The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Erfurt, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
edit- 741 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt established.[1]
- 755 - Catholic diocese absorbed into that of Mainz.[2]
- 805 - Market rights granted by Charlemagne.[2]
- 932 - Religious Synod of Erfurt held.[3]
- 1060 - Benedictine Peterskloster (monastery) first recorded mention.[3]
- 1094 - Old Synagogue construction begins [4]
- 1109 - Landgrave of Thuringia in power.[2]
- 1255 - Municipal rights granted by bishop Gerhard I. von Dhaun.[2]
- 1277 - Building of St. Augustine's Monastery begun.[5]
- 1290 - Rebuilt St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.[6]
- 1325 - Stone Merchant's Bridge built.[7]
- 1349 - 21 March: Pogrom against Jews.
- 1392 - University of Erfurt opens.[7]
- 1472 - Fire.[7]
- 1480 - Building of Cyriaksburg Citadel begun.[8]
- 1483 - Saxons in power per Treaty of Amorbach.[7]
- 1494 - Printing press in operation.[9]
- 1521 - Protestant reformation.[2]
- 1664 - Erfurt becomes part of the Electorate of Mainz.[2]
- 1665 - Foundation stone for Petersberg Citadel laid on 1 June 1665.[10]
- 1754 - Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt (learned society) formed.[11]
19th century
edit- 1802 - Erfurt becomes part of Prussia.[2]
- 1806 - 16 October: Prussian forces capitulate to French at Erfurt during the War of the Fourth Coalition.
- 1807 - Principality of Erfurt of the French Empire established.
- 1808 - International Congress of Erfurt held in the Kaisersaal and other venues from 27 September to 14 October 1808 .[2]
- 1816 - University of Erfurt closes.[7]
- 1840 - Kleine Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.[3]
- 1847 - Erfurt Hauptbahnhof (train station) opens.
- 1850 - Erfurt Union of German states created.
- 1862 - Königlich Preußische Gewehrfabrik Erfurt (manufactory) established.
- 1863 - Verein für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde von Erfurt (history society) founded.[3]
- 1865 - Stadtarchiv Erfurt (city archives) established.[12]
- 1869 - Nordhausen–Erfurt railway begins operating.
- 1875 - Rathaus (Erfurt) (town hall) built.[2]
- 1878 - Topf and Sons founded as an engineering firm. It later made crematoria for Nazi concentration camps.
- 1878 - the Andreasstrasse Prison opened.
- 1880 - Population: 53,254.[13]
- 1884 - Große Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.
- 1889 - Martin Luther monument (Erfurt) erected on the Anger.[3]
- 1891 - Meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Germany held in city; "Erfurt Program" adopted.
- 1895 - Population: 78,174.[14]
20th century
edit- 1909 - Gutenbergschule (school) opens.
- 1911 - Ilversgehofen becomes part of Erfurt.(de)
- 1919 - Population: 129,646.[15]
- 1937 - Population: 152,651.(de)
- 1938 - Hochheim and Melchendorf become part of Erfurt.(de)
- 1940 - Bombing of Erfurt in World War II started.[3]
- 1945
- April: United States forces take city.[3]
- July: City becomes part of the Soviet Occupation zone of Germany.[3]
- 1949 - City becomes part of the German Democratic Republic.[3]
- 1945 - Thüringische Landeszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1950
- Bindersleben, Bischleben-Stedten, Dittelstedt, Gispersleben, Marbach, Möbisburg-Rhoda, and Schmira become part of Erfurt.(de)
- City becomes capital of the Kreis Erfurt-Land (district).[7]
- 1952 - Neue Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.
- 1958 - Thüringer Zoopark Erfurt founded.[16]
- 1960 - Heimattreue Erfurter association of Erfurters who moved to West Germany founded.[3]
- 1971 - Population: 198,265.(de)
- 1974 - Stadtmuseum Erfurt opens in the Haus zum Stockfisch.[3]
- 1989 - Demonstrations against the GDR government,[17] and citizens' occupation of the Stasi district headquarters and Stasi prison in Andreasstrasse.[18]
- 1990
- City becomes capital of state of Thuringia in the reunited nation of Germany.[7]
- Manfred Ruge becomes mayor.
- Thüringer Allgemeine newspaper in publication.
- 1993 - University of Erfurt reestablished.[7]
- 1994
- Alach, Azmannsdorf, Büßleben, Egstedt, Ermstedt, Frienstedt, Gottstedt, Hochstedt, Kerspleben, Kühnhausen, Linderbach, Mittelhausen, Molsdorf, Niedernissa, Rohda, Salomonsborn, Schaderode, Schwerborn, Stotternheim, Tiefthal, Töttelstädt, Töttleben, Urbich, Vieselbach, Wallichen, Waltersleben, and Windischholzhausen become part of Erfurt.(de)
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt reestablished.[1]
- 1995 - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt (museum) built.[3]
- 1997 - Erfurt Stadtbahn (tram) begins operating.
21st century
edit- 2001 - April: Topf and Sons squat begins.[19]
- 2002 - 26 April: Erfurt school massacre occurs.
- 2006 - Andreas Bausewein becomes mayor.
- 2007 - Erfurter Bahn (railway) begins operating.
- 2010 - Population: 204,994.(de)
See also
edit- History of Erfurt
- List of mayors of Erfurt (1817–present; in German)
- History of the Jews in Erfurt
- List of heritage sites in Erfurt
- Thuringia history (state)
References
edit- ^ a b "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Geschichte: Chronik" [Historical Chronology]. Erfurt.de: das offizielle Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Thüringens (in German). Landeshauptstadt Erfurt. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ Jewish Life in Erfurt. Old synagogue Retrieved 3 June 2017
- ^ Stade, Heinz (2010) Augustinerkloster. Luther-Ort und Stätte der Begegnung, Bonn: Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz
- ^ "Erfurt", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 18 November 2016
- ^ a b c d e f g h Levi 1995.
- ^ Die Cyriaksburg: Sitz des Deutschen Gartenbaumuseums Erfurt. Retrieved 23 December 2017
- ^ Bouchot, Henri (1890). H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co. pp. 368–374.
- ^ Verein der Freunde der Citadelle Petersberg zu Erfurt e.V. (2015). 350 Jahre Zitadelle Petersberg. Tagungsband: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquim zum 350. Jahrestages der Grundsteinlegung der Zitadelle Petersberg vom 29. Mai bis 31 Mai 2015. Universität Erfurt.
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "Geschichte des Stadtarchivs Erfurt". Erfurt.de: das offizielle Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Thüringens (in German). Landeshauptstadt Erfurt. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ "Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "German Empire: States of Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. p. 372. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ Raßloff, Steffen (27 October 2012) Besetzung Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung 1989. Die Angst überwunden. Denkmale in Erfurt (69): Mit der Besetzung der ersten Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung gab Erfurt am 4. Dezember 1989 ein DDR-weites Signal. Beitrag der Serie Denkmale in Erfurt aus der Thüringer Allgemeine on www.efurt-web.de. Retrieved 6 August 2019
- ^ How ordinary people smashed the Stasi in The Local.de, 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2019
- ^ "Ende einer Entführung: Polizei befreit Bernd das Brot", Der Spiegel (in German), 1 February 2009
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- "Erfurt". Handbook for North Germany (20th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1886. hdl:2027/hvd.hn1imr.
- "Erfurt". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/njp.32101065312892.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Erfurt", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 5, New York, 1903, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282276
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Erfurt", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 – via Internet Archive
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 736–737.
- Levi, Anthony (1995). "Erfurt". In Trudy Ring (ed.). Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 267–271. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Erfurt". Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Garland. pp. 208–210. ISBN 978-0-8240-7644-3.
in German
edit- "Erfurt". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
- "Erfurt". Neuestes Reisehandbuch für Thüringen. Meyers Reisebücher (in German). Hildburghausen: Bibliographisches Institut. 1864. hdl:2027/njp.32101030685257.
- Erfurt in seiner Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: historisch-topographischer Führer durch die Stadt (in German). Carl Villaret. 1868.
- "Erfurt". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064478.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Erfurt". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Benary, Friedrich (1919). Zur Geschichte der Stadt und der Universität Erfurt am Ausgang des Mittelalters (in German). Gotha.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Thüringen. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). 1919.
- Dehio, Georg (2003). Thüringen. Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler (in German). Munich. ISBN 3-422-03095-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Geschichte der Stadt Erfurt (in German). Weimar. 1986.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Friedhilde Krause; Felicitas Marwinski, eds. (1998). "Erfurt". Thüringen (in German). Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 176–221. ISBN 9783487418148.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Köbler, Gerhard (2007). "Erfurt". Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder (in German) (7th ed.). Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 171. ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1.
- Raßloff, Steffen (2012). Geschichte der Stadt Erfurt (in German). Erfurt: Sutton Verlag. ISBN 978-3-95400-044-9.
- Stade, Heinz, et al. (2015) Erfurt: eine Stadt im Wandel, Leipzig: Edition Leipzig. ISBN 978-3361007130
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Erfurt.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Erfurt via Wikisource
- Items related to Erfurt, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Erfurt, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)