| Table: Rūpa jhāna | ||||
| Cetasika (mental factors) |
First jhāna |
Second jhāna |
Third jhāna |
Fourth jhāna |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kāma / Akusala dhamma (sensuality / unskillful qualities)
|
secluded from; withdrawn |
does not occur | does not occur | does not occur |
| Pīti (rapture)
|
seclusion-born; pervades body |
samādhi-born; pervades body |
fades away (along with distress) |
does not occur |
| Sukha (non-sensual pleasure)
|
pervades physical body |
abandoned (no pleasure nor pain) | ||
| Vitakka ("applied thought")
|
accompanies jhāna |
unification of awareness free from vitakka and vicāra |
does not occur | does not occur |
| Vicāra ("sustained thought")
| ||||
| Upekkhāsatipārisuddhi | does not occur | internal confidence | equanimous; mindful |
purity of equanimity and mindfulness |
| Sources:[1][2][3] | ||||
References
- ^ Bodhi, Bhikku (2005). In the Buddha's Words. Somerville: Wisdom Publications. pp. 296–8 (SN 28:1-9). ISBN 978-0-86171-491-9.
- ^ "Suttantapiñake Aïguttaranikàyo § 5.1.3.8". MettaNet-Lanka (in Pali). Archived from the original on 2007-11-05. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ Bhikku, Thanissaro (1997). "Samadhanga Sutta: The Factors of Concentration (AN 5.28)". Access to Insight. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Template:JhanaFactors lists factors traditionally identified as related to Buddhist states of meditative absorption (jhana). This includes factors that both whose quelling immediately precede and that are concurrent with jhana states.
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Background information
editThese jhana factors are those identified in the Pali Canon's Sutta Pitaka, such as Samyutta Nikaya 28.1-4 and AN 5.28.[citation needed]
The discourses identify two factors that are withdrawn from prior to the arising of the first jhana state:[1][2]
- Kama - sensuality
- Akusala dhamma - unskillful or unwholesome states or qualities
The factors identified with jhana states are:[1][2]
- Piti - joy
- Sukha - happiness
- Vitakka - "applied thought"
- Vicara - "sustained thought"
- Ekaggata - unification of awareness
- Sampasadana - inner tranquility
- Upekkha - equanimity
- Upekkhāsatipārisuddhi - purity of equanimity and mindfulness
More than just checking off which of these factors is present or absent in a particular jhana state, this table attempts to show in what way the factor is present or overcome as articulated by the aforementioned discourses.
It is hoped that this template's visual representation of the stepwise progression of factors entailed in the development of jhana states will help readers appreciate what is achieved with such attainment and its pertinence to the overall Buddhist pursuit of nirvana.
Sources
edit- Bucknell, Robert S. (1993), "Reinterpreting the Jhanas", Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 16 (2)
- Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, BRILL
The sources for this template are included in the table itself. They include the Sinhala edition of Pali text (gratis MettaNet-Lanka) as well as the English translations of two popular contemporary translators, Bhikkhu Bodhi and Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Some condensation of their translations was done to keep this table simple and relatively small. (The actual URLs for the identified web sites are wiki-piped into the hosting site's identified name [MettaNet-Lanka, Access to Insight] for the sake of relative textual brevity.)
Wikipedia's policy on verifiability states:
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- ^ a b Vetter 1988.
- ^ a b Bucknell 1993.