Wikipedia

Tangail District

This article is about the district. For the city, see Tangail. For the upazila, see Tangail Sadar Upazila.

Tangail (Bengali: টাঙ্গাইল জেলা, romanized: Ṭāṅgāila Jēlā) is a district (zila) in the central region of Bangladesh. In 1969, Tangail mahakuma was separated from Mymensingh district, and a district of the same name as the mahakuma's was created. The district consists of 237 square kilometers of the prior mahakuma and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from Mymensingh district. It is the largest district of Dhaka division by area and second largest by population (after Dhaka district). The population of Tangail zila is about 4 million and its area is 3,414.28 square kilometres (1,318.26 sq mi).[3] The main city of the district is Tangail. It is surrounded by Jamalpur District on the north, the Dhaka and Manikganj Districts on the south, Mymensingh and Gazipur on the east, and Sirajganj on the west.

Tangail
টাঙ্গাইল
District of Bangladesh
201 Dome Mosque, Pakutia Zamindar Bari, Atia Mosque, Madhupur National Park, Hemnagar Zamindar Bari
Location of Tangail District in Bangladesh
Location of Tangail District in Bangladesh
Map
Expandable map of Tangail District
Coordinates: 24°18′N 90°00′E / 24.30°N 90.00°E / 24.30; 90.00
Country Bangladesh
DivisionDhaka
HeadquartersTangail
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerJashim Uddin Haider
Area
3,414.28 km2 (1,318.26 sq mi)
 • Metro
29.52 km2 (11.40 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
4,037,608
 • Rank5th in Bangladesh
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
1900
Area code0921
ISO 3166 codeBD-63
HDI (2018)0.574[2]
medium · 18th of 21
Websitetangail.gov.bd

History

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Provincial Map of Bengal showing Greater Mymensingh Area (present Mymensingh Division with Tangail and Kishoreganj) in 1917

Until 1969, Tangail was a part of Greater Mymensingh. In 1969 the Tangail District was established. Tangail district was created by Tangail Mohokuma from its 237 square kilometers of land and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from Mymensingh district. The main rivers that cross the Tangail district are the Jamuna, Dhaleshwari, Jhenai, Bangshi, Louhajang, Langulia, Elongjani, Jugni, Pouli, Fotikjani and the Turag.

Administration

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Upazilas of Tangail

The subdivision of Tangail was established in 1870. It was turned into a district on 1 December 1969.[4] The district consists of 11 municipalities, 108 wards of these municipalities, 109 Union Parishads and 2516 villages.

Tangail district is subdivided into 12 Upazilas:[5]

Name Population (1991) Population (2001) Population (2011)
Basail 148,555 160,346 159,870
Bhuapur 177,095 190,910 189,913
Delduar 175,684 188,449 207,278
Dhanbari – – 176,068
Ghatail 341,376 371,952 417,939
Gopalpur 252,747 274,273 252,331
Kalihati 354,959 376,407 410,293
Madhupur – 422,889 296,729[a]
Mirzapur 337,496 366,609 407,781
Nagarpur 238,422 258,431 288,092
Sakhipur 220,281 241,665 277,685
Tangail Sadar 380,518 438,765 521,104
Tangail District 3,002,428 3,290,696 3,605,083

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974 2,077,924—    
1981 2,442,607+2.34%
1991 3,002,428+2.08%
2001 3,290,696+0.92%
2011 3,605,083+0.92%
2022 4,037,608+1.04%
Sources:[1][6]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Tangail District had 1,061,746 households and a population of 4,037,608 with an average 3.75 people per household. Among the population, 696,537 (17.25%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,188 people per km2. Tangail District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 69.75%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1075 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 22.60% of the population lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 23,708 (0.59%), of which 12,610 were Garo, 5,219 Barman and 4,845 Koch.[1]

Religion

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Religions in Tangail District (2022)[1]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 93.20%
Hinduism
 
 6.37%
Other or not stated
 
 0.43%
Religion in present-day Tangail District
Religion 1941[7]: 96–97 [b] 1981[6] 1991[6] 2001[6] 2011[6] 2022[1]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam   956,006 73.83% 2,212,613 90.58% 2,747,921 91.52% 3,042,937 92.47% 3,342,596 92.72% 3,762,822 93.20%
Hinduism   336,081 25.96% 219,856 9.00% 236,106 7.86% 234,088 7.11% 246,237 6.83% 257,351 6.37%
Christianity   37 0.00% 7,328 0.30% 12,140 0.40% 12,820 0.39% 14,125 0.39% 15,191 0.38%
Others [c] 2,679 0.21% 2,810Mymensingh 0.12% 3,739 0.22% 851 0.03% 2,125 0.06% 2,244 0.05%
Total Population 1,294,803 100% 2,442,607 100% 3,002,428 100% 3,290,696 100% 3,605,083 100% 4,037,608 100%

In 2011, Muslims made up 92.72% and 6.83% were Hindus. There is a small population of Christians near Madhupur National Park, mainly Garo tribals, while other ethnic communities: the Koch and Barman, are mainly Hindu and animist.[8]

Geography

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The total area of the zila is 3414.28 km2 (1318.00 sq mi), of which 497.27 km2 (192.00 sq mi) is forested. The zila lies between 24° 01′ and 24° 47′ north latitudes and between 89° 44′ and 90° 18′ east longitudes.

Border

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Jamalpur district in the north, Dhaka district and Manikganj district in the south, Mymensingh district and Gazipur district in the east, Sirajganj district in the west.

River system

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Main article: List of rivers of Bangladesh

Tangail district is flanked on the west by the Jamuna River, which is over 4 miles wide during the rainy season. The Dhaleswari, first an old channel of the Ganges and then of the Brahmaputra, cuts across the southwestern comer of the district on its powerful sweep to join the Meghna near Narayanganj. The old name of Dhaleswari was "Gajghata". It used to flow afterward by the Salimabad channel and then at last by Porabari channel.

A part of the eastern boundary of the district runs close to the Banar river. The river Bangshi flows almost down the middle of the district, branching out from the old Brahmaputra to the north from near Jamalpur. Bangshi falls into Dhaleswari near Savar, in Dhaka district. The Bangshi forms a natural barrier to the Madhupur Jungle on the Tangail side, all the way from Madhupur to Mirzapur Upazila. It is only fordable at two or three places near Basail on its way to river Meghna. Dhaleswari itself, however, takes out from the Jamuna from inside Tangail district.

Among other important rivers of the district, Lohajang is worth mentioning. It flows past the district headquarters of Tangail and is almost dead at present (in moribund condition). Other rivers are Khiru, Nanglai Nadi, Atai, Elengjani, Fatikjani, Bairan and Jhinai. The old Brahmaputra's most important offshoot is the Jhinai; striking off near Jamalpur it rejoins the Jamuna north of Sarishabari, while another branch flows past Gopalpur. Now these subsystems of rivers, viz Bangshi and Banar, and the Lohajang, Khiru, Nangtai Nadi, Atia and Jhinai are dying out because of the shift of the old Brahmaputra river from its former channel to the present Jamuna channel.

Education

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The central school of Tangail is Bindu Basini Govt. Boys' High School established in 1880. Bindu Basini Govt. Girls' High School was established in 1882. These two schools were patronized and endowed by Rani Bindubasini Roy Chowdhurany and were named after her. These are nationally rewarded double shift schools.

Santosh Jahnnabi High School was established in 1870. It is the oldest school in Tangail and the second oldest in the greater Mymensingh district. Shibnath High School, Vivekananda High school, Police Lines High School, Zilla Sadar Girls' High School are some high schools in Tangail.

In 1926, the Government Saadat College was established by Wazed Ali Khan Panni, a zamindar and educationalist of Tangail. He named it after the name of his grandfather Saadat Ali Khan Panni. Govt. M. M. Ali College was established by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani at Kagmari (1 km from the main city) is one of the first government colleges in Bangladesh. Kumudini College was established in 1943 by Ranada Prasad Saha, philanthropist of Tangail. He named it after his mother Kumudini. Later the college was converted into Kumudini Government Women's College. He also established Bharateswari Homes in 1945 at Mirzapur. He named it after his grandmother Bharateswari Devi. Mirzapur Cadet College, the third cadet college of Bangladesh, was established in 1963. The then president of Pakistan Field Marshal Ayub Khan took initiatives to establish this cadet college.

There is a technical university named Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University at Santosh, Tangail. A government textile engineering college named Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College (BTEC) at Kalihati, Tangail was established in 2007. A government medical college named Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Tangail is located in Tangail. This medical college was established in 2014.

Tangail has 341 non-government high schools, 86 satellite schools, 5 government colleges, 48 non-government colleges, 3 university colleges, 1 textile engineering college, 1 medical college, 1 law college, 1 homoeopathy college, 1 textile institute,1 polytechnic institute, 1 Medical assistant training school, 2 nursing institutes, 1 police academy, 202 madrasas, 40 secondary schools (SSC),[9] 941 government primary schools, 395 non-government primary schools, 1 teachers' training school, 146 community primary schools and 1304 NGO-operated schools.

Urbanization

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Tangail City

The urban growth rate of Tangail District is increasing as it is close to the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. There are 11 municipalities in Tangail District. Tangail municipality is planned to be converted into a City Corporation in next couple of years alongside 11 other old district headquarters of Bangladesh.

Urban area Area (km2) No. of wards Population
Tangail 29.43 18 750000
Gopalpur 23.12 9 50,160
Sakhipur 27.62 9 30,028
Bhuapur 13.92 9 28,708
Madhupur 24.77 9 56,342
Ghatail 28.09 11 3,00,000
Kalihati 14.52 9 37,038
Elenga 23.24 9 55,000
Basail 9 13,496
Mirzapur 8.58 9 28,602
Nagarpur 8.58 9 28,602
Dhanbari 25.62 9 36,125

Economy

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Jackfruit, Modhupur Tangail
 
Rubber garden, Pirgacha, Tangail

Agriculture is the main occupation of the Tangail district. About 49.53% of people are involved with agricultural activities. Its main agricultural products are paddy, potato, jute, sugarcane, sesame, linseed, wheat, mustard seed and pulse. About 3,386.53 km2 (1,307.55 sq mi) of cultivable lands are available in Tangail. The main fruit products are mangos, jackfruit, bananas, litchis, and pineapples. Other sectors, such as fisheries (446), dairies (189), industries, weaving and poultry farms (538) are developing in the Tangail district. Tangail is the home of the weavers of the world-famous "Tangail Saree".

Sarees

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Tangail Saree a handloom saree made of cotton and silk thread having hand-worked butte design, all-over flowery design, or contemporary art motif is appreciated, bought, and used by women and girls of Bangladeshi and Indian origin all over the world. Tangail Saris are famous at home and abroad. Large numbers of sarees are sold on the occasion of Eid, Puja, Pahela Boishakh and wedding season between November and February. The weavers get orders from home and abroad. Tangail Sarees are produced in Tangail Sadar Upazila, Delduar Upazila and Kalihati Upazila. Pathrail in Delduar Upazila and Barabelta, Kabilapara (Porabari Union) in Sadar Upazila are famous for fine and expensive sarees.

A survey conducted in 2013 said there were 60,000 looms in Tangail. Of them, 8,305 are pit looms, 51,141 are Chittranjan looms and 892 are power looms. About 325,000 labourers, owners and traders are connected with the profession. The factories have been producing Tangail sarees worth Tk 300-Tk 20,000 apiece.[10]

Industry

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There are many industries growing rapidly in Gorai Industrial Area. These include Square Group, Nasir Glassware industry, Olympic Battery, North Bengal cycle industry, and Tangail Cotton mill. There are many garments and textiles in Gorai. BSCIC Tarotia also has some industries. Alauddin Textile mill is in Tangail.


Notable people

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Members of tenth Jatiyo Sangsad (2014–present)

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The members of the national parliament are:[11]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Madhupur upazila was divided into Madhupur and Dhanbari upazilas
  2. ^ 1941 figures are for Tangail subdivision of erstwhile Mymensingh district, which roughly corresponds to the present district.
  3. ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tangail District.
  1. ^ a b c d e Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023.
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Tangail P-XV" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  4. ^ D. Shamsul Haque Mia (March 1999). Education in Tangail. Tangail Forum. pp. 26–27.
  5. ^ "Local Government Engineering Department". Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Tangail" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  7. ^ "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF).
  8. ^ "Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  9. ^ Secondary School Certificate (SSC)
  10. ^ "Weaving industry hit hard by political unrest". The Independent. Dhaka. 2 March 2015.
  11. ^ "List of 10th Parliament Members". Bangladesh Parliament. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
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