Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is a timeline of events during the lifespan of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The timeline also includes the background events starting with the Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
| Legend | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Military career | Leadership during Independence | Presidency | Personal life |
| 1876 | 1 September | Accession of Abdul Hamid II.[1] |
| 23 December | Promulgation of Ottoman constitution Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî). | |
| 1877 | 19 March | Opening of first Ottoman parliament. |
| 24 April | Russian troops enter Ottoman territory. | |
| 1878 | 14 February | Ottoman parliament dissolved. |
| 3 March | Russian victory confirmed by Treaty of San Stefano (Ayastefanos). | |
| 13 July | Treaty of Berlin replaces Treaty of San Stefano. | |
| 1881 | Mustafa (Kemal Atatürk) born in Salonica (Selanik, now Thessaloniki, Greece). | |
| 24 May | New border with Greece. Thessaly ceded to Greece. | |
| 1888 | Ali Rıza, Mustafa's father, dies. | |
| 1893 | Mustafa enters military preparatory school in Salonica. | |
| 1897 | Greco-Ottoman War. | |
| 1899 | 13 March | Mustafa Kemal enters infantry class of War College in Constantinople (now known in English as Istanbul). |
| 1902 | 10 February | Commissioned Second Lieutenant, and enters Staff College. |
| 1903 | Promoted First Lieutenant. | |
| 1905 | 11 January | Passes out as Staff Captain and is posted for Fifth Army in Syria; revives a secret opposition group in Damascus. |
| 1906 | Makes clandestine trip to Salonica. | |
| 1907 | 20 June | Promoted Adjutant-Major. |
| 13 October | Posted to Third Army headquarters in Salonica. | |
| 1908 | 22 June | Appointed to Inspectorate of Eastern Railways in Rumelia. |
| 24 July | Young Turk Revolution. | |
| September | Mustafa Kemal travels to Tripoli and Benghazi to re-establish CUP. | |
| 1909 | 13 January | Appointed chief of staff of 7th reserve division in Salonica. |
| 13 April | Travels with his division to the outskirts of Constantinople; 31 March Incident. | |
| 27 April | Abdul Hamid II deposed and succeeded by Mehmet V; 31 March Incident. | |
| 1910 | September | Visits French army manoeuvres in Picardy. |
| 1911 | 15 January | Appointed to 5th army corps headquarters. |
| January | Commander 38th infantry regiment. | |
| 13 September | Posted to general staff in Constantinople. | |
| September | Volunteers for service against the Italians in Cyrenaica. | |
| 27 November | Promoted Major. | |
| 1912 | 11 March | Appointed commander of Derne sector in Cyrenaica; Italo-Turkish War. |
| 8 October | First Balkan War. | |
| 8 October | Salonica falls to the Greeks. | |
| 24 October | Mustafa Kemal leaves Cyrenaica and returns to Constantinople. | |
| 25 November | Appointed director of operations of Straits Composite Force. | |
| 1913 | 23 January | CUP seizes power (1913 Ottoman coup d'état). |
| 24 March | Adrianople (Edirne) falls to the Bulgarians. | |
| 29 June | Second Balkan War. | |
| 21 July | Ottomans reoccupy Edirne. | |
| 29 September | Treaty of Constantinople fixes Turkish-Bulgarian frontier. | |
| 27 October | Mustafa Kemal appointed military attaché in Sofia. | |
| 1914 | 1 March | Mustafa Kemal promoted Lieutenant-Colonel. |
| 28 July | Austria declares war on Serbia; beginning of First World War. | |
| 2 August | Ottoman Empire signs Ottoman–German alliance. | |
| 29 October | After Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau Ottoman navy under German command shells Russian targets. | |
| 2 November | Russia declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
| 5 November | Britain declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
| 5 November | France declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
| 1915 | 20 January | Mustafa Kemal leaves Sofia to take up appointment as commander of 19th division for service in Battle of Gallipoli. |
| 21 March | Allied navy fails to force the straits at Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. | |
| 27 April | Allied troops Landing at Anzac Cove faced with Kemal. | |
| 6 August | Final attempts made by the British at Battle of Sari Bair faced with Kemal. | |
| 1919 | 30 April | Appointed the Inspector of the Ninth Army Troops. |
| 19 May | Kemal lands in Samsun. | |
| 8 July | Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of Third Army and from the army. | |
| 23 July | Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress. | |
| 1920 | 23 April | Kemal opens the Grand National Assembly (BMM) in Angora (now Ankara). |
| 11 May | Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Constantinople. | |
| 1921 | 5 August | Appointed Commander - in - Chief by the Grand National Assembly. |
| 23 August | The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal. | |
| 19 September | Kemal receives the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi (veteran, victorious warrior). | |
| 1922 | 26 August | Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe. |
| 30 August | Mustafa Kemal at the Battle of Dumlupınar. | |
| 10 September | Enters Izmir. | |
| 1 November | The Grand National Assembly abolish the Sultanate. | |
| 1923 | 14 January | Zübeyde Hanım dies in Smyrna (now Izmir). |
| 29 January | Mustafa Kemal and Latife Uşşakizade marry in Izmir. | |
| 29 October | Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. | |
| 29 October | Elected first president. | |
| 1928 | 9 August | Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet. |
| 1932 | 12 July | Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association).[2] |
| 1934 | 16 June | The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK". |
| 1938 | 10 November | He dies. |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th ed.). Chicago, Ill. 2010. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8. OCLC 351325565.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Tachau, Frank (1964). "Language and Politics: Turkish Language Reform". The Review of Politics. 26 (2): 196–198. doi:10.1017/S0034670500004733. ISSN 0034-6705. JSTOR 1405748. S2CID 144763761.