Transnational gangs can be described as gangs that are located in multiple countries. When these gangs commit crimes in one country, their plans for the crime can sometimes be put together in another country. These gangs or mara are able to move around efficiently from one place to another. Transnational gangs are not a normal street gang because they are much larger in size and located in more than one country; they are considered to be able to pose a significant threat for the safety of the countries they are located in.[1]
Examples
editMS-13
editThe Mara Salvatrucha, or the MS-13 gang are located in the United States, Canada, Mexico and El Salvador.[2] The Mara Salvatrucha gang was founded in the 1980s in Los Angeles, California.[3] The original members of the Mara Salvatrucha were refugees from El Salvador that came to the United States.[2] The Barrio 18 or the 18th Street Gang is the Mara Salvatrucha's main rivals.[4]
18th Street Gang
editThe 18th Street Gang, also known as the Barrio 18, are located in the United States, Canada, Central America and Mexico. The 18th Street Gang is a youth gang. The current gang was founded in the 1980s in Los Angeles, California. The 18th Street Gang was originally part of the Clanton 14 Gang, but they divided in the 1980s; the gang was originally started by Mexican immigrants.[5] The Mara Salvatucha are considered the 18th Street Gang's enemies.[6]
Barrio Azteca
editThe Barrio Azteca are a prison gang that are located in the United States and Mexico. The Barrio Azteca was founded in 1986 in El Paso, Texas. The prison gang was started by Mexican prisoners that were incarcerated in El Paso. The Sinaloa Cartel is one of the Barrio Azteca's major enemies.[7]
Hells Angels
editThe Hells Angels are an outlaw motorcycle gang. They are located in the United States, Europe, Canada, Oceania, Africa, Asia, South America and Central America.[8] The gang was founded on March 7, 1948 in Fontana, California and San Bernardino, California.[9] The Hells Angels are considered to be a gang because they fit the definition of a gang; one of the requirements to be considered a gang is to participate in some form of crime. The crimes that the Hells Angels participate in include the transportation, production and distribution of drugs, assault, homicide, motorcycle theft, extortion, money laundering, and sex trafficking.[10]
Black Pistons
editThe Black Pistons are an outlaw motorcycle gang. They are located in the United States, Wales, Scotland, Iceland, Australia, England, Norway, Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland, Poland, Germany and Canada. The gang was founded in Germany in 2002 as a support for the Outlaws Motorcycle Club.[11] They are considered a gang because they meet the requirements of a gang, which include committing crimes. The crimes that the Black Pistons commit are theft, assault, intimidation, extortion, fraud and many others.[10]
References
edit- ^ "Transnational Gangs". www.au.af.mil. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ a b "MS13 - InSight Crime". InSight Crime. 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ Wolf, Sonja (2012-03-01). "Mara Salvatrucha: The Most Dangerous Street Gang in the Americas?". Latin American Politics and Society. 54 (1): 65–99. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00143.x. ISSN 1548-2456. S2CID 144050417.
- ^ Introduction to criminal investigation. Birzer, Michael L., 1960-, Roberson, Cliff, 1937-. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2012. ISBN 9781439839348. OCLC 747385725.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Barrio 18 - InSight Crime". InSight Crime. 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ Turner, Blair Pierce (1967). Latin America (49th ed.). Lanham, MD. ISBN 978-1475818703. OCLC 916722651.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Barrio Azteca - InSight Crime". InSight Crime. 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ "World – Hells Angels MC World". hells-angels.com. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ^ "History – Hells Angels MC World". hells-angels.com. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ^ a b "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs) | CRIMINAL-OCGS | Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ^ "Black Pistons MC (Motorcycle Club) - One Percenter Bikers". One Percenter Bikers. 2015-11-29. Retrieved 2017-12-04.