | ''[[wikt:purple|purple]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɜr|p|əl}} | ''[[wikt:curple|curple]],'' the hindquarters of a horse or donkey, ''[[wikt:hirple|hirple]],'' to walk with a limp,<ref>Held, Carl. ''Orange, Silver, now Purple (More Lexical Lunacy)''. [[Games (magazine)|Games]]. Issue 207 (Vol. 29, No. 1). pp. 4–9, 16. February 2005.</ref>''[[wikt:purple nurple|nurple]],'' the act of roughly twisting a nipple (slang) | ''[[wikt:rhythm|rhythm]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɪ|ð|əm}} | ''[[smitham]],'' fine malt or ore dust<ref>''Rhythmic'' has no rhymes apart from ''logarithmic'' and ''algorithmic,'' which are often excluded for having identical syllables.</ref> | ''[[wikt:silver|silver]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɪ|l|v|ər}} | ''[[wikt:chilver|chilver]],'' a female lamb<ref>Held, Carl. ''From Orange to Silver (More Lexical Lunacy)''. [[Games (magazine)|Games]]. Issue 200 (Vol. 28, No. 4). pp. 4–9, 16. May 2004.</ref> | ''[[wikt:siren|siren]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|aɪər|ən}} | ''[[wikt:gyron|gyron]],'' a type of triangle in heraldry, and a few technical terms<ref>For some people, also ''[[wikt:environ|environ]],'' but this is not RP, in which ''environ'' rhymes with {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|aɪr|ən}} has no rhyme.</ref> | ''[[wikt:toilet|toilet]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɔɪ|l|ɨ|t}} | ''[[wikt:oillet|oillet]],'' an eyelet | ''[[wikt:width|width]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɪ|d|θ}} | obsolete ''[[wikt:sidth|sidth]],'' meaning length | ''[[wikt:woman|woman]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ʊ|m|ən}} | ''[[wikt:toman|toman]],'' a Persian coin and military division<ref>The plural ''women'' also has but a single rhyme, though a more common one: ''persimmon''.</ref> | ''[[wikt:yttrium|yttrium]]'' | {{IPAc-en|ˈ|-|ɪ|t|r|i|əm}} | ''[[liberum arbitrium]],'' a legal term
({{lang}}, some rephrasings/links, cn)
A telos (Ancient Greek: τέλος telos meaning "end", "purpose", "goal"), in the sense used by philosophers such as Aristotle, is an end or purpose, especially when regarded as being innate. It is the root of the word "teleology"
It takes a central role in Aristotle's biology and his theory of causes.
and is the from which the word "teleology"{{aside|the study of purposiveness or intentionality. Teleology figures centrally in Aristotle's biology and in . It is central to nearly all philosophical theories of history, such as those of Hegel and Marx. One running debate in contemporary philosophy of biology is to what extent teleological language (as in the "purpose" or "purposes" of organs, living processes, etc) is unavoidable or simply a shorthand for ideas that, ultimately, are nonteleological. The philosophy of action also makes essential use of teleological vocabulary; according to Donald Davidson,[citation needed] an action is something an agent does with intention – that is, with the sense of an outcome or end to be achieved by the action.
Although not mutually exclusive, telos is contrasted with techne, the rational method involved in producing an object or accomplishing a goal or objective.
David Hume (partial lead)
editDavid Hume (/ˈhjuːm/; 7 May NS [26 April 1711 OS] 1711 – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist who is generally considered to be of the most significant figures in the history of Western philosophy,[17] a key figure of the Scottish Enlightenment[17] and "widely regarded as the greatest [philosopher] who has ever written in the English language."[18] Today, he is most remebered for his philosophical empiricism and scepticism.
Hume is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley and others as a British Empiricist.[19]
Beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Hume strove to create a total naturalistic "science of man" that examined the psychological basis of human nature. In opposition to the rationalists who preceded him, most notably Descartes, he concluded that desire rather than reason governed human behaviour. He also argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience. He argued that inductive reasoning and therefore causality cannot be justified rationally. Our assumptions in favour of these result from custom and constant conjunction rather than logic. He concluded that humans have no actual conception of the self, only of a bundle of sensations associated with the self.
Atheistic existentialism (partial)
editAtheistic existentialism (adj. "atheist-existential"),[citation needed] sometimes referred to as "atheist existentialism",[citation needed] is a kind of existentialism which strongly diverged from the Christian existential works of Søren Kierkegaard and has developed within the context of an atheistic worldview.[20]
The philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard provided existentialism's theoretical foundation in the 19th century. Atheistic existentialism began to be recognized after the 1943 publication of Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre, and Sartre later explicitly alluded to it in Existentialism is a Humanism in 1946. Sartre had previously written in the spirit of atheistic existentialism in works such as the novel Nausea (1938) and short-story collection The Wall (1939). Simone de Beauvoir likewise wrote from an atheist-existential perspective.
== Thought ==
"Atheistic existentialism" refers to the exclusion of any transcendental, metaphysical or[clarify] religious beliefs from philosophical existentialist thought. As Heidegger indicated, however,[further explanation needed] atheistic, religious or metaphysical existentialism can nevertheless share phenomenological elements such as anguish or rebellion.
[......]
A basic demographics of atheism suggests that atheists comprise around 2% of the world's population and the irreligious (non-religious) a further 16%.[21][22] With the exception of Eastern Asia – particularly China – and some European countries, where they form a majority, atheists and the irrelgious typically form less than 10% of a population.[citation needed]
According to a 2012 study by WIN-Gallup International, religiosity is in decline worldwide amidst growing numbers of people identifying themselves as atheists or non-religious.[23] A report by the Center for the Study of Global Christianity, however, concludes that it is atheism that is in global decline, primarily due to increasing religiosity in China and post-communist Eastern Europe. The principal trend identified by the report is a return to religion in areas previously dominated by state atheism.[24]
Social scientific assessments of the extent of atheism and irreligion face a number of problems. As large majorities of the world's populations claim some kind of belief in a monotheistic or polytheistic system – figures, for instance, for the United States (predominantly monotheistic) and India (predominantly polytheistic) usually exceed 80% – questions meant to assess non-belief, for example, tend to require the negation of prevailing beliefs rather than an expression of positive atheism.[citation needed] If "atheism" is then taken to mean no more than the Ancient Greek ἄθεος (atheos, meaning ""without theism") from which it was derived, a rise in "atheism" will then be recorded.[25][26][27]
Atheistic schools of thought are known to have existed in India since the Vedic period (c. 1750–500 BCE).[28] Western atheism has its roots in pre-Socratic philosophy, but did not emerge as a distinct world-view until the late Enlightenment.[29]
(Hello. Would there be any objection to the following rephrased version of the opening paragraph..? It's meant to have more flow (e.g. moving from the general/inclusive to the narrow sense of "atheism") but without change to its contents and no detrimental change to its neutrality:)
(Current) Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities.[1][2] In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities.[3][4][5] Most inclusively, atheism is the absence of belief that any deities exist.[4][5][6][7] Atheism is contrasted with theism,[8][9] which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one deity exists.[9][10] | (Alternative)
At its most inclusive, atheism is the absence of a belief that any deities exist, although it is more generally Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities.[30][31] In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities.[32][33][34] Most inclusively, atheism is the absence of belief that any deities exist.[33][34][35][36] Atheism is contrasted with theism,[37][38] which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one deity exists.[38][39] |
G. E. Moore lead
editGeorge Edward "G. E." Moore OM, FBA (/mʊər/; 4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958) was an English philosopher, who, with Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and their predecessor Gottlob Frege, was one of the founders of the analytic tradition in philosophy
George Edward "G. E." Moore OM, FBA (/mʊər/; 4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958) was an English philosopher and one of the founders of the analytic tradition in philosophy
With Russell, he led the turn away from idealism in British philosophy and became well-known for his advocacy of "common sense" concepts, his contributions to ethics, epistemology and metaphysics and "his exceptional personality and moral character".[40]
At the University of Cambridge, where he later (1925–39) served as Professor of Philosophy, Moore was a member of the Moral Sciences Club and, from 1894, the secret "Cambridge Apostles" debating society. He also, although not a member himself, became highly influential among members of the Bloomsbury Group
He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1918, [served] as Editor of the prestigious philosophical journal Mind between 1921 and 1947 and was awarded the Order of Merit in 1951
Template:If not set
edit{{If not set |''var'' |''action''}} = {{#if:''var'' | |''action''}} ..?
Centralised XfX templating?
edite.g. derived from {{cfd2}}:
===={{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#if:{{{2|{{{header|}}}}}} |{{{2|{{{header}}}}}} |[Category/Template/etc]:{{{1|''(name)''}}} }}==== <div style="background:#e6e6ff;padding:0.15em 0.9em;"> Proposal to ['''rename'''/'''delete'''/etc] [[:Category/Template/etc:{{{1}}}]] {{lc1|{{{1|''(name)''}}}}}<br/> '''Rationale:''' {{{3|{{{text|''(rationale required)''}}}}}} </div> {{clear}}
Template:Compact ToC/doc § Parameters
editParameters
editParameter | value/s | Description |
side | [anything] | Places the ToC and its heading on the lefthand side of the page. |
center | " | Centers the ToC. |
right | " | Aligns the ToC to the righthand side of the page. A {{clear right}} (i.e. <br style="clear:right;"/>) placed immediately after the template may be required to preserve the page layout's integrity. This parameter and center are mutually exclusive and should only be used sparingly. |
title (name) | → | Use to specify the ToC's title (default "Contents") or, if set to "omit", "none", "off", "false" or "no", to suppress its appearance. |
top | [anything] | To include a "Top" (i.e. top of the page) link. Intended for use when this template serves to repeat a ToC e.g. within a long list. (Works via the hidden <a name="top" id="top"></a> placed at the top of every page rendered.) |
preN | …where N=1–8. To insert up to eight links before the symbolic/numeric/alphabetic links ([[#preN|preN]], etc). | |
preNlabel (preNname) | To set the label for link preN, i.e. [[#preN|preNlabel]]. | |
preNlink | Ditto the preN link itself ([[#preNlink|preN[label]]]). | |
prebreak | usually <br/> | To set the delimiter between the preN and symbolic/numeric/alphabetic links. |
sym | [anything] | To include a "!$@" link for symbolic entries. |
num | " | To include a "0–9" link for a heading ==0–9== |
symnum | " | To include a "!–9" link for a combined symbolic/numeric heading ==!–9== |
letters | → | Set to "omit", "none", "off", "false" or "no" to suppress the alphabetic links ("A", "B", etc). |
customN | …where N=1–8. To insert up to eight links after the alphabetic links ([[#customN|customN]], etc). | |
customNlabel (customNname) | To set the label for link customN, i.e. [[#customN|customNlabel]]. | |
customNlink | Ditto the customN link itself ([[#customNlink|customNlabel]]), but only to link to another page. Note: Please use custom links sparingly, e.g. only when a long list or article has been split across more than one page. ToCs are not meant to be navboxes. | |
nobreak | [anything] | Removes the line break between the alphabetic/custom and named links ("See also", "References", etc). Does not affect the title. |
seealso | " | Include link to "See also" heading. |
refs | " | Include link to "References" heading (note plural). |
notes | " | Include link to "Notes" heading (note plural). |
notesfirst | " | Include link to "Notes" heading (note plural) before "References" link. Note: Do not use with notes. |
further | " | Include link to "Further reading" heading. |
extlinks | " | Include link to "External links" heading. |
a, b, … z | → | Set to nothing to disable that letter's link (e.g. |q=|x=|z= etc) or use to create links that cover a range, e.g. "X–Z" (see following section). Caution: future versions of a page may require the amendment or removal of these parameters. |
(convert to Infobox)
{{Infobox | name = Infobox royalty | class = vcard | aboveclass = fn | abovestyle = background:#cbe;font-size:125%; | above = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly>}}} | subheader = ''{{{title|}}}''<br/> {{smaller | {{#if:{{{titletext|}}} |{{{titletext}}} | {{#if:{{{more|}}} | ''[[ {{#switch:{{lc:{{{more}}}}} | no = | austria = Emperor of Austria#Full titles | belgium = Monarchy of Belgium#Title | britain = Style of the British sovereign#Styles of British sovereigns | china = Chinese sovereign | cyprus = Style of the Greek Sovereign#List of changes to the royal style | denmark = Style of the Danish sovereign | en-sco = Style of the British sovereign#Styles of English and Scottish sovereigns | england = Style of the British sovereign#Styles of English sovereigns | ethiopia = Emperor of Ethiopia#Style | france = Style of the French sovereign#List of changes to the royal style | hre = Holy Roman Emperor#Coronation | hungary = Styles of Hungarian sovereigns | italy = Style of the Italian sovereign | jerusalem = Kings of Jerusalem#Kings of Jerusalem (1099–1291) | luxembourg = Grand Duke of Luxembourg#Full titles | malaysia = Malay titles#Malay_royalty | monaco = Style of the Monegasque sovereign | netherlands = Monarchy of the Netherlands#Full title | norway = Style of the Norwegian sovereign | parma = List of Dukes of Parma | portugal = Style of the Portuguese sovereign | russia = Tsar#Full style of Russian Sovereigns | scotland = Style of the monarchs of Scotland#From the late Middle Ages to the Acts of Union | sicilies = Kingdom of the Two Sicilies#Titles of King of the Two Sicilies | spain-crown = List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown | spain-heir = Titles held by the heir apparent to the Spanish Throne | sweden = Style of the Swedish sovereign }}|(more...)<!-- -->]]'' }} }} }} | imageclass = photo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|{{{imgw|}}}}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright=1.0 |alt={{{alt|}}} |suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | headerstyle = background:#e4dcf6; <!------------------------------- Succession ----------------------------------> | header1 = {{#if:{{{succession|}}} |{{{succession}}} {{smaller|{{nobold|{{{moretext|}}}}}}} }} | label2 = {{#if:{{{reign-type|}}} |{{{reign-type}}} | {{#switch:{{{consort|}}} <!-- "BACKWARD --> |yes |true = Tenure <!-- COMPAT --> | {{#switch:{{{2}}} |consort=Tenure |Reign}} <!-- FROM IBR" --> }} }} | data2 = {{{reign|}}} ......
{{Documentation}}
Units in geochronology and stratigraphy[41] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
{{clear}} {{Template reference list}} [[Category:Geology templates]]
- (options to prevent booktitle/topic links from wrapping)
- e.g. at Discrete mathematics#Further reading
{{Sister | project = Wikibooks | position = {{{position|}}} | text = {{#if:{{{2|}}} | The Wikibook <!----{{nowrap|---->''[[wikibooks:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]''<!----}}----> |Wikibooks}} has <!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} |a page |{{#if:{{{1|}}} |a book |more}} }} on the topic of <!-- ----------{{#if:x|}} in the following strips any spaces before/after the slashes:---------- --> <!----{{nowrap|---->'''''{{#if:{{{3|}}} |[[wikibooks:{{#if:x|{{{1}}}}}/{{#if:x|{{{2}}}}}|{{{3}}}]] | {{#if:{{{2|}}} |[[wikibooks:{{#if:x|{{{1}}}}}/{{#if:x|{{{2}}}}}|{{{2}}}]] | {{#if:{{{1|}}} |[[wikibooks:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] | [[wikibooks:Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} }}''''' <!----}}----> }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>
Template:Startnowrap / Endnowrap
edit{{Documentation subpage}} <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis to Wikidata----> {{tl|startnowrap}}...{{tl|endnowrap}} is an alternative to {{tlx|nowrap|...}}, particularly when the content ("...") not to be [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling|wrapped]] nonetheless includes one or more line-breaks. Place {{tl|startnowrap}} immediately [......] <includeonly> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!----Categories below this line, please; interwikis to Wikidata----> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates|Nowrap<!--(so that this template is categorized beside Template:Nowrap)-->]] }} </includeonly>
References
edit- ^ Oxford Dictionary of English [...citation?]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Society for American Archaeology
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Renfrew_Bahn1991
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Haviland_et_al_2005
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
consumption
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
thinking_from_things
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Aldenderfer_Maschner1996
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Gladfelter1977
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Watters1992
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Watters2000
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Definition of Himalayas". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Bishop, Barry. "Himalayas (mountains, Asia)". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
USGS
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ R. J. Yeatman, Horse Nonsense.
- ^ After /dʒ/ there is no distinction between /uː/ and /juː/. No other word ends in /ˈ-juːɡ/, but droog and, for some people, Moog end in /ˈ-uːɡ/; whether this is considered a rhyme depends on whether /ˈ-juː/ is considered a diphthong.
- ^ Also attested in poetry is onety-oneth /ˈwʌntiˈwʌnθ/
- ^ a b "BBC: Great Thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment".
David Hume was one of the greatest philosophers the world has ever known.
- ^ McGee, B., The Great Philosophers: An Introduction to Western Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 146.
- ^ Margaret Atherton, ed. The Empiricists: Critical Essays on Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
- ^ http://atheism.about.com/od/typesofexistentialism/a/christian.htm
- ^ "The World Fact Book: Religions". World Fact Book. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/
- ^ Rieke Havertz (15 August 2012). "Atheism on the rise around the globe". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ^ "Christianity in its Global Context, 1970–2020" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity. pp. 12, 13.
- ^ "Millennials Losing Faith In God: Survey". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ "Section 6: Religion and Social Values | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press". People-press.org. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ "Not All Nonbelievers Call Themselves Atheists | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project". Pewforum.org. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ Pandian (1996). India, that is, Sidd. Allied Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 978-81-7023-561-3. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ Baggini 2003, pp. 73–74 : "Atheism had its origins in Ancient Greece but did not emerge as an overt and avowed belief system until late in the Enlightenment."
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
eb2011-atheism
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
encyc-philosophy
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
RoweRoutledge
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
encyc-unbelief-def-issues
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
oxdicphil
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
religioustolerance
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Atheism". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
reldef
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). 1989.
Belief in a deity, or deities, as opposed to atheism
- ^ "Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
...belief in the existence of a god or gods...
- ^ Aaron Preston, "Moore, George Edward" at the Internet Encyclopedia (iep.utm.edu), 30 December 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S.; Gibbard, P. L. (2013), International Chronostratigraphic Chart (PDF), International Commission on Stratigraphy
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|author-separator=
ignored (help).
Cite error: There are <ref group=n>
tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=n}}
template (see the help page).