Timeline of the Weimar Republic

The Timeline of the Weimar Republic lists in chronological order the major events of the Weimar Republic, beginning with the final month of the German Empire and ending with the Nazi Enabling Act of 1933 that concentrated all power in the hands of Adolf Hitler. A second chronological section lists important cultural, scientific and commercial events during the Weimar era.

For a chronology focusing on the rise of Nazism see Early timeline of Nazism.

Politics and world affairs

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1918: end of the German Empire

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Prince Max von Baden, the last chancellor of the German Empire

1918: beginning of the Weimar Republic

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Emperor Wilhelm II in 1902. He fled Germany to the Netherlands and abdicated in November 1918.

1919

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Friedrich Ebert (left) and Philipp Scheidemann, first president and minister president (chancellor) of a democratic Germany
  • 6 February: The first meeting of the National Assembly takes place in Weimar, the city associated with Goethe and Schiller that will give the new republic its informal name. Berlin is considered too politically unstable to be the meeting place.[22]
  • 11 February: The Weimar National Assembly elects Friedrich Ebert of the SPD as president of Germany.[23]
  • 13 February: President Friedrich Ebert appoints Philipp Scheidemann of the SPD minister president (similar to chancellor).[24]
  • 21 February: Bavarian minister president Kurt Eisner is murdered in Munich by right-wing student Anton Arco-Valley.[25]
  • 3–13 March: In the Berlin March Battles, supporters of the Communist Party of Germany expand a general strike into an armed uprising intended to set up a council republic. The revolt is put down by government and Freikorps troops.[26]
  • 7 April: The Bavarian Soviet Republic is proclaimed in Munich. It lasts until 1 May 1919.[27]
  • 7 May: The German delegation at Versailles receives the Allies' peace conditions.[28]
  • 16 June: The German government receives an ultimatum from the Allied Powers demanding that they accept the Treaty of Versailles or risk being invaded.[29]
  • 20 June: After Minister President Philipp Scheidemann refuses to accept the Treaty of Versailles, he and his cabinet step down.[30] On the following day, Gustav Bauer, also of the SPD, takes Scheidemann's place.[31]
  • 23 June: Confronted with another Allied ultimatum, the Weimar National Assembly approves the Treaty of Versailles with no conditions.[29]
  • 28 June: The Treaty of Versailles is formally approved in the Hall of Mirrors.[28]
  • 12 July: The Allied blockade of Germany that had begun in 1914 ends.[32]
  • 31 July: The Weimar National Assembly approves the Weimar Constitution, 262 to 75.[33][34]
  • 14 August: The Weimar Constitution, which had been signed by President Friedrich Ebert three days previously, becomes effective.[35]
  • 18 November: In front of a parliamentary committee, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg implies that it was the failure of the home front that cost Germany victory in World War I. The statement helped give rise to the stab-in-the-back myth.[36]

1920

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Members of a Freikorps unit with swastikas on their helmets distributing leaflets during the Kapp Putsch

1921

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Matthias Erzberger, who was murdered by members of a right-wing terrorist group

1922

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1923

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  • 2 January: In a sign of growing inflation, it costs 7,525 marks to buy one U.S. dollar.[54]
  • 11 January: The Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops begins after Germany is declared to be in default on its reparations payments. Two days later the German government reacts with a call for passive resistance.[55]
 
Participants in the Beer Hall Putsch, in front of the New Town Hall in Munich

1924

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1925

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Paul von Hindenburg, second president of the Weimar Republic.

1926

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1927

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1928

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Gustav Stresemann, the German foreign minister who won a Nobel Peace Prize

1929

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1930

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Heinrich Brüning, chancellor of the first of Germany's undemocratic presidential cabinets

1931

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1932

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Kurt von Schleicher, who was chancellor immediately before Adolf Hitler

1933

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Cultural, scientific and commercial

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1919

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Max Planck, the first of fifteen Germans to win a Nobel Prize during the Weimar Republic

1920

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1921

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1922

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1924

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1925

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1926

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1927

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1928

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1929

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Poster for The Blue Angel

1930

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1931

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1932

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See also

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References

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