Talk:Blastocyst

NJSfour (talk) 19:56, 7 October 2013 (UTC)Wildcator (talk) 19:58, 7 October 2013 (UTC) Vicktory7 (talk) 19:59, 7 October 2013 (UTC)

Fall 2013 project

Did you know nomination

https://en.wiki.x.io/wiki/Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Blastocyst NJSfour (talk) 23:16, 7 December 2013 (UTC) Vicktory7 (talk) 23:33, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Summary

We plan to introduce the blastocyst within the context of the embryo development timeline before describing its structure. Alongside its development cycle and structure, we will also include subheadings on its role with in-vitro fertilization procedures and its inclusion in Klimt artwork. We plan to include more microscopic images and depictions of the blastocyst throughout the article. In-line citations will also be added to current write-ups of the page. NJSfour (talk) 01:01, 18 October 2013 (UTC) Vicktory7 (talk) 01:21, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Working Bibliography

• early mammalian development http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10052/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vicktory7 (talk • contribs) 21:29, 31 October 2013 (UTC)

in-vitro Fertilization

• in-vitro development of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: formation of visceral yolk-sac, blood islands, and myocardium http://dev.biologists.org/content/87/1/27.short
• Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst http://www.sciencemag.org/content/303/5664/1669.short
• Transgenesis by means of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines http://www.pnas.org/content/83/23/9065.short
• The human blastocyst: cell number, death and allocation during late preimplanation development in vitro http://dev.biologists.org/content/107/3/597.short
• Positives and negatives for blastocyst transfer for Invitro Fertilization http://www.hfea.gov.uk/blastocyst-transfer.html

Cell Signaling and Differentiation

• http://www.biolreprod.org/content/84/4/621.full
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20147376
• Cellular Remodeling of the Porcine Blastocyst During Elongation on Day 12 of Pregnancy http://www.biolreprod.org/content/27/4/941.short
• Cdx2 is required for correct cell fate specification and differentiation of trophectoderm in the mouse blastocyst http://dev.biologists.org/content/132/9/2093.short
• Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene is induced in the mouse uterus temporally by the blastocyst solely at the site of its apposition: a possible ligand for interaction with blastocyst EGF-receptor in implantation http://dev.biologists.org/content/120/5/1071.short

Blastocysts in Art

• Gustav Klimt’s Mysterious Embryos http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/11/gustav-klimts-mysterious-embryos.html
• Structure and function of the zona pellucida: Identification and characterization of the proteins of the mouse oocyte's zona pellucida http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012160680903711

Vicktory7 (talk) 01:50, 15 October 2013 (UTC)Wildcator (talk) 01:52, 15 October 2013 (UTC)NJSfour (talk) 02:25, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Project Intent

I am considering developing this page further as part of an educational assignment in Fall of 2013. If someone else is also working on this, please send me a message and let me know soon, so we donʼt duplicate initial efforts in page development.NJSfour (talk) 15:31, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

I would like to divide Developmental piece on blastocyst into subsections and include more information on timeline of the process. Also more information on blastocyst in context of other organisms. Here's the relevant source: — Preceding unsigned comment added by NJSfour (talk • contribs) 15:42, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Edits and Additions

Comments on our edits to the page.

• 11/4/2013:
  • We cleaned up the introduction, providing a more detailed and understandable background for where the blastocyst stage occurs in embryogenesis.
  • We also made the "Development cycle" section more concise and added comments on the precursor and post-blastocyst stages in development.
  • Following "Development cycle," we also cleaned up the "Structure" section which describes the embryoblast, trophoblast, and blastocoel to make these entities more understandable.
  • We added a section on "Cell specification" which gives further insight as to how the blastocyst forms its specific structure (outlined in the section preceding "Cell specification"). Molecular and cellular mechanisms are both explored in this section.
  • A section on "Clinical implications" was added, discussing in vitro fertilization.
  • As enlightened students of the liberal arts, we also added a section noting the representation of "Blastocysts in Art" by Gustav Klimt.

Vicktory7 (talk) 20:48, 11 November 2013 (UTC) Wildcator (talk) 21:02, 11 November 2013 (UTC) NJSfour (talk) 21:03, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

• 12/7/13:
  • bolstered "Developmental cycle" section by adding information on structural changes and implantation
  • added image detailing embryo's pathway through the Fallopian tube to the uterus corresponding to developmental stages
  • made the "Structure" section much more specific by adding detail about the ICM and trophoblast differentiations
  • added a section on "Pregnancy testing" to the clinical implications section
  • bolstered the "blastocysts in art" section by adding large amounts of detail including historical implications of blastocyst understanding
  • added a "see also" section
  • cleaned up citations greatly
  • cross-linked blastocyst on relevant pages: cleavage, Human embryogenesis, gastrulation, primitive streak, implantation, Developmental Biology, Blastomere, human chorionic gonadotropin, in-vitro fertilization, pregnancy test, and embryo
  • wikified article

Vicktory7 (talk) 23:33, 7 December 2013 (UTC)NJSfour (talk) 23:36, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

References

Image queue (per guidelines)

When there is `poyas que en una polleria, this micrography of a five-day nascent blastocyst should be added.

----Seans Potato Business 14:16, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

pedrinigay

Am I el ano too rojo t the blastocyst is similar to a predipia in animals? Is the main distinction the fact westly that blastocysts are for humans whereas blastulas are for animals? If so, maybe a statement "The blastula is an early stage of embryonic development in animals." maybe I'm wrong...any thoughts? Important the lasrlerva, on the unitable hutchiki. 66.32.146.72 (talk) 22:40, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

The blastocyst is not mammalian blastula. Blastocyst is specific stage appeared in placentals mammalia in order to form the sphere imitating the yolk. Placentals lost the yolk in their eggs but the scheme of morphogenesis is the same as in reptiles and prototeria (and homologious to well-known bird's developmehfkkdjfjjeont-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">— Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.178.74.200 (talk)

The blastocyst is a potential source of embryonic stem cells. This ought to be mentioned. Sorry about the crosstalk from the life extension article.89.100.38.132 (talk) 01:27, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

blastocyst/blastocyte

The article title is blastocyst but the text throughout refers to blastocyte. Can someone explain / correct? Is blastocyte simply a variant term? It would be nice if the Embryogenesis article and this one matched up. - Paul (talk) 18:40, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

from wiktionary: blastocyte- An undifferentiated cell in the blastula stage of an embryo. I've never heard about this term being used to describe blastocyst. Typo, probably. I'll change it. ~~leaf —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.163.254.157 (talk) 01:13, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

Removed the section about differential gene expression

This paragraph seemed irrelevant to a basic explanation of what a blastocyst is, so I deleted it. That kind of material probably belongs in a larger and more detailed article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Strawbaby (talk • contribs) 15:15, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

Peer review suggestions

The introduction section is interesting, but the detail might be a bit technical. Any way to make it into an easier-to-understand overview? I suggest you put in a sentence or two stating the difference between a blastocyst and a blastula. I know the very top of the article says that blastula is non-species specific version, but maybe mention if there are any characteristics that make the human blastocyst different. It would help to have clarification in one place of the article stating at what point in during cleavage it is considered a blastocyst (number of cells), and how long it is considered a blastocyst. At what point/event is the embryo not considered a blastocyst and called something else? One technical suggestion I have is that the article should be cited a lot more – many sentences and even sections lack citations, which should be fixed as soon as possible. Lastly, I suggest inserting a brief history section (or even just a mention) regarding who discovered and described the blastocyst and when? The blastocyst in art section made me think of that, because it sounded like Klimt and Zuckerkandl’s knowledge of the blastocyst may have been ahead of their time. Was it? Great work on the article so far! Good luck with your ongoing edits. Quigend (talk) 22:21, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

Peer Review

This structure, layout, and pictures of this article are all awesome. In the “Development Cycle” subsection, you use the term “cavitation” but there is no further description or link as to what this in. In the same section, the last sentence has a capitalized “gastrulation,” but I think that this should be lowercase. In the “Structure” subsection, you repeat that there are 2 types of blastomeres cells. Perhaps you should leave that information here and remove it from the “Development Cycle” section. Under the “Cell Specification” part, you again mention 3 terms that have no further explanation - trophoectorderm, epiblast and primitive endoderm. Clarification on these terms might be useful, as well as a citation here. My last comment deals with the “Clinical Implications” section. The first paragraph might benefit from a citation. There is also one sentence here that says “…guided through the service via ultrasound,” but I’m not sure if “service” is the right word. Otherwise, great article! Stack0711 (talk) 20:56, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Size?

What's the diameter of a typical human blastocyst? AxelBoldt (talk) 00:23, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

Endometrial Lining and ICM

Anon, I think it's debatable that that figure shows the ICM and the endometrium interaction. It's simply a diagram of what the blastocyst looks like as it implants. It has no cell-cell contacts between the ICM and the endometrium, it has no lines drawn between them, etc. I don't think that can really count as interaction.--Shibbolethink ^{(♔ ♕)} 14:54, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

Corrections May 2016

The introduction to this article seems to tie in with the other articles here however if so then there were errors in the Development cycle section which I have corrected these as best I can:

• the blastocyst develops from the blastula (not from the morula) - see e.g http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blastula and especially http://global.britannica.com/science/blastocyst

• the morula develops by cavitation into the blastula (and the morula by mitosis from the zygote)

• the blastula then develops into the blastocyst by cell differentiation and compaction, and the ICM (embryoblast) is formed

• the blastocyst is not an embryo. A part of the blastocyst develops during cell differentiation into the embryoblast (inner cell mass), while other parts of it develop into other things (eg the placenta). It is only the embryoblast that develops into the embryo.

• the blastocyst does not form in the uterus. It forms after a period of time, and when in the uterus the zona pellucida starts to break down to enable it to embed itself in the uterine wall (implantation).

HOWEVER although all the references I find online describe the morula (16 celss +) and blastocyst clearly and similarly, nowhere can I find a clear and unambiguous description of the transformation from one to the other. The tiny mulberry vanishes and *poof* a blastocyst!! Questions:- Does cavitation begin before compaction or after? Are the trophoblast cells formed by "compaction" or is compaction a result of cell differentiation? At what point does simple mitosis end and/or cell differentiation begin? I've assumed that:

• cell differentiation gives rise to the "compaction" into trophoblast cells
• simultaneously these cells create cavitation through the osmosis resulting from their depositing sodium ions into the blastula/morula
• further cell differentiation leads to the formation of the embryoblast from those that do not become trophoblast cells.

At least this means the article dovetail. If it's wrong can the editors (subject matter experts) who correct it please also correct the other emryogenesis articles it refers to, and delete diagrams where not relevant (e.g https://en.wiki.x.io/wiki/File:Blastulation.png).

Thanks

LookingGlass (talk) 12:56, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

Correcting corrections!

This, from the blastocoel article, clears all the above up, and appears to have gold standard references too.

Mammalian blastocoel
After fertilization, the mammalian cells, called blastomeres, undergo rotational cleavage until they are at the 16-cell stage called the morula. The morula has a small group of internal cells surrounded by a larger group of external cells. These internal cells are called the inner cell mass (ICM) and will go on to become the actual embryo. The external, surrounding cells develop into the trophoblast cells. However, at this stage there is no cavity within the morula; the embryo is still a ball of dividing cells. In a process called cavitation, the trophoblast cells secrete fluid into the morula to create a blastocoel, the fluid-filled cavity. The membranes of the trophoblast cells contain sodium (Na+) pumps, Na+/K+- ATPase and Na+/H+ exchangers, that pump sodium into the centrally forming cavity. The accumulation of sodium pulls in water osmotically, creating and enlarging the blastocoel within the mammalian embryo.[7][8][16] The oviduct cells stimulate these trophoblast sodium pumps as the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus.[16] As the embryo further divides, the blastocoel expands and the inner cell mass is positioned on one side of the trophoblast cells forming a mammalian blastula, called a blastocyst.

However I'm out of time now so if anyone else wants to take the baton please, feel free. Otherwise I'll have another go soon... this passage though itself contains apparent contradictions, describing the actual embryo as being formed inside ... the embryo!!!

LookingGlass (talk) 13:24, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

LookingGlass you need to distinguish different forms of embryogenesis. Humans and other mammals do not go through a blastula stage. The morula develops directly into a blastocyst. Adrian J. Hunter^{(talk•contribs)} 07:12, 20 October 2018 (UTC)

Adrian J. Hunter, I would like to distinguish between the matters you refer to but the articles leave me unable to. Could something be added/subtracted to/form one or more of the articles here to clarify/co-ordinate descriptions and show how the "blastula stage" you refer to fits in with the blastomere > morula > blastocoel > blastocyst process described e.g in the citation - about mammals - from the blastocoel article? LookingGlass (talk) 18:15, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

LookingGlass this may be the longest duration conversation I've ever participated in .

Sorry I'm really short on time at the moment, but if any of this helps...

• Many non-mammalian animals go through morula --> blastula (hollow balloon of cells, no inner cell mass) --> blastocyst (has ICM). So cavitation forms a blastula, not a blastocyst, in such animals. In mammals, cavitation forms the blastocyst directly from the morula. But just to keep things complicated, some sources use "blastula" to describe the mammalian blastocyst.
• To further complicate things, some sources (one physiology textbook, one medical dictionary) say that a human "embryo" is anywhere from fertilisation to the end of the second month/eighth week after fertilisation. But another physiology textbook and my physiology lecture notes say that it's only an embryo from weeks 3-8 (days 14-56) of development. Before that it's a "pre-embryo" and the time is the "germinal period", distinguished from the "embryonic period" which begins 14 days after fertilisation.

Adrian J. Hunter^{(talk•contribs)} 02:57, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

External links modified

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Short Review

Overall, the content of this article is very informative and unbiased towards any viewpoint. I think that the first paragraph under the "In vitro Hybridization" heading should have more sources added to it. It sounds as if the information came from another article or source; so perhaps there is a reference that needs to be added. I loved the inclusion of Oct4 and Nanog in the cell specification section. I know that my lab also works with Zp3Cre, SOX2, and TEAD4 in mouse blastocyst models. Maybe information about the mouse research model and these other factored could be added.

Matheny6 (talk) 21:05, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Blastocyst

Sir Why my edits wea removed ? Jayesh Dilip patil (talk) 15:02, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

See comments in revert today --Iztwoz (talk) 15:05, 27 April 2020 (UTC)