Manganese, 25Mn
A rough fragment of lustrous silvery metal
Pure manganese cube and oxidized manganese chips
Manganese
Pronunciation/ˈmæŋɡənz/ (MANG-gə-neez)
Appearancesilvery metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Mn)
Manganese in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
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Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
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Mn

Tc
chromiummanganeseiron
Atomic number (Z)25
Groupgroup 7
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 13, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1519 K ​(1246 °C, ​2275 °F)
Boiling point2334 K ​(2061 °C, ​3742 °F)
Density (at 20° C)7.476 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)5.95 g/cm3
Heat of fusion12.91 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization221 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.32 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1228 1347 1493 1691 1955 2333
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +2, +4, +7
−3,[4] −1,[4] 0,? +1,[4], +3,[4] +5,[4], +6[4]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 717.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1509.0 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3248 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 127 pm
Covalent radiusLow spin: 139±5 pm
High spin: 161±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of manganese
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureα-Mn: ​body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI58)
Lattice constant
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for α-Mn: manganese
a = 891.16 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion23.61×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal conductivity7.81 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity1.44 µΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility(α) +529.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[5]
Young's modulus198 GPa
Bulk modulus120 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod5150 m/s (at 20 °C)
Mohs hardness6.0
Brinell hardness196 MPa
CAS Number7439-96-5
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)
First isolationJohann Gottlieb Gahn (1774)
Isotopes of manganese
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
52Mn synth 5.591 d β+ 52Cr
53Mn trace 3.7×106 y ε 53Cr
54Mn synth 312.081 d ε 54Cr
β 54Fe
β+ 54Cr
55Mn 100% stable
 Category: Manganese
| references
Mn · Manganese
Cr ←

ibox Cr

iso
25
Mn  [e]
IB-Mn [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Fe

ibox Fe

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Mn}
Main isotopes of manganese
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
52Mn synth 5.591 d β+ 52Cr
53Mn trace 3.7×106 y ε 53Cr
54Mn synth 312.081 d ε 54Cr
β 54Fe
β+ 54Cr
55Mn 100% stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: )

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Manganese". CIAAW. 2017.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  5. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  6. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.