Talk:Pāṇini/Dating

This is a subpage of Talk:Pāṇini, to keep track of the discussions on his dating, and to give an overview of sources.

Discussions

• Talk:Pāṇini/Archive 1#Life Dates
• Talk:Pāṇini/Archive 1#"traditional date": "Article says: "The scholarly mainstream favours 600-500 BCE". Unfortunately these dates are based on the old chronologies for the Buddha which are no longer current. The scholarly consensus has shifted the date of the Buddha by a century to ca. 480-400 BCE."
• Talk:Pāṇini/Archive 1#Dating data

4th century BCE

• Vincenzo Vergiani (2017): "For a survey of scholarship about Panini's date see George cardona, Panini: A Survey of Research (Delhi:Motilall Banarsidass, 1980), p.260-262. Oskar von Hinüber, Der Beginn der Schrift und fruhe Schriftlichkeit in Indien (Wiesbaden: Steiner Verlag, 1989), p.34 presents evidence that suggests dating Panini to the 4th century."
• Johannes Bronkhorst (2016)"...thanks to the work carried out by Hinüber (1990:34-35) and Falk (1993: 303-304), we now know that Pāṇini lived, in all probability, far closer in time to the period of Asoka than had hitherto been thought. According to Falk's reasoning, Panini must have lived during the decennia following 350 BCE, i.e. just before (or contemporaneously with?) the invasion of Alexander of Macedonia."
• Keith Allan ed. (2013), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics, Oxford University Press, p.107: "about 400 to 350 BCE"
• Michael Witzel (2009): "c. 350 BCE"
• Upinder Singh (2008), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India p.258: "5th or 4th century BCE"
• Madhav Deshpande and Peter Edwin Hook (eds)(2002), Indian Linguistic Studies, Motilal Banarsidass, p.207 and p.215: "ca. 4th cent. B.C.E." and "ca. 350 B.C.E."
• Roy W. Perrett (ed.)(2001), Indian Philosophy: Logic and philosophy of language, Routledge, Introduction, p.xv: "c.350 BCE"
• Kamal K. Misra: "But Pāṇini himself has acknowledged at least ten great Indian grammatrians before him, and one of them was Yaska, whose writings date back to the middle of the 4th century B.C."
• George Cardona (1997): "The evidence for dating Panini, Katyayana and Patanjali is not absolutely probative and depends on interpretation. However, I think there is one certainty, namely that the evidence available hardly allows one to date Panini later than the earky to mid fourth century B. C."

6th to 5th century BCE

• Joseph George Gheverghese (2016), Indian Mathematics: Engaging With The World From Ancient To Modern Times, World Scientific, p.98: "work by Panini (sixth century BCE)"
• Charles Higham (2014), Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations, Infobase Publishing, p. 258: "Panini (sixth or fifth century B.C.E.)" (no further source provided)
• Frits Staal (1996 (1989)), Ritual and Mantras: Rules Without Meaning, Motilal Banarsidass publ., p. 39: "Panini (6th or 5th century b.c.e.)"
• Hartmut Scharfe (1977): "Panini’s date can be fixed only approximately; he must be older than Katyayana (c. 250 B.C.) who in his comments on Panini’s work refers to other [stni] earlier scholars dealing with Pamni’s grammar; his proximity to the Vedic language as found in the Upanisads and Vedic sutra's suggests the 5th or maybe 6th c. B.C." Scharfe refers to: "F. Kielhoek, GGN 1885.186f.; B. Liebich, BB 10.205-234; 11.273-315 and his book, Panini (Leipzig, 1891), p. 38-50; 0. Wecker, BB 30. 1-61+177-207; P. Thieme, Panini and the Veda (Allahabad, 1935), p. 75-81."
• Encyclopedia Britannica: "Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī (“Eight Chapters”), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini."

Sources

Printed sources

• Bronkhorst, Johannes (2016), How the Brahmins Won: From Alexander to the Guptas, BRILL
• Cardona, George (1997) [1976], Pāṇini: A Survey of Research, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1494-3
• Misra, Kamal K. (2000), Textbook of Anthropological Linguistics, Concept Publishing Company
• Scharfe, Hartmut (1977), Grammatical Literature, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-01706-0
• Vergiani, Vincenzo (2017), "Bhartrhari on Language, Perception, and Consciousness", in Ganeri, Jonardon (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press
• Witzel, Michael (2009), "Moving Targets? Texts, language, archaeology and history in the Late Vedic and early Buddhist periods", Indo-Iranian Journal 52(2–3), pp. 287–310

Web-sources