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Areas

Smart^[1]	Michaels (overall)^[2]	Michaels (detailed)^[2]	Muesse^[3]	Flood^[4]
Indus Valley Civilisation and Vedic period (ca. 3300-1000 BCE)	Prevedic religions (until ca. 1750 BCE)^[5]	Prevedic religions (until ca. 1750 BCE)^[5]	Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1400 BCE)	Indus Valley Civilisation (ca. 2500 to 1500 BCE)
	Vedic religion (ca. 1750-500 BCE)	Early Vedic Period (ca. 1750-1200 BCE)	Vedic Period (1600–800 BCE)	Vedic period (ca. 1500-500 BCE)
		Middle Vedic Period (from 1200 BCE)
Pre-classical period (ca. 1000 BCE - 100 CE)		Late Vedic period (from 850 BCE)	Classical Period (800–200 BCE)
	Ascetic reformism (ca. 500-200 BCE)	Ascetic reformism (ca. 500-200 BCE)		Epic and Puranic period (ca. 500 BCE to 500 CE)
	Classical Hinduism (ca. 200 BCE-1100 CE)^[6]	Preclassical Hinduism (ca. 200 BCE-300 CE)^[7]	Epic and Puranic period (200 BCE–500 CE)
Classical period (ca. 100 CE - 1000 CE)		"Golden Age" (Gupta Empire) (ca. 320-650 CE)^[8]
		Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. 650-1100 CE)^[9]	Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE)	Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE)
Hindu-Islamic civilisation (ca. 1000-1750 CE)	Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (ca. 1100-1850 CE)^[10]	Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (ca. 1100-1850 CE)^[10]
			Modern Age (1500–present)	Modern period (ca. 1500 CE to present)
Modern period (ca. 1750 CE - present)	Modern Hinduism (from ca. 1850)^[11]	Modern Hinduism (from ca. 1850)^[11]

Hinduism

Test.^{[note 1]}

Notes

^ There is no single-word translation for dharma in Western languages,^[12] but it refers to "the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order."^{[web 1]}

References

^ Smart 2003, p. 52-53.
^ ^a ^b Michaels 2004.
^ Muesse 2011.
^ Flood, 1996 & 21-22.
^ ^a ^b Michaels 2004, p. 32.
^ Michaels 2004, p. 38.
^ Michaels 2004, p. 39.
^ Michaels 2004, p. 40.
^ Michaels 2004, p. 41.
^ ^a ^b Michaels 2004, p. 43.
^ ^a ^b Michaels 2004, p. 45.
^
See:
- Ludo Rocher (2003), The Dharmasastra, Chapter 4, in Gavin Flood (Editor), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, ISBN 978-0631215356.
- Alban G. Widgery, "The Principles of Hindu Ethics", International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Jan. 1930), pp. 232–245.

Sources

Printed sources

Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
Khanna, Meenakshi (2007), Cultural History Of Medieval India, Berghahn Books
Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India, Routledge
Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Misra, Amalendu (2004), Identity and Religion: Foundations of Anti-Islamism in India, SAGE
Muesse, Mark William (2003), Great World Religions: Hinduism
Muesse, Mark W. (2011), The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction, Fortress Press
Smart, Ninian (2003), Godsdiensten van de wereld (The World's religions), Kampen: Uitgeverij Kok

Web-sources

^ "Dharma", The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions.

[dharma-12] There is no single-word translation for dharma in Western languages,^[12] but it refers to "the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order."^{[web 1]}

[FOOTNOTESmart200352-53-1] Smart 2003, p. 52-53.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels2004-2] Michaels 2004.

[FOOTNOTEMuesse2011-3] Muesse 2011.

[FOOTNOTEFlood199621-22-4] Flood, 1996 & 21-22.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200432-5] Michaels 2004, p. 32.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200438-6] Michaels 2004, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200439-7] Michaels 2004, p. 39.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200440-8] Michaels 2004, p. 40.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200441-9] Michaels 2004, p. 41.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200443-10] Michaels 2004, p. 43.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200445-11] Michaels 2004, p. 45.

[lraw-13] See:
Ludo Rocher (2003), The Dharmasastra, Chapter 4, in Gavin Flood (Editor), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, ISBN 978-0631215356.

Alban G. Widgery, "The Principles of Hindu Ethics", International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Jan. 1930), pp. 232–245.

[14] Ludo Rocher (2003), The Dharmasastra, Chapter 4, in Gavin Flood (Editor), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, ISBN 978-0631215356.

[15] Alban G. Widgery, "The Principles of Hindu Ethics", International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Jan. 1930), pp. 232–245.

[ODWR-Dharma-14] "Dharma", The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions.

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