Tippecanoe County is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Indiana about 22 miles east of the Illinois state line and less than 50 miles from the Chicago and the Indianapolis metro areas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,251.[1] The county seat and largest city is Lafayette.[2] It was created in 1826 from Wabash County portion of New Purchase and unorganized territory.[3]
Tippecanoe County | |
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![]() Tippecanoe County Courthouse in Lafayette, Indiana | |
![]() Location within the U.S. state of Indiana | |
![]() Indiana's location within the U.S. | |
Coordinates: 40°23′N 86°53′W / 40.39°N 86.89°W | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
Founded | March 1, 1826 |
Named for | Kethtippecanoogi ("Place of the Succor Fish People" in Miami) |
Seat | Lafayette |
Largest city | Lafayette |
Area | |
• Total | 503.24 sq mi (1,303.4 km2) |
• Land | 499.81 sq mi (1,294.5 km2) |
• Water | 3.44 sq mi (8.9 km2) 0.68% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 186,251 |
• Density | 370/sq mi (140/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
Congressional district | 4th |
Website | www |
Indiana county number 79 |
Tippecanoe County was formed March 1, 1826, and named for the anglicization of "Kiteepihkwana", a Miami people term meaning "place of the buffalo fish people."[4] The county is best known for Purdue University, the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe, and the Tippecanoe County Courthouse, a structure built in 1881 and included in the National Register of Historic Places.
Tippecanoe County is part of the Lafayette, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
editThe history of Tippecanoe County spans six distinct political and cultural periods: Native American lands from at least 8000BC, including the Mississippian culture, French occupation (part of New France beginning in the 1670s), British occupation starting in 1763, part of the United States Northwest Territory in 1787, part of Indiana Territory in 1800, and finally part of the State of Indiana in 1816. The political organization of the county began in 1826 by the act of the Indiana Legislature.
The first European explorers arrived in the 1670s and the first permanent settlement was Fort Ouiatenon by the French established in 1717. Lafayette was platted in 1825 and Purdue University founded in 1869.
Geography
editAccording to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 503.24 square miles (1,303.4 km2), of which 499.81 square miles (1,294.5 km2) (or 99.32%) is land and 3.44 square miles (8.9 km2) (or 0.68%) is water.[5] The county's highest point is in the Lauramie Township.[6]
Adjacent counties
edit- White County (north)
- Carroll County (northeast)
- Clinton County (east)
- Montgomery County (south)
- Fountain County (southwest)
- Warren County (west)
- Benton County (northwest)
Communities
editCities
edit- Lafayette
- West Lafayette (home of Purdue University)
Towns
edit- Battle Ground
- Clarks Hill
- Dayton
- Otterbein (east half)
- Shadeland
Census-designated places
edit- Americus
- Buck Creek (formerly Transitville)
- Colburn (formerly Chapmanville)
- Montmorenci (formerly Bringham's Grove)
- Stockwell (formerly Lauramie)
- West Point (formerly Middleton)
Other unincorporated places
editExtinct
edit- Archerville
- Beeville
- Chauncey (consolidated into West Lafayette)
- Corwin
- Columbus
- Cincinnatus[7]
- Clarksburg
- Cleveland
- Conroe
- Erie
- Florentine
- Fulton (absorbed by Lafayette)
- Gerard
- Granville (aka Weaton)
- Heath
- Harrisonville (consolidated into Battle Ground)
- Kingston (consolidated into West Lafayette)
- LaGrange
- Linwood (absorbed by Lafayette)
- Little Chicago
- Monitor (formerly Cynthyana)
- New Market
- North Crane
- Oakland (absorbed by Lafayette)
- Ouiatenon
- Polk-White Corners
- Prairieville
- Sidney
- South Raub
- Sugar Grove
- Sunberry
- Texas
- Wheeler's Grove
- Wyandot
- Yorktown
Townships
editClimate and weather
editLafayette, Indiana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In recent years, temperatures in Lafayette have ranged from an average low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −23 °F (−31 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.58 inches (40 mm) inches in February to 4.24 inches (108 mm) inches in June.[8]
Transportation
editHighways
edit- Interstate 65
- U.S. Route 52
- U.S. Route 231
- Indiana State Road 25
- Indiana State Road 26
- Indiana State Road 28
- Indiana State Road 38
- Indiana State Road 43
- Indiana State Road 225
Railroads
editThree different railroad lines intersect in Tippecanoe County, all running through the Lafayette area. CSX Transportation operates a north–south line; Norfolk Southern Railway operates a southwest-to-northeast line,[9] and the Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad operates a daily-service line running from the northwest to the southeast.
The Amtrak Cardinal stops at the Lafayette Station 3 times a week, and is the only provider of passenger rail service to Greater Lafayette.
Airport
editThe county contains one public-use airport: Purdue University Airport (LAF) in West Lafayette, Indiana.[10]
Government
editThe county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.
County Council: The county council is the fiscal branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. The county council and the board of commissioners share legislative authority.[11] Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[12][13]
Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[12][13]
Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[13]
County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.[13]
Politics
editIn the 2008 Democratic primary, Tippecanoe County was one of 10 (out of 92) Indiana counties to give the majority of its votes to Barack Obama.[14] In the 2008 presidential election, Tippecanoe County was one of 15 Indiana counties to give the majority of its votes to Obama/Biden. Thanks to the sizable support of Purdue University students, Tippecanoe County played a pivotal role in Barack Obama's upset win in Indiana (49.9%-49.0%; 1,367,264 votes to 1,341,101 votes) by supporting the Democratic ticket of Barack Obama/Joe Biden 55.1%-43.5% over the Republican ticket of John McCain/Sarah Palin.[15] However, in the 2020 presidential election, Tippecanoe County also voted for Democrat Joe Biden by a margin of 436 votes, the first time since 2008 the county went for the Democrats.
Historically, Tippecanoe has been somewhat conservative for a county dominated by a college town. While most such counties swung hard to the Democrats in the 1990s Obama's win in 2008 was only the fourth time it went Democratic in a presidential election since 1888.
Tippecanoe County is one of only thirteen counties to have voted for Obama in 2008, Romney in 2012, Trump in 2016, and Biden in 2020.[a]
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 34,581 | 48.15% | 35,017 | 48.75% | 2,226 | 3.10% |
2016 | 30,768 | 48.57% | 27,282 | 43.07% | 5,292 | 8.35% |
2012 | 28,757 | 50.40% | 26,711 | 46.81% | 1,595 | 2.80% |
2008 | 29,822 | 43.45% | 37,781 | 55.05% | 1,033 | 1.51% |
2004 | 30,897 | 59.01% | 20,818 | 39.76% | 645 | 1.23% |
2000 | 26,106 | 56.39% | 18,220 | 39.36% | 1,969 | 4.25% |
1996 | 22,556 | 49.48% | 17,232 | 37.80% | 5,798 | 12.72% |
1992 | 23,050 | 45.79% | 17,343 | 34.46% | 9,941 | 19.75% |
1988 | 27,897 | 62.88% | 16,256 | 36.64% | 211 | 0.48% |
1984 | 29,706 | 64.75% | 15,789 | 34.42% | 381 | 0.83% |
1980 | 27,589 | 56.92% | 14,636 | 30.20% | 6,245 | 12.88% |
1976 | 29,186 | 61.33% | 17,850 | 37.51% | 551 | 1.16% |
1972 | 31,565 | 68.08% | 14,598 | 31.48% | 203 | 0.44% |
1968 | 24,352 | 59.44% | 14,528 | 35.46% | 2,088 | 5.10% |
1964 | 19,036 | 48.35% | 20,257 | 51.45% | 79 | 0.20% |
1960 | 24,572 | 63.55% | 14,041 | 36.31% | 55 | 0.14% |
1956 | 23,776 | 70.25% | 9,995 | 29.53% | 72 | 0.21% |
1952 | 23,447 | 70.53% | 9,678 | 29.11% | 121 | 0.36% |
1948 | 17,034 | 60.60% | 10,825 | 38.51% | 248 | 0.88% |
1944 | 15,888 | 60.61% | 10,229 | 39.02% | 95 | 0.36% |
1940 | 16,148 | 56.96% | 12,129 | 42.78% | 73 | 0.26% |
1936 | 13,081 | 50.08% | 12,732 | 48.74% | 309 | 1.18% |
1932 | 11,818 | 46.05% | 13,609 | 53.03% | 236 | 0.92% |
1928 | 15,165 | 63.25% | 8,720 | 36.37% | 93 | 0.39% |
1924 | 12,161 | 58.40% | 7,619 | 36.59% | 1,043 | 5.01% |
1920 | 12,730 | 61.68% | 7,562 | 36.64% | 347 | 1.68% |
1916 | 6,386 | 54.73% | 4,918 | 42.15% | 365 | 3.13% |
1912 | 3,006 | 28.22% | 4,442 | 41.70% | 3,205 | 30.09% |
1908 | 6,164 | 53.42% | 4,984 | 43.19% | 391 | 3.39% |
1904 | 6,581 | 59.83% | 4,031 | 36.65% | 388 | 3.53% |
1900 | 6,317 | 56.29% | 4,673 | 41.64% | 232 | 2.07% |
1896 | 6,239 | 56.77% | 4,639 | 42.21% | 111 | 1.01% |
1892 | 4,856 | 51.10% | 4,386 | 46.15% | 261 | 2.75% |
1888 | 5,072 | 53.39% | 4,281 | 45.06% | 147 | 1.55% |
Demographics
editCensus | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1830 | 7,187 | — | |
1840 | 13,724 | 91.0% | |
1850 | 19,377 | 41.2% | |
1860 | 25,726 | 32.8% | |
1870 | 33,515 | 30.3% | |
1880 | 35,966 | 7.3% | |
1890 | 35,078 | −2.5% | |
1900 | 38,659 | 10.2% | |
1910 | 40,063 | 3.6% | |
1920 | 42,813 | 6.9% | |
1930 | 47,535 | 11.0% | |
1940 | 51,020 | 7.3% | |
1950 | 74,473 | 46.0% | |
1960 | 89,122 | 19.7% | |
1970 | 109,378 | 22.7% | |
1980 | 121,702 | 11.3% | |
1990 | 130,598 | 7.3% | |
2000 | 148,955 | 14.1% | |
2010 | 172,780 | 16.0% | |
2020 | 186,251 | 7.8% | |
2023 (est.) | 188,792 | [17] | 1.4% |
U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790-1960[19] 1900-1990[20] 1990-2000[21] 2010[22] |
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 172,780 people, 65,532 households, and 37,003 families residing in the county.[23] The population density was 345.7 inhabitants per square mile (133.5/km2). There were 71,096 housing units at an average density of 142.2 per square mile (54.9/km2).[5] The racial makeup of the county was 84.0% white, 6.2% Asian, 4.0% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.5% of the population.[23] In terms of ancestry, 27.5% were German, 13.9% were Irish, 10.8% were English, and 6.1% were American.[24]
Of the 65,532 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 43.5% were non-families, and 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age was 27.7 years.[23]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $60,367. Males had a median income of $45,018 versus $31,995 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,203. About 10.3% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.[25]
Education
editPublic schools in rural/suburban Tippecanoe County are administered by the Tippecanoe School Corporation, while those in the cities are under either the Lafayette School Corporation or West Lafayette Community School Corporation. Purdue and Ivy Tech each have campuses at other sites in Indiana.
Libraries
Universities and colleges
High Schools
- TSC - Elston Alternative Education Center [30]
- LCSS - Lafayette Central Catholic Jr/Sr High School
- LSC - Lafayette (city) Jefferson High School[31]
- LSC - Lafayette (city) Oakland High School[32]
- TSC - Lafayette (suburban—south) McCutcheon High School[33]
- WLCSC - West Lafayette (city) West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School[34]
- TSC - West Lafayette/Lafayette (suburban—north) Harrison High School[35]
Middle Schools/Junior High Schools
- Lafayette Sunnyside Middle School [36]
- Lafayette Tecumseh Junior High School [37]
- TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Middle School [38]
- TSC (Harrison) East Tipp Middle School [39]
- TSC (Harrison) Klondike Middle School [40]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Southwestern Middle School [41]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Wainwright Middle School [42]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Middle School [43]
- West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School[34]
Elementary Schools
- Lafayette Edgelea Elementary School [44]
- Lafayette Glen Acres Elementary School [45]
- Lafayette Miami Elementary School [46]
- Lafayette Miller Elementary School [47]
- Lafayette Murdock Elementary School [48]
- Lafayette (charter) New Community School [49]
- Lafayette Vinton Elementary School [50]
- TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Elementary School [51]
- TSC (Harrison) Burnett Creek Elementary School [52]
- TSC (Harrison) Hershey Elementary School [53]
- TSC (Harrison) Klondike Elementary School [54]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Dayton Elementary School [55]
- TSC (McCutcheon) James Cole Elementary School [56]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Mayflower Mill Elementary School [57]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Mintonye Elementary School [58]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Elementary School [59]
- TSC (McCutcheon) Woodland Elementary School [60]
- TSC (Harrison/McCutcheon) Wyandotte Elementary School [61]
- West Lafayette Elementary School [62]
- West Lafayette Intermediate School
Private Schools
- Apostolic Christian Academy
- Concord School
- Faith Christian School
- First Assembly Christian Academy
- Highland Christian School k-8
- Lafayette Catholic Schools [63] k-12
- Lafayette Christian School [64] k-8
- Lafayette Faith Baptist [65]
- Lighthouse Baptist Christian Academy
- Pleasantview Christian School
- St Boniface 4-6
- St James Lutheran k-8
- St Mary Cathedral Elementary K-3
Economy
editMuch of the economy of Tippecanoe County is centered in its two largest communities: Lafayette and West Lafayette. Purdue University is by far the largest employer in the county, but private industry and commerce independent of the university also employ many others. Major employers include Subaru-Indiana Automotive, Wabash National, Caterpillar, Fairfield Manufacturing, Franciscan Health Lafayette, Alcoa, State Farm, and Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital.
Notable people
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^ The other twelve are Butte County, California; Teton County, Idaho; Kendall County, Illinois; Kent County, Maryland; McLean County, Illinois; Kent County, Michigan; Leelanau County, Michigan; Carroll County, New Hampshire; Rockingham County, New Hampshire; Marion County, Oregon; Grand County, Utah; and Albany County, Wyoming
References
edit- ^ "Tippecanoe County, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ DeHart 1909, p. 151.
- ^ Kriebel, Robert C. (2000). Tippecanoe at 2000: A Hoosier County Recalls Its Past.
- ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "Tippecanoe County High Point - Peakbagger.com".
- ^ "Ghost Towns of Tippecanoe County, Indiana". ingenweb.org.
- ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Lafayette, Indiana". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
- ^ "Indiana Railroads" (PDF). Indiana Department of Transportation. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 18, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^ "Tippecanoe County Public and Private Airports". www.tollfreeairline.com.
- ^ "Guide to Indiana County Government" (PDF). Association of Indiana Counties. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
- ^ a b Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ "Election Center 2008: Primary Results - Elections & Politics news from CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections - State Data". Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "Home - Tippecanoe County Public Library". tcpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
- ^ "West Lafayette Public Library - Home". wlaf.lib.in.us. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
- ^ "Purdue University - Indiana's Land Grant University". www.purdue.edu.
- ^ "Home - Ivy Tech Community College". www.ivytech.edu.
- ^ "TSC Schools". Archived from the original on June 11, 2013.
- ^ "2006-2007 Curriculum and Academies Handbook". April 29, 2006. Archived from the original on April 29, 2006.
- ^ "Home". ohs.lsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - McCutcheon High School". mhs.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ a b "West Lafayette Junior/Senior High School". Archived from the original on June 13, 2006.
- ^ "Home - William Henry Harrison High School". hhs.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Lafayette School Corporation". Archived from the original on September 4, 2006.
- ^ "Index". Archived from the original on June 18, 2006.
- ^ "Home - Battle Ground Middle School". bgm.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - East Tipp Middle School". etm.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Klondike Middle School". kms.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Southwestern Middle School". sms.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Wainwright Middle School". wms.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Wea Ridge Middle School". wrm.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Welcome to Edgelea Elementary School". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Welcome to Glen Acres!". Archived from the original on March 11, 2007.
- ^ "Miami Elementary School". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Welcome to Miller Elementary School". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Murdock Elementary School". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011.
- ^ "New Community School, Lafayette, IN". Archived from the original on August 9, 2011.
- ^ "Welcome to Vinton Elementary School". Archived from the original on March 23, 2010.
- ^ "Home - Battle Ground Elementary School". bge.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Burnett Creek Elementary". bce.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Hershey Elementary School". hes.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Klondike Elementary School". kes.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Dayton Elementary School". des.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - James Cole Elementary School". ces.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Mayflower Mill Elementary School". mme.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Mintonye Elementary School". mes.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Wea Ridge Elementary School". wre.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Woodland Elementary School". wes.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Home - Wyandotte Elementary School". wye.tsc.k12.in.us.
- ^ "Cumberland Elementary School". Archived from the original on September 26, 2006.
- ^ "Lafayette Catholic School System". www.lcss.org. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ "Lafayette Christian School - Lafayette, IN". www.lafayettechristian.org.
- ^ "Faith Christian School". Archived from the original on June 12, 2011.
- ^ Stagg, Ronald J. "Lloyd, Jesse". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
Bibliography
edit- General R. P. DeHart, ed. (1909). Past and Present of Tippecanoe County Indiana. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen and Company. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- General R. P. DeHart, ed. (1909). Past and Present of Tippecanoe County Indiana. Vol. 2. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen and Company. Retrieved December 11, 2010.