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Pieter Dirk Nieuwkoop (July 17, 1917 - September 18 1996) was a Dutch embryologist and developmental biologist who studied the early embryonic development of amphibians and reptiles. He is noted for the discovery and description of the process of endomesoderm[a] induction in the amphibian blastula as well as for producing the "Normal Tables of Xenopus Laevis (Daudin)",[2] a monograph on Xenopus embryology which became a standard reference in the field.[3]
Personal life and Career
editPieter Nieuwkoop was born in Enschede, the Netherlands, the second son of a secondary school teacher. He began his studies at the State University of Utrecht in 1934, gaining a BSc in 1937 and an MSc in 1940. He carried out his doctoral studies there under Chris P. Raven during the German occupation of the Netherlands, but was unable to graduate during the war as he opted to write his thesis in English. He graduated cum laude in July 1946.[4]
From 1942-49 Nieuwkoop worked as a scientific assistant in the Department of Zoology at Utrecht. While holding this position he was appointed as deputy director of the Hubrecht Laboratories, Utrecht[b] from September 1947. He acceded the full directorship in January 1953, following a year's leave, which he spent as a Rockefeller Fellow in Baltimore, Chicago and Woods Hole. In September 1959 he was appointed to a special Professor's chair in Experimental Embryology at Utrecht. He retired his directorship of the Hubrecht Laboratories in July 1980, followed by his professorship in 1984. In 1993 he was awarded the Ross Harrison Prize by the International Society of Developmental Biologists, recognizing his significant contributions to the field of developmental biology.[6] He continued his scientific research at the Hubrecht Laboratories almost until his death in 1996.[4][5]
Nieuwkoop married Miss H. C. M. Beukers, a primary school teacher, in December 1942. They had one son, Wauter, born June 1952 in Chicago, Illinois.[4]
Research
editNeural induction
editMesoendoderm induction
editGerm cell development
editReptilian egg development
editPublications
editOver his career Nieuwkoop authored approximately seventy scientific articles, as well as four monographs, which are listed below.
Notes
edit- ^ An embryonic cell layer which is destined to give rise to both endodermal and mesodermal tissues.[1]
- ^ "A semigovermental institution under the supervision of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences"[5]
References
edit- ^ "Endomesoderm - Medical Definition and More from Merriam-Webster". Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ^ Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): a systematical and chronological survey of the development from the fertilized egg till the end of metamorphosis. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 1956.
- ^ Tarin, D. (1968-11). "Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin) (book review)". Journal of Anatomy. 103 (Pt 3): 578. ISSN 0021-8782. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c Gerhart, J. C. (1987-12-01). "The epigenetic nature of vertebrate development: an interview of Pieter D. Nieuwkoop on the occasion of his 70th birthday". Development. 101 (4): 653–657. ISSN 0950-1991. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ^ a b Gerhart, J (1997-02-01). "In memoriam Pieter D. Nieuwkoop (1917-1996)" (PDF). Developmental biology. 182 (1): 1–4. ISSN 0012-1606.
- ^ "ISDB - About ISDB< -". Retrieved 2014-01-11.