The Turkish Angora (Turkish: Ankara kedisi, 'Ankara cat'[2]) is a breed of domestic cat. Turkish Angoras are one of the ancient, natural breeds of cat, having originated in central Anatolia (Ankara Province in modern-day Turkey). The breed has been documented as early as the 17th century. Outside of the United States, the breed is usually referred to as simply the Angora or Ankara cat.[2] These cats have slender and elegant bodies.
| Turkish Angora | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Turkish Angora cat at the Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo in Ankara. The zoo breeds and sells Turkish Angora cats.[1] | |
| Other names | Ankara[2] |
| Origin |  Turkey |
| Breed standards | |
| CFA | standard |
| FIFe | standard |
| TICA | standard |
| ACFA/CAA | standard |
| CCA-AFC | standard |
| Domestic cat (Felis catus) | |
History
edit
Like all domestic cats, Turkish Angoras descended from the African wildcat (Felis lybica). Their ancestors were among the cats that were first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.[citation needed]
Longhaired cats were imported to Britain and France from Asia Minor, Persia and Russia as early as the late 16th century. The Turkish Angora was recognised as a distinct breed in Europe by the 17th century.[3] However, there is a strong connection between Angoras and Persians. Charles Catton, in the 1788 book Animals Drawn from Nature and Engraved in Aqua-tinta, gave “Persian cat” and “Angora cat” as alternative names for the same breed.[4]
There is a lot of similarity between Angora and Persian cat. Angora by British and American . In 1903, Frances Simpson wrote in The Book of the Cat:[5]
In classing all long-haired cats as Persians I may be wrong, but the distinctions, apparently with hardly any difference, between Angoras and Persians are of so fine a nature that I must be pardoned if I ignore the class of cat commonly called Angora, which seems gradually to have disappeared from our midst. Certainly, at our large shows there is no special classification given for Angoras, and in response to many inquiries from animal fanciers I have never been able to obtain any definite information as to the difference between a Persian and an Angora.
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The Angora of the 20th century was used for improvement in the Persian coat, but the type has always been divergent from the Persian—particularly as the increasingly flat-faced show cat Persian has been developed in the last few decades.[citation needed]
In the early 20th century, Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo began a breeding program to protect and preserve pure white Angoras.[6][7] The zoo particularly prized odd-eyed specimens;[7] however, the cats were chosen only for their colour – no other criterion was applied.[citation needed]
The Turkish Angora, which was brought to Canada in 1963, was accepted as a championship pedigreed breed in 1973 by the Cat Fanciers' Association.[8] However, until 1978 only white Angoras were recognised. Today, all North American registries accept the Turkish Angora in many colours and patterns. While their numbers are still relatively small, the gene pool is continually growing.[citation needed]
Characteristics
editAppearance
editThe Angora has a silky coat that covers a long muscular body.[9] Though it is known for a shimmery white coat and posh tail, Turkish Angoras can display a variety of coat colours,[10] with the only disallowed coats being chocolate, lavender, or colourpoint.[9] The Angora's head is small to medium in size with a smooth wedge. The body is long and slender, with good fineness of the bone.[9]
Eyes are large and almond shaped. The colour may be blue, green, amber, yellow, as well as heterochromatic. Ears are pointed, large and wide-set. The eyes are almond shaped, and the profile forms two straight planes. The plumed tail is often carried upright, perpendicular to the back.[9]
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Solid-white adult with green eyes -
Turkish Angora with black fur and green eyes -
Black tortoiseshell smoke adult -
Turkish Angora with hazel eyes -
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Behaviour
editTurkish Angoras are playful, intelligent, athletic and involved. They bond with humans, but often select a particular member of a family to be their constant companion, whom they are very protective of.[10]
Health
editThe gene responsible for blue eyes and white coat in the Angora can cause deafness.[11] There have been reports of kittens suffering from ataxia as well as adult cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.[11]
Genetic variations
edit
Breeders in Turkey feel that the cat's fine-boned version of its natural breed is unrepresentative of the true Turkish cats, which are much sturdier. American "Turkish" Angoras have only a minimal remnant of the original Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo DNA, and are only "purebred on paper".[12][self-published source][13][self-published source]
A genetic study of pedigree cat breeds (using DNA taken from pedigreed cats in the U.S. and Europe) and worldwide random-bred populations showed the Turkish Van as a distinct population from the Turkish Angora despite their geographical association. The Turkish Angora was grouped with the pedigreed Egyptian Mau and random-bred Tunisian cats. Turkish random-bred cats were grouped with Israeli random-bred cats, while the Turkish Van was grouped with Egyptian random-bred cats.[14] However, the UC Davis studied only American cat fancy registered Angoras rather than the "true" Turkish Angora or Ankara Kedisi directly from Turkey, and especially from the Ankara Zoo.[12][self-published source][13][self-published source]
A genetic study published in 2012[15] included a few cats imported from Turkey. The study found that "Turkish-versus USA-originating Turkish Angoras ... are resolved as separate breed populations."[15] The American Turkish Angoras are categorised as descendants of European random-bred cats, and cats imported from Turkey "were assigned to the Eastern Mediterranean" group.[15]
References
edit- ^ Loeschke, S. (November 1997). "Turkish Angoras in Ankara Zoo ... or on the road investigating the Turkish Angora". Erkr.de. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.[self-published source]
- ^ a b c "The white beauty of Ankara: Ankara Cat". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Azan, Barbara; Rodgers, Sandralee. "The Turkish Angora: About This Breed". CFA.org. Cat Fanciers' Association. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Catton, Charles (1788). "The Persian Cat". Animals Drawn from Nature and Engraved in Aqua-tinta. I. and J. Taylor. Plate 8.
- ^ Simpson, Frances (1 February 1902). "The Book Of The Cat". Cassell. Retrieved 26 January 2013 – via Chest of Books.[page needed]
- ^ "Ankara'nın evcil hazineleri: Ankara kedisi". Kedici.com.tr (in Turkish). 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
- ^ a b "History". TurkishAngorabreedCouncil.Weebly.com. CFA Turkish Angora Breed Council. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ "Breed Profile: Turkish Angora". CFA.org. Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Turkish Angora Standard" (PDF). Cat Fanciers' Association. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ a b Shojai, Amy (1997). For the Love of Cats. Lincolnwood, Illinois: Publications International. pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-7853-1411-3 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Turkish Angora". International Cat Care. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ a b Hartwell, Sarah. "The Domestication of the Cat". MessyBeast.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ a b Hartwell, Sarah. "The Tangled Tale of the Turkish Angora". MessyBeast.com. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ Lipinski, Monika J.; Froenicke, Lutz; Baysac, Kathleen C.; Billings, Nicholas C.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Levy, Alon M.; Longeri, Maria; Niini, Tirri; Ozpinar, Haydar (2008). "The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations". Genomics. 91 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009. PMC 2267438. PMID 18060738.
- ^ a b c Kurushima, J. D.; Lipinski, M. J.; Gandolfi, B.; Froenicke, L.; Grahn, J. C.; Grahn, R. A.; Lyons, L. A. (2012). "Variation of cats under domestication: Genetic assignment of domestic cats to breeds and worldwide random-bred populations". Animal Genetics. 44 (3): 311–324. doi:10.1111/age.12008. PMC 3594446. PMID 23171373.