Tojikhon Toshmatovna Shodieva (Uzbek: Тожихон Тошматовна Шодиева, romanized: Tojixon Toshmatovna Shodiyeva, Russian: Таджихан Ташматовна Шадыева, romanized: Tadzhikhan Tashmatovna Shadyyeva; 1905 – January 1981) was a Soviet-Uzbek communist activist in the Hujum. A victim of child marriage and one of the first as well as youngest women of Fergana to publicly remove her paranja, she rose to local prominence as a leader of women's liberation, becoming an active member of the communist party and an editor of the Yangi Yo'l women's magazine. However, because of her arrest in March 1938 during the Great Purge and subsequent imprisonment at Magadan labor camp, she fell into relative obscurity. Eventually she was released and rehabilitated after the death of Stalin, resulting in her awards returned to her and her membership in the party reinstated. Later she supervised the development of a collective farm that she became chairwoman of, and after her death it was named after her in her honor.[1][2]
Tojikhon Shodieva | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1905 Yangichek, Margilon district, Russian Turkestan, Russian Empire |
| Died | January 1981 Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union |
| Citizenship | USSR |
| Awards | Order of Lenin |
Early life
editShodieva was born in 1905 in a family of a miner in Yangichek village, located in what in now Margilon. When she was only eleven her father Tashmat Mirzabaev, a miner, sold her for 200 rubles to a wealthy shaman from Kokand who had nine other wives. During the marriage she was heavily abused by him and his many other wives. After enduring the abuse for several years she was rescued in 1920 by the head of the women's department of the Fergana Regional Party Committee, who helped her leave the marriage and attend school.[3][4][5]
Political career
editAs a student of the party school, she joined the Komsomol, and after completing party school in 1921 she was sent to Khorzem to assist the women's department in the newly formed Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In 1924 after completing training at the women's department of the Kokand city committee she became an instructor there; that year, having been invited to speak at the Komsomol Congress in Moscow at the Bolshoi theater, she braved removing her face-veil in public for the first time to stand at the podium and address the crowd. According to some accounts, she began to wear the veil again after returning to Kokand but stopped wearing it around 1924 to 1926; at about that time, she formally divorced her abusive husband as well, and eventually she married another party member. Ever since then, despite numerous death threats, she remained persistent in her fight for the emancipation of women in Central Asia. In January 1925 she became a full member of the Communist Party. After the formal start of the hujum in 1926 she was promoted to deputy head of the women's department of the Fergana Regional Committee to help kickoff the campaign, and later that year she moved on to deputy head of the women's department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbek SSR, where she remained until March 1930. That year received her first state award, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and travelled to Moscow to attend a three-year course for executives; upon completion of it in 1933 she was assigned as head of the political department of a Machine tractor station. In addition, she became an editor of the Uzbek women's magazine Yangi Yo'l (New Woman) in November 1929, and in January 1930 she became a candidate member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR. In March that year she became deputy head of the organization and instruction department of the party. In 1934 she was a member of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party; that year she received the Order of Lenin. From 1935 to 1937 she served in the 7th convocation of Central Executive Committee of the USSR. On 8 March 1937 she was elected first secretary of the Molotov District Party Committee.[1][5][6][7][8]
Downfall
editIn 1937 at the height of the political repressions of the 1930s she and many of her colleagues were arrested. On 28 March 1938 she was initially sentenced to ten years in prison camps, but her sentence was prolonged and as result she endured nearly two decades in Magadan before she was released and rehabilitated in 1956.[1][8][9][10]
Later life
editAfter her release and rehabilitation her awards were returned to her and she was reinstated into the party. Eventually she returned to the Uzbek SSR and founded a winery sovkoz[check spelling] named after Usman Yusupov in the Ferghana valley, which she became director of in 1958. In addition, she gave speeches to groups of komsomol members about the life before and after the hujum. Some time after she died in January 1981 the sovkoz[check spelling] she founded and directed was renamed in her honor, and several streets in the Uzbek SSR were named after her.[1][10][11][12][13]
Awards
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "ШАДИЕВА (ШОДИЕВА) Таджихан Ташматовна". centrasia.org. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
- ^ Журнал «Смена» № 15 (965) от 1967 год
- ^ Palvanova, Bibi (1982). Эмансипация мусульманки: опыт раскрепощения женщины советского Востока (in Russian). Nauka. pp. 63–64.
- ^ Советское краеведение (in Russian). Государственное социально-экономическое издательство. 1936.
- ^ a b Из истории Узбекистана, XIX-XX в. в: сборник научных трудов, Кафедра истории древнего мира и средних веков (in Russian). Tashkent: Ташкентский гос. педагог. ин-т им. Низами. 1975. p. 69. OCLC 16416718.
- ^ Дружба народов (in Russian). Гос. изд-во «Кхудож. лит-ра». 1974. p. 10.
- ^ Mansurov, M (14 May 1967). "Унутилмас Дамлар". Совет Ўзбекистони (in Uzbek).
- ^ a b Kamp, Marianne (2011). The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling under Communism. University of Washington Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-295-80247-3.
- ^ Kholboev, Sotimjon (2008). Bukhoro amirligining oltin khazinasi: tarikhi, taqdiri, taḣlili (in Uzbek). Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. p. 19. ISBN 978-9943-09-560-1.
- ^ a b Mahkamov, Vosi (31 October 1964). "Қуллуқ опажон". Совет Ўзбекистони (in Uzbek).
- ^ Yashin, Komil (1989). Ёднома (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Yosh gvardiya. ISBN 978-5-633-00178-5.
- ^ Obituary in Soviet O'zbekistoni from 17 January 1981
- ^ "Фарғона қизи". Совет Ўзбекистони (in Uzbek). 4 October 1974.
- ^ Oripov, M (24 August 1982). "Ҳурмат Рамзи". Совет Ўзбекистони (in Uzbek).