Toxopneustidae is a family of globular sea urchins in the class Echinoidea.
| Toxopneustidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tripneustes gratilla | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Order: | Camarodonta |
| Infraorder: | Echinidea |
| Family: | Toxopneustidae Troschel, 1872 [1] |
Characteristics
editAll Camarodonts have imperforate tubercles and compound ambulacral plates. In addition, the Toxopneustids are characterised by the peristome, or opening through the test, having a sharp margin with the buccal notches being prominent. The tubercles lack the crenulations or ring of cog-like structures that articulate with the spines in certain other families. The Aristotle's lantern, or jaw apparatus, has the keeled teeth and the epiphyses united above the foramen magnum, the V-shaped gap between the hemipyramids that support the lantern's tooth.[2]
Genera
edit- Goniopneustes Duncan, 1889
- Gymnechinus Mortensen, 1903b
- Lytechinus A. Agassiz, 1863
- Nudechinus H.L. Clark, 1912
- Oligophyma Pomel, 1869
- Pseudoboletia Troschel, 1869
- Schizechinus Pomel, 1869
- Scoliechinus Arnold & H.L. Clark, 1927
- Sphaerechinus Desor, 1856
- Toxopneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b
- Tripneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b[1]
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References
edit- ^ a b Toxopneustidae World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
- ^ The Echinoid Directory The Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2011-08-27.