Wikipedia

Typhoon Mindulle (2021)

This article is about the 2021 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Mindulle.

Typhoon Mindulle was a long-lived and strong typhoon that lasted out the sea. As the seventeenth named storm, and the sixth typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Mindulle originated from a area of low pressure 703 nmi (1,302 km; 809 mi) southeast of Guam. It quickly organized until attaining the name Mindulle. Mindulle eventually became a Category 1 typhoon on September 25 in 3:00 UTC.[1][2] Wind shear slowed its rapid intensification, but it still managed to intensify. Mindulle eventually reached Category 5 typhoon the next day, as the storm had a large eye in its center.[3] Wind shear weakened the storm, but reintensified. On October 2, JMA issued its last advisory as it becomes extratropical as it continues moving northeast.[4]

Typhoon Mindulle
Typhoon Mindulle near peak intensity on September 26
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 22, 2021
ExtratropicalOctober 2
DissipatedOctober 2, 2021
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds260 km/h (160 mph)
Lowest pressure916 hPa (mbar); 27.05 inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedJapan, Russia, Alaska
IBTrACS
Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 21, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center spotted an area of convection formed approximately 703 nmi (1,302 km; 809 mi) southeast of Guam.[5] The system rapidly consolidated itself and formed a well-defined LLCC,[6] and thus, the system strengthened into a tropical depression on 00:00 UTC of September 22.[7] The JTWC did the same later that day, designating the system as 20W.[8] At 09:00 UTC of September 23, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center became partially exposed.[9] The Japan Meteorological Agency did the same three hours later, and named it Mindulle.[10] At 12:00 UTC of September 24, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm.[11] By 03:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as it developed a small eye. The presence of dry air had slowed its intensification, but it still managed to become a typhoon.[12][13] Mindulle started to rapidly intensify as it quickly intensified into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. Its eye expanded but became ragged due to the presence of dry air.[14] Mindulle continued its rapid intensification, as it further intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon at 15:00 UTC. Mindulle's eye became well-defined and at 03:00 UTC the next day, it became a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, making it the third super typhoon of this season. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon had developed a well defined 15 nmi (28 km; 17 mi) eye and deepening of the central core.[15] At 15:00 UTC, Mindulle weakened into a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon as the eye and the convective structure started to degrade. It also underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, as it developed another eyewall.[16] At 03:00 UTC of September 27, the JTWC further downgraded the system to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon,[17] and six hours later, the agency had further downgraded it to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon because of the effects of the eyewall replacement cycle and the increasing presence of dry air.[18] At 15:00 UTC of September 28, Mindulle re-intensified into a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, as it moved over favorable conditions. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon continued to struggle to intensify. Its 20 nmi (37 km; 23 mi) eye had steadily shrunk but it remained cloud covered and ragged.[19] By the next day at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon as the eye cleared out again.[20] At 21:00 UTC of September 29, it rapidly weakened and by 15:00 UTC the next day, it weakened from a Category 3-equivalent typhoon to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Cool dry air and cool sea-surface temperatures were responsible for the weakening.[21][22][23] At 21:00 UTC of October 1, the JTWC issued its final warning as it downgraded to a tropical storm.[24] Three hours later, JMA also issued its final warning, as it became extratropical cyclone, off the coast of Hokkaido.[25] The storm continued northeast towards Alaska until losing its identity.

Preparations and impact

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Despite not making landfall, the storm's outer rain bands brought heavy rain and winds across eastern Japan. Wind gusts of 150 kph (95 mph) were recorded in Choshi and Miyake Island in the Izu islands chain.[26] 10 people were injured in Kanagawa and 4 were in injured in Ibaraki.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 11 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 25 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  2. ^ "RSMC Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for Typhoon Mindulle (2116)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 25, 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  3. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Category 4-Equivalent Super Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 15 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 26 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  4. ^ "JRSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 2, 2021. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  5. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for Western and Southern Pacific Ocean (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  6. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 99W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  7. ^ "JMA Warning and Summary 220000". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 22, 2021. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  8. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 20W (Twenty) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 20W (Twenty) Warning No. 4 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 23 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  10. ^ "RSMC Prognostic Reasoning No. 2 for Tropical Storm Mindulle (2116)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 23, 2021. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  11. ^ "RSMC Prognostic Reasoning No. 6 for Severe Tropical Storm Mindulle (2116)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 11 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 25 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  13. ^ "RSMC Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for Typhoon Mindulle (2116)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 25, 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 12 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 25 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Category 4-Equivalent Super Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 15 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 26 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Category 4-Equivalent Super Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 17 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 26 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 18 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 25 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 27 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  21. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 30 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  22. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 31 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  23. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 33 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 September 2021. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  24. ^ Tropical Storm 20W (Mindulle) Warning No. 38-Final (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 October 2021. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  25. ^ "JRSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 2, 2021. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  26. ^ "Eastern Japan battered by heavy rain and winds as Typhoon Mindulle passes by". October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  27. ^ "Mindulle Typhoon: 14 people injured in Japan". The Times of India. ANI. 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
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