Tacca integrifolia, also known as the white batflower or the black lily,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Dioscoreaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical rainforests in hilly regions of South Asia, including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and eastern China.[3]: 389 [4]
| White batflower | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Dioscoreales |
| Family: | Dioscoreaceae |
| Genus: | Tacca |
| Species: | T. integrifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl., 1812
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Habitat
editIt grows in the understorey of humid primary and secondary rainforests.[5][3]: 391 The substrates it grows in are rocky soil and sandy soil underneath leaf litter.[3]: 391
Description
editTacca integrifolia is a herb growing from a thick, cylindrical rhizome as long as 12 cm (5 in) and a diameter of 3 cm (1 in). Its oblong-elliptical or lanceolate leaf blades are borne on long stems, some 50 by 20 cm (20 by 8 in) including the petioles, with tapering bases and slender pointed tips. White batflowers that grow in hilly areas are larger in size than batflowers that grow elsewhere.[4][6][2][3]: 390, 391
Umbels
editThe flower scape is about 55 cm (22 in) long and is topped with a pair of involucral bracts, broad and erect, white with mauve venation. Among the individual nodding flowers, which are arranged in an umbel, are further long, filiform (thread-like) bracts. The perianth of each flower is tubular and purplish-black, 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, with two whorls of three perianth lobes, the outer three narrowly oblong 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long and the inner three broadly obovate.[4][2]
The fruits are fleshy berries some 2 cm (0.8 in) long, and the seeds, which have six longitudinal ridges, have the remains of the perianth lobes still attached.[4]
Ecology
editThe stamens are attached to the tube of the perianth in a helmet-like manner and, with the flat-topped stigma lobes, may form an insect trap; a sweet musky odour has been detected from these flowers and this may attract flies as pollinators. After pollination, the scape bends over and the developing fruits rest on the ground. The fleshy fruits are a dull colour with soft jelly-like pulp, and it is possible that the seeds are dispersed by rodents and other small mammals as they feed on the fruits.[6]
Use
editIn the Malay Peninsula, its leaves are dried to make cigarette wrappers.[3]: 391
References
edit- ^ "Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl". World Flora Online. World Flora Consortium. 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Hsuan Keng; See Chung Chin; Hugh T. W. Tan (1994). The Concise Flora of Singapore. Vol. II: Monocotyledons. Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 15-16. ISBN 9971-69-207-4.
- ^ a b c d e Drenth, E. (1972). "A revision of the family Taccaceae". Blumea. 20 (2): 367–406 – via Naturalis Institutional Repository.
- ^ a b c d Wiart, Christophe (2006). Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future?. World Scientific. pp. 688–689. ISBN 978-981-4480-33-8.
- ^ "Tacca integrifolia". Plants Rescue. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
- ^ a b Klaus Kubitzki (2013). Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 425–427. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7.
External links
edit
Media related to Tacca integrifolia at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Tacca integrifolia at Wikispecies
