Tackonekintaco (birth year unknown – c. 1620s) was a 16th and 17th-century leader of the Warraskoyack tribe of the Powhatan Confederacy, in what is now the U.S. state of Virginia.
Life and rule
editTackonekintaco was a respected leader within the Warraskoyack tribe.[1] By the late 1590s, Tackonekintaco had become the new weroance of the tribe.[2][3][4] The main village of the tribe was located in present-day Smithfield, Virginia. The tribe had at least 40 warriors and over 135 tribal members.[5]
In December 1608, Tackonekintaco was visited by captain John Smith, with whom he had established friendly relations and gave corn to on an earlier trip.[6][7] He cautioned Smith against continuing his journey in search of lost colonists, primarily due to the threat of violence from Powhatan.[8][9][10] John Smith wrote that Tackonekintaco provided him with "good counsel" and he told the chief that he had his "perpetual love" and friendship.[11] Upon Smith's departure, he left his page Samuel Collier with Tackonekintaco to learn the Algonquian language, and Tackonekintaco provided some local villagers as guides to accompany Michael Sicklemore on his journey south into the Chowanoc country.[12][13][14] Tackonekintaco befriended Collier who lived with the tribe during that period.[15][16]
As weroance, Tackonekintaco controlled the tribe's surplus stock of corn which was of great interest to colonists.[4]
Capture by Virginia Company
editAfter Smith's departure from Virginia, Tackonekintaco's time in leadership was met with threats of coercion and violence by colonists.[17] In the summer of 1610, Tackonekintaco and his son, Tangoit were captured by colonists led by Christopher Newport, and held as hostages.[18][19] To receive his freedom and his son's, he was forced to contract with the Virginia Company to exchange 500 bushels of wheats, beans, and peas for an indefinite quantity of copper, beads, and hatchets from the tribe.[20][21] When Tackonekintaco refused to deliver the provisions, Governor of Virginia Baron De La Warr ordered his troops to attack their tribe and burn their main village.[19] Tackonekintaco spotted the troops coming downriver, and gave the signal for his people to flee the village and take refuge in surrounding forests.[18]
In 1623 in the aftermath of the Indian massacre of 1622, the tribe was attacked and later, an English fort was built within its borders.[22]
Death
editRecords indicate that Tackonekintaco died c. 1620s and was the last recorded weroance of the tribe.[22]
References
edit- ^ "Warraskoyack in Virginia". www.virginiaplaces.org. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Stritmatter, Roger A.; Kositsky, Lynne (2013-08-24). On the Date, Sources and Design of Shakespeare's The Tempest. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-0370-4.
- ^ Miller, Lee (2012). Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-61145-331-7.
- ^ a b Kessler, P. L. "Native North American Tribes - Powhatan Confederacy". The History Files. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Simms, William Gilmore (1846). The Life of Captain John Smith: The Founder of Virginia. G.F. Cooledge & Brother.
- ^ Barbour, Philip L. (1964). The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith. Houghton Mifflin.
- ^ Staff Reports (2024-02-05). "English colonists befriended the Warraskoyack locally". Smithfield Times. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Price, David A. (2007-12-18). Love and Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas, and the Start of a New Nation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42670-3.
- ^ Bauman, Arthur R. (2014-09-09). The Historical Background of Captain John Smiths Travels. Author House. ISBN 978-1-4969-3107-8.
- ^ Evans, C.K. (2017-10-17). "English in "ye Chowan country"". First Colony Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "The Warraskoyak Tribe". www.iwhistory.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Egloff, Nancy. "'Trusty Servants' and 'Converted Infidells': Cultural Intermediaries In Early Virginia". Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation.
- ^ Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (2000). Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8282-3.
- ^ Rountree, Helen C. (2006-07-05). Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-3340-5.
- ^ Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (2021-01-19). Pocahontas and the English Boys: Caught between Cultures in Early Virginia. NYU Press. ISBN 978-1-4798-0598-3.
- ^ Modarelli, Michael (2018-09-17). The Transatlantic Genealogy of American Anglo-Saxonism. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-78560-3.
- ^ Fausz, J. Frederick (1990). "An "Abundance of Blood Shed on Both Sides": England's First Indian War, 1609-1614". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 98 (1): 3–56. ISSN 0042-6636. JSTOR 4249117.
- ^ a b Horn, James (2021-11-16). A Brave and Cunning Prince: The Great Chief Opechancanough and the War for America. Basic Books. ISBN 978-1-5416-0003-4.
- ^ a b Strachey, William (1849). The Historie of Travaile Into Virginia Britannia: Expressing the Cosmographie and Comodities of the Country, Togither with the Manners and Customes of the People. Hakluyt Society.
- ^ Vollmann, William T. (2002-11-26). Argall: Volume Three of Seven Dreams: A Book of North American Landscapes. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4406-8417-3.
- ^ Woodward, Hobson (2009-07-09). A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-06032-2.
- ^ a b Sams, Conway Whittle (1916). The Conquest of Virginia: the Forest Primeval: An Account, Based on Original Documents, of the Indians in that Portion of the Continent in which was Established the First English Colony in America. G.P. Putnam's Sons.