See also Israeli military decorations by campaign.
Footnotes
edit- 1 Between 1920 and 1948, the Jewish National Council (JNC) functioned as the main national executive institution of the Yishuv. It was elected on a yearly basis by the Assembly of Representatives, a parliamentary assembly which in turn was elected democratically by the Yishuv. The Haganah served as the main paramilitary organization of the Yishuv, and would transform into the Israel Defense Forces after independence. The Haganah played only a limited part in the anti-British struggle, and the revolt was largely outside of the JNC's control.
References
editList
- ^ Charters, David A. The British army and Jewish insurgency in Palestine, 1945-47. Springer, 1989, p. X
- ^ a b Hoffman, Bruce (2015-03-02). "Why Terrorism Works". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. Archived from the original on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
The butcher's bill was remarkably modest compared with the horrific standards of terrorism today. Between August 1945 and August 1947, a total of 141 British soldiers and police officers and 40 terrorists died, including those executed or who committed suicide while awaiting execution. Civilian fatalities during the same period were also remarkably low. Fewer than 100 Arab and Jewish noncombatants perished as a result of terrorism between August 1945 and August 1947, and just over 400 were injured.
- ^ a b Adam M. Garfinkle (2000). Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities. M.E. Sharpe. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7656-0514-6.
- ^ a b Casualties Of Mideast Wars, Los Angeles Times
- ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2008.
- ^ Oren, Michael. (2006). "The Six-Day War", in Bar-On, Mordechai (ed.), Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History, pp. 185–87. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-98158-4.
- ^ a b c d e Kober, Avi. "From Blitzkrieg To Attrition: Israel's Attrition Strategy and Staying Power." Small Wars & Insurgencies 16, no. 2 (2005): 216-40.
- ^ References:
- Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
- Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Double Day and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
- Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
- Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
- Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 ISBN 0-313-31302-4
- Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
- Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
- ^ Loyola, Mario (7 October 2013). "How We Used to Do It - American diplomacy in the". National Review. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Siniver, Asaf. "Introduction." In The Yom Kippur War: Politics, Legacy, Diplomacy, 5. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Kober, Avi. "Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States", p. 64
- ^ a b Karpin, Michael I. Imperfect Compromise: A New Consensus Among Israelis and Palestinians. Potomac Books, Inc., 2013.
- ^ Helmer, Daniel Isaac. "Flipside of the Coin: Israel's Lebanese Incursion Between 1982-2000". DIANE Publishing, 2010.
- ^ References:
- "Land for Peace Timeline". British-Israeli Communications & Research Centre. 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- "The Israeli Withdrawal from Southern Lebanon". The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- "Hezbollah 101: Who is the militant group, and what does it want?". Christian Science Monitor. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
Iran has also played an instrumental role in building up Hezbollah's military capabilities over the years, which enabled the group's impressive military wing to oust Israel from south Lebanon in 2000
- ^ 1 killed between June 1982 and June 1992 (Israelis See Little Apparent Gain From Invasion, Csmonitor, retrieved 4 February 2014), 9 killed from 1985–1999 (Israeli Civilians Killed/Wounded On the Lebanese Border, Jewish Virtual Library, retrieved 14 Feb 2014)
- ^ Kober, Avi, Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States, p. 165
- ^ Sources:
- Amos Harel; Avi Issacharoff (October 1, 2010). "Years of Rage". Haaretz. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Laura King (September 28, 2004). "Losing faith in the intifada". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Jackson Diehl (September 27, 2004). "From Jenin to Falluja". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Zeev Chafetz (July 22, 2004). "The Intifadeh is over – just listen". World Jewish Review. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Major-General (res) Yaakov Amidror (August 23, 2010). "Winning the counterinsurgency war: The Israeli experience". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Hillel Frisch (January 12, 2009). "The need for a decisive Israeli victory over Hamas" (PDF). Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Lieutenant Colonel Ofek Bouchriss; Dr. Wallace A. Terrill (March 15, 2006). "The "Defensive Shield" Operation as a Turning Point in Israel's National Security Strategy". United States Army War College. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Charles Krauthammer (June 18, 2004). "Israel's Intifada Victory". The Washington Post. p. A29. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Sever Plocker (June 22, 2008). "2nd Intifada forgotton". Ynetnews. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Moshe Yaalon (January 2007). "Lessons from the Palestinian "war" against Israel" (PDF). Washington Institute for Near East Policy. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2007.
- Yoaz Hendel (September 20, 2010). "Letting the IDF win". Ynetnews. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Yossi Klein Halevi; Michael B. Oren (September 20, 2004). "Israel's unexpected victory over terrorism". World Jewish Review. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- Zvi Shtauber; Yiftah Shapir (2006). The Middle East strategic balance, 2004–2005. Sussex Academic Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-84519-108-5. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ a b Casualty Comparison - Palestinian & Israeli casualties since the First Intifada, IMEU, Nov 18, 2012. Accessed Jun 11, 2018.
- ^ Matthews, Matt M. We Were Caught Unprepared: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War, DIANE Publishing, 2011.
- ^ "The Final Winograd Commission report, pp. 598–610" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Retrieved 23 September 2013. 628 wounded according to Northern Command medical census of 9 November 2006 (The Final Winograd Commission Report, page 353)
- ^ "State snubbed war victim, family says". ynetnews.com. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
- ^ Ethan Bonner, Hamas Shifts From Rockets to Culture War The New York Times, 24 July 2009.
- ^ a b "Israeli troops step up attacks on Hamas outside Gaza City". Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf, Los Angeles Times, 13 January 2009
- ^ a b "Second Israeli killed by rocket fire from Gaza". AFP. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
- ^ Inbar, Efraim, Did Israel Weaken Hamas? The 2014 Gaza War, Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2015
- ^ "Two years later, IDF officer succumbs to wounds from Gaza war". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza Emergency" (PDF). 4 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ "Israeli Officials Expect Gaza Cease-fire 'Within Days' as Rocket Barrages Fired at South". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- ^ "Mit'hilat shomer ha'homot : 13 harouggim beIsrael — ele prateihem". Ynet (in Hebrew). 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.