Gengeros/sandbox
The 2008 Ms. Olympia stage.
Date establishedAugust 30, 1980 (43 years old)
VenueLas Vegas Convention Center (South Hall 1 & 3; pre-judging) and Resorts World Theatre (finals)
Coordinates36°07′47″N 115°09′04″W / 36.1297°N 115.1511°W / 36.1297; -115.1511 (Las Vegas Convention Center) and 36.1317°N 115.1614°W (Resorts World Theatre)
Part ofJoe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend (2000 – 2014 & 2020 – present)
FoundersJoe Weider and George Snyder
Previous ownersJoe Weider (Weider Publications; 1980 – 2003) and David Pecker (American Media, Inc.; 2004 – 2014)
Previous promotersGeorge Snyder (1980 – 1983), Wally Boyko (1984 – 1987), Ben Weider (1998 – 1997), Jarka Kastnerova (1999), Bob Bonham and Kenny Kassel (1999), Wayne DeMilia (2000 – 2003) and Robin Chang (2004 – 2014)
Sports governing bodyInternational Federation of Bodybuilding & Fitness Professional (IFBB Pro) League (2006 – 2014 & 2020 – present) ← IFBB Pro Division (2004 – 2005) ← International Federation of Bodybuilders (IFBB) Pro Division (2000 – 2003) ← IFBB Pro Committee (1980 – 1999)
Current championAndrea Shaw
Previous championsRachel McLish, Ritva Elomaa, Carla Dunlap, Corinna Everson, Lenda Murray, Kim Chizevsky, Valentina Chepiga, Andrulla Blanchette, Juliette Bergmann, Iris Kyle, Dayana Cadeau and Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia
SponsorsDigital Muscle, Flex, Muscle & Fitness, Muscle & Fitness Hers and Wings of Strength (2023)
2024 Olympia Qualification SystemOctober 9, 2023 (2023 IFBB Pro League Ms. Olympia) – September 15, 2024 (2024 Europa Pro)
Websitemrolympia.com/ms-olympia


Election Date County, Municipality, or State Referendum Name Goal Gender identity included? Yes Votes % Yes Votes No Votes % No Votes % Voter Turnout Outcome
May 7, 1974 Boulder, Colorado Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,755 63% 7,562 37% Passed
June 7, 1977 Miami-Dade County, Florida Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 202,319 69.3% 89,242 30.7% Passed
November 7, 1978 California Proposition 6 Ban gay and lesbian teachers No 1,949,380 41.5% 2,750,807 58.5% 70.41% Defeated
April 25, 1978 St. Paul, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 55,265 63.1% 32,503 36.9% Passed
May 9, 1978 Wichita, Kansas Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 47,731 80% 11,978 20% Passed
May 23, 1978 Eugene, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 21,381 64.3% 11,868 35.7% Passed
November 7, 1978 Seattle, Washington Initiative 13 Repeal employment and housing ordinance protecting gay rights No 94,546 37.1% 160,822 62.9% Defeated
June 3, 1980 Santa Clara County, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 130,377 70.2% 55,301 29.8% Passed
June 3, 1980 San Jose, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 50,914 75.2% 16,763 24.8% Passed
January 16, 1982 Austin, Texas Housing Ordinance Repeal housing ordinance protecting gay rights No 27,928 47% 31,093 53% Defeated
November 6, 1984 Duluth, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,763 76% 7,198 24% Passed
January 19, 1985 Houston, Texas Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal city hiring, promotion, and contracting ordinance protecting gay rights No 58,819 82% 12,913 18% Passed
March 4, 1986 Davis, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,892 42% 2,614 58% Defeated
November 8, 1988 Oregon Measure 8 Revoke Executive Order 83-06, which prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in state employment and in state contracting No 626,751 52.75% 561,355 47.25% 77.73% Passed
November 7, 1989 Athens, Ohio Ordinance 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,642 53% 3,211 47% Passed
November 7, 1989 Irvine, California Ordinance 7 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 10,798 53% 9,539 47% Passed
November 7, 1989 Concord, California Ordinance 4 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 8,387 50.2% 8,317 49.8% Passed
November 7, 1989 Tacoma, Washington Proposition 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 20,483 51.2% 19,548 48.8% Passed
November 6, 1990 Wooster, Ohio Housing Law Repeal housing law protecting gay rights No 2,795 63% 1,642 37% Passed
November 5, 1991 St. Paul, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 56,686 46% 66,616 54% Defeated
May 19, 1992 Corvallis, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,478 37% 4,217 63% Defeated
May 19, 1992 Springfield, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 8,828 55.4% 7,101 44.6% Passed
November 3, 1992 Colorado Amendment 2 Prevent any state or local government from enacting laws or policies that provided legal protections or benefits based on sexual orientation No 710,151 46.6% 813,966 53.4% 76.19% Passed
November 3, 1992 Oregon Measure 9 Prohibit legal protections based on sexual orientation No 638,527 43.5% 828,290 56.5% 82.62% Defeated
May 18, 1993 Cornelius, Oregon Measure 34-5 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 981 61.74% 608 38.26% Passed
June 29, 1993 Canby, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,097 57% 829 43% Passed
June 29, 1993 Junction City, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 763 55% 616 45% Passed
June 29, 1993 Douglas County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,283 60% 2,192 40% Passed
June 29, 1993 Josephine County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,641 62% 2,232 38% Passed
June 29, 1993 Klamath County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,289 64% 1,285 36% Passed
June 29, 1993 Linn County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,135 61% 2,672 39% Passed
September 21, 1993 Creswell, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 428 56% 333 44% Passed
September 21, 1993 Estacada, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 688 61% 438 39% Passed
September 21, 1993 Grants Pass, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 52% 2,363 48% Passed
September 21, 1993 Gresham, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 10,191 64.4% 5,616 35.6% Passed
September 21, 1993 Lebanon, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 818 65% 431 35% Passed
September 21, 1993 Medford, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,835 59% 1,969 41% Passed
September 21, 1993 Sweet Home, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,024 60% 674 40% Passed
September 21, 1993 Jackson County, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,027 64% 2,264 36% Passed
November 2, 1993 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Gay Rights Law Repeal gay rights law No 1,893 53% 1,679 47% Passed
November 2, 1993 Portland, Maine Gay Rights Law Repeal gay rights law No 20,939 43% 27,585 57% Defeated
November 2, 1993 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,945 58.5% 13,469 41.5% Passed (Later voided)
November 2, 1993 Cincinnati, Ohio Ballot Issue 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 92,532 67% 45,935 33% Passed
November 2, 1993 Lewiston, Maine Anti-discrimination Ordinance Repeal anti-discrimination ordinance No 5,605 68% 2,627 32% Passed
November 2, 1993 Keizer, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,539 59% 1,758 41% Passed
November 2, 1993 Oregon City, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,032 56% 3,203 44% Passed
March 22, 1994 Albany, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,782 57% 1,345 43% Passed
March 22, 1994 Junction City, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 763 55% 616 45% Passed
March 22, 1994 Turner, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 238 61% 151 39% Passed
March 22, 1994 Marion County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,621 61% 2,280 39% Passed
March 22, 1994 Douglas County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,382 60% 2,274 40% Passed
March 22, 1994 Josephine County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,707 63% 2,181 37% Passed
March 22, 1994 Jackson County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,545 60% 2,319 40% Passed
November 8, 1994 Oregon Measure 13 Prohibit anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation No 592,746 34.41% 630,628 65.59% 66.75% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Idaho Proposition 1 Prohibit anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation No 202,681 50.4% 205,754 49.6% 58.31% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Portland, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 37,872 56% 29,499 44% Passed
November 8, 1994 Eugene, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,707 54% 10,831 46% Passed
November 8, 1994 Springfield, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 6,098 62% 3,708 38% Passed
November 8, 1994 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,782 55% 2,309 45% Passed
November 8, 1994 Ashland, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,334 65% 1,260 35% Passed
November 8, 1994 Lincoln County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,381 59% 3,085 41% Passed
November 8, 1994 Albany, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,782 57% 1,345 43% Passed
November 8, 1994 Dallas, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,299 61% 833 39% Passed
November 8, 1994 Canby, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,097 57% 829 43% Passed
November 8, 1994 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,024 60% 674 40% Passed
November 8, 1994 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 818 65% 431 35% Passed
November 8, 1994 Gresham, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,224 52.8% 10,930 47.2% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Medford, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,835 59% 1,969 41% Passed
November 8, 1994 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 52% 2,363 48% Passed
November 8, 1994 Portland, Maine Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 20,939 43% 27,585 57% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,893 53% 1,679 47% Passed
November 8, 1994 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,945 58.5% 13,469 41.5% Passed (Later voided)
November 8, 1994 Cincinnati, Ohio Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 92,532 67% 45,935 33% Passed
November 8, 1994 Cleveland, Ohio Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 43,102 70% 18,427 30% Passed
November 7, 1995 Maine Question 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 193,938 46.68% 221,562 53.32% Defeated
November 7, 1995 San Francisco, California Proposition K Repeal gay rights ordinance No 111,455 67% 55,252 33% Defeated
November 7, 1995 Berkeley, California Measure D Repeal gay rights ordinance No 29,504 61% 18,759 39% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Colorado Springs, Colorado Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 39,204 54% 33,558 46% Passed
November 5, 1996 Denver, Colorado Measure 1A Repeal gay rights ordinance No 131,839 60% 87,759 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Fort Collins, Colorado Measure 2B Repeal gay rights ordinance No 14,898 57% 11,192 43% Passed
November 5, 1996 Boulder, Colorado Measure 2D Repeal gay rights ordinance No 19,442 64% 10,979 36% Passed
November 5, 1996 St. Paul, Minnesota Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 51,390 49% 52,880 51% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Minneapolis, Minnesota Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 56,128 53% 49,650 47% Passed
November 5, 1996 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 98,467 65% 52,473 35% Passed
November 5, 1996 Eugene, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 25,102 60% 16,496 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Springfield, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,898 56% 10,217 44% Passed
November 5, 1996 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 5,582 62% 3,397 38% Passed
November 5, 1996 Ashland, Oregon Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,110 68% 981 32% Passed
November 5, 1996 Medford, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 15,907 60% 10,586 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Albany, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,654 58% 1,174 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Dallas, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,206 63% 696 37% Passed
November 5, 1996 Canby, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 987 56% 779 44% Passed
November 5, 1996 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,069 58% 767 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 750 63% 445 37% Passed
November 5, 1996 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 58% 1,882 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,789 45% 22,987 55% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,470 58% 1,785 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Tampa, Florida Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,983 60% 15,231 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Cleveland, Ohio Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 24,129 61% 15,368 39% Passed
February 10, 1998 Maine Question 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 145,452 51.29% 138,153 48.71% Passed
November 3, 1998 Colorado Springs, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 35,972 55% 29,139 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Denver, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 115,832 58% 85,942 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Fort Collins, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 17,934 63% 10,435 37% Passed
November 3, 1998 Boulder, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,813 68% 10,522 32% Passed
November 3, 1998 St. Paul, Minnesota Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 58,432 50% 58,229 50% Defeated
November 3, 1998 Minneapolis, Minnesota Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 62,308 55% 50,384 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 104,872 67% 51,441 33% Passed
November 3, 1998 Eugene, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 28,015 63% 16,614 37% Passed
November 3, 1998 Springfield, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 14,688 58% 10,548 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 6,912 66% 3,568 34% Passed
November 3, 1998 Ashland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,215 70% 952 30% Passed
November 3, 1998 Medford, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 17,415 62% 10,451 38% Passed
November 3, 1998 Albany, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,882 60% 1,273 40% Passed
November 3, 1998 Dallas, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,420 65% 760 35% Passed
November 3, 1998 Canby, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,119 58% 797 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,193 61% 757 39% Passed
November 3, 1998 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 867 66% 447 34% Passed
November 3, 1998 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,905 59% 2,017 41% Passed
November 3, 1998 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,084 47% 25,052 53% Defeated
November 3, 1998 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,865 55% 2,352 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 24,283 63% 14,367 37% Passed
November 7, 2000 Maine Question 6 Repeal statewide gay rights law Yes 314,012 49.62% 318,846 50.38% Passed
November 7, 2000 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 109,538 68% 51,597 32% Passed
November 7, 2000 Eugene, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 28,948 64% 16,086 36% Passed
November 7, 2000 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 22,456 46% 26,167 54% Defeated
November 7, 2000 Ferndale, Michigan Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 3,357 61% 2,138 39% Passed
November 6, 2001 Huntington Woods, Michigan Proposals or Ordinance Measures Repeal Ordinance No. 493 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 1,437 47.5% 1,587 52.5% 40% Defeated
November 6, 2001 Kalamazoo, Michigan Proposal 1 Repeal Ordinance 474 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,319 42% 4,541 58% 40.5% Defeated
September 10, 2002 Miami-Dade County, Florida Miami-Dade County Ordinance 02-89 Repeal Ordinance 02-89 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 137,776 45% 169,941 55% 35% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Westbrook, Maine Westbrook Human Rights Ordinance Repeal Repeal Westbrook Human Rights Ordinance that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,050 49.63% 3,095 50.37% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Ypsilanti, Michigan Proposal B Repeal Ordinance 865 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,045 37.57% 5,062 62.43% 30.79% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Tacoma, Washington Referendum 1 Repeal Ordinance No. 25966 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in credit, employment, housing and public accommodations No 19,463 42.64% 26,173 57.36% 46.93% Defeated
March 1, 2005 Topeka, Kansas Proposition 1 To bar Topeka from recognizing sexual orientation as a protected class for ten years No 12,795 48% 13,285 52% Defeated
November 8, 2005 Maine Question 1 Repeal Title 5, Part 12, Chapter 337, Subchapter 4, Section 4553(9-C), Section 4552, Section 4553, Section 4571-4572, Section 4581-4582, Section 4591-4592, Section 4601 and Section 4602 of the Maine Revised Statutes that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in credit, education, employment, housing and public accommodations No 181,926 45% 223,274 55.1% 55% Defeated
March 24, 2009 Gainesville, Florida Charter Amendment 1 Repeal Ordinance 0-05-92 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 11,717 42.8% 15,611 57.2% 21.2% Defeated
November 8, 2011 Traverse City, Michigan City Proposal Repeal Ordinance 660 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 2,947 62.9% 1,734 37.1% 30.6% Defeated
November 6, 2012 Salina, Kansas Ordinance No. 12-10747 Repeal Ordinance No. 12-10614 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 10,472 54.15% 8,867 45.85% 56.8% Passed
November 6, 2012 Hutchinson, Kansas Ordinance No. 2012-24 Repeal Ordinance No. 2012-24 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 5,214 58% 3,786 42% 50.6% Passed
May 20, 2014 Pocatello, Idaho Proposition 1 Repeal Ordinance 2921 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 4,863 50.41% 4,943 49.59% 27.4% Defeated
August 7, 2014 Chattanooga, Tennessee Referendum on Ordinance No. 12781 Uphold Ordinance No. 12781 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in public employment and public accommodations Yes 8,184 37.42% 13,685 62.58% 17.7% Defeated
December 9, 2014 Fayetteville, Arkansas Repeal of Ordinance No. 5703 Repeal Ordinance 5703 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 7,527 51.65% 7,047 48.35% 29.42% Passed[1]
April 7, 2015 Springfield, Missouri Question 1 Repeal ordinance that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 15,364 51.43% 14,510 48.57% 23.86% Passed[2]
September 8, 2015 Fayetteville, Arkansas Ordinance 5781 Special Election Uphold Ordinance 5781 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 7,698 52.79% 6,884 47.21% 29.51% Passed[3]
November 3, 2015 Houston, Texas Proposition 1 Uphold Ordinance No. 2014-530 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 157,110 39.03% 100,582 60.97% 27.45% Defeated[4]
June 28, 2016 Texarkana, Arkansas Ordinance No. M-130 Repeal Ordinance No. M-130 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 2,465 79.9% 620 20.1% 11.1% Passed[5]
April 3, 2018 Anchorage, Alaska Proposition 1 Restrict access to public bathrooms and locker rooms based on an individual's sex assigned at birth Yes 36,993 47.36% 41,115 52.64% 35.06% Defeated[6]
November 6, 2018 Massachusetts Question 3 Uphold Chapter 272, Section 98, as amended by Chapter 134 of the Acts of 2016, that prohibited discrimination based on gender identity in public accommodations Yes 1,806,742 67.82% 857,401 32.18% 60.17% Passed[7][8]

[9]

  1. ^ Washington County, Arkansas. (n.d.). *Election results: November 8, 2016*. Retrieved from https://www.washingtoncountyar.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/10659/636174853937700000
  2. ^ Greene County, Missouri. (2015). *April 7, 2015, election summary report*. Retrieved from [1](https://greenecountymo.gov/election/Apr_2015/summary.html) and [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20150504190023/https://greenecountymo.gov/election/Apr_2015/summary.html)
  3. ^ Washington County, Arkansas. (n.d.). *Election results: November 8, 2016*. Retrieved from https://www.washingtoncountyar.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=8519
  4. ^ Harris County Clerk. (2015). *November 3, 2015, cumulative report*. Retrieved from [3](https://www.harrisvotes.com/HISTORY/20151103/cumulative/cumulative.pdf) and [4](https://web.archive.org/web/20151104013533/https://www.harrisvotes.com/HISTORY/20151103/cumulative/cumulative.pdf)
  5. ^ Arkansas Online. (2016, July 7). *Recount upholds Texarkana repeal*. Retrieved from https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2016/jul/07/recount-upholds-texarkana-repeal-201607/
  6. ^ Municipality of Anchorage. (2018). *April 3, 2018, election summary report: Official results*. Retrieved from https://www.muni.org/Departments/Assembly/Clerk/Elections/Election%20Results/04032018%20MOA_ElectionSummaryReport_OfficialResults_04172018.pdf
  7. ^ Massachusetts Elections Division. (n.d.). *Ballot questions search results (1972–2018)*. Retrieved from https://electionstats.state.ma.us/ballot_questions/search/year_from:1972/year_to:2018
  8. ^ Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth. (n.d.). *Voter turnout statistics*. Retrieved from https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/research-and-statistics/voter-turnout-statistics.htm
  9. ^ City of Houston. (2001). *Election results for November 6, 2001*. Retrieved from https://www.houstontx.gov/citysec/elections/110601.pdf