The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Le Havre, France.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1516 – Harbour construction begins.[1]
- 1520 - Belltower of Le Havre Cathedral.
- 1524 - Port of Le Havre opened.[1]
- 1562 - Town delivered over to the keeping of Queen Elizabeth I by Louis, Prince of Condé.[1]
- 1563 - English, under Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick expelled.[1]
- 1572 - Despatched vessels for whale and cod-fishing at Spitsbergen and Newfoundland.[1]
- 1669 - The oldest of the nine harbour basins dates from here.[1]
- 1672 – Le Havre becomes the "entrepôt of the French East India Company."[1]
- 1694 – Le Havre besieged by Anglo-Dutch forces during the Nine Years' War.[1]
- 1750 – Journal du Havre newspaper begins publication.[2][3]
- 1752 – Almanach de la Marine au Havre published.[4]
- 1772 – City directory published.[5]
- 1790 – Le Havre becomes part of the Seine Inférieure souveraineté.[6]
- 1800 – Bibliothèque municipale du Havre (library) opens.[7]
- 1806 – Population: 19,482.[6]
- 1833 – Société havraise d'études diverses founded.
- 1839 – Courrier du Havre newspaper begins publication.[4][8]
- 1845 – Musée des Beaux-Arts opens.[9]
- 1847
- Le Havre station opened.
- Paris–Le Havre railway begins operating.
- 1848 – Banque Chalot founded.[10]
- 1851 – Population: 56,964.[6]
- 1857 – Hôtel de Ville built.[11]
- 1864 – Crédit havrais (bank) established.[10]
- 1868 – Le Havre newspaper begins publication.[2]
- 1874 – Tram begins operating.
- 1876 – Population: 92,068.[12]
- 1881
- Petit Havre newspaper begins publication.[2]
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle du Havre opens.
- 1884 – Société de géographie du Havre founded.[13]
- 1886 – Population: 112,074.[14]
- 1887 - Canal de Tancarville completed.[1]
- 1888 – Cantons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 created.[6]
20th century
edit- 1904 – Havre-Eclair newspaper begins publication.[2]
- 1905 – Le Havre sports football club formed.
- 1906 - Population: 129,403.[1]
- 1911 – Population: 136,159.[15]
- 1913 – Société linnéenne de la Seine-Maritime founded.[13]
- 1919 – The village of Graville-Sainte-Honnorine is annexed by Le Havre.
- 1928 – Havre escalator begins operating.
- 1932 – Gare du Havre rebuilt.[16]
- 1940 – May: Bombing of city by Allied forces begins (→Bombing of France during World War II).
- 1944 – September: greatest destruction of the city centre and the port during bombings of the British Royal Air Force, more than 5,000 dead (Operation Astonia).
- 1945 – Rebuilding begins ("75% of Le Havre was leveled in Second World War").[17](fr)
- 1958 – Hôtel de Ville rebuilt.[18]
- 1961 – Museum of modern art opens.[9]
- 1968 – Le Havre presse newspaper in publication.
- 1971 – André Duroméa becomes mayor.
- 1974 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Havre established.[19]
- 1975 – Population: 217,882.[6]
- 1984 – Le Havre twinned with Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo.[20]
- 1985 – Le Havre twinned with Dalian, China.[20]
- 1990 – Population: 195,854.[16]
- 1995 – Antoine Rufenacht becomes mayor.
21st century
edit- 2008 – Hanging Gardens, Le Havre established.[21]
- 2010
- Édouard Philippe becomes mayor.
- Population: 177,259.
- 2011
- 2012 – Le Havre tramway begins operating.
- 2014 – March: Havre municipal election, 2014 held.
- 2015
- Le Havre Normandy University opened.
- December: Normandy regional election, 2015 held.[22]
- 2016 – Le Havre becomes part of Normandy (administrative region).
Images
edit-
Railway station, built 1882 -
Place Gambetta, circa 1910 -
Entrance to escalator, installed in 1928
See also
edit- other cities in the Normandy region
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
- ^ Lechevalier 1901.
- ^ a b "Culture, sciences, loisirs, célébrations". Chronologies thématiques (in French). Archives Municipales de la ville du Havre. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Le Havre, EHESS (in French).
- ^ "Histoire de la bibliothèque". Bibliothèques municipales du Havre (in French). Ville du Havre. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Frère 1860, p. 120.
- ^ a b Anton 2013.
- ^ a b "France". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922. hdl:2027/hvd.hb1sji.
- ^ "Quartier de l'Hôtel de ville au Havre". LH IMMO. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "France". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1882. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590428.
- ^ a b "Sociétés savantes de France (Le Havre)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b "Chronologie par périodes historiques" (in French). Archives Municipales de la ville du Havre. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 767, OL 6112221M
- ^ "L'Hôtel de Ville du Havre (1958–2018), symbole de la Reconstruction". Le Havre Archives. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c "Jumelage et coopération". LeHavre.fr (in French). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "Résultats élections: Le Havre", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Abraham Rees (1819), "Le Havre", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241179
- "Havre", Handbook for Travellers in France (8th ed.), London: John Murray, 1861
- Frederick Martin (1867), "Havre", Commercial Handbook of France, London: Longmans, Green, OCLC 4471325
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Havre", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 527–528.
- "Le Havre", Northern France (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1899, OCLC 2229516
- "Le Havre". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/hvd.hn52kf.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 82–83.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Havre-de-Grace", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
in French
edit- Édouard Frère (1860). "Journaux: Seine-Inf.: Havre". Manuel du bibliographie normand (in French). Vol. 2. Rouen. p. 120. hdl:2027/hvd.32044093616647.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Almanach du commerce du Havre (in French). 1878.
- A.E. Borély. Histoire de la ville du Havre (in French). Lepelletier. 1880–1885
- Auguste Lechevalier (1901). Bibliographie méthodique de l'arrondissement du Havre (in French). H. Micaux and Société havraise d'études diverses.
- Le Havre. Guides Joanne (in French). 1914. hdl:2027/uc1.31158008894346.
- Sonia Anton, ed. (2013). Le Territoire littéraire du Havre dans la première moitié du XXe siècle (in French). Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre. ISBN 979-10-240-0036-7.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Le Havre.
- Items related to Le Havre, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Le Havre, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
- Le Havre de Grace on the 1750 Cassini Map
- 1900 Summer Olympics official report (in French)
- 1924 Summer Olympics official report (in French)
- A photographic record of the storm of iron & fire; Le Havre 1944