Sympterichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Brachionichthyidae, the handfishes. These fishes are endemic to Australia.
| Sympterichthys | |
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| Sympterichthys unipennis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Brachionichthyidae |
| Genus: | Sympterichthys Gill, 1878 |
| Type species | |
| Lophius laevis Lacépède, 1804
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| Species | |
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See text | |
Taxonomy
editSympterichthys was first proposed as a genus in 1878 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with Lophius laevis, a species described in 1804 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède, as its type species.[1] Lophius naevis was preoccuppied by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, so the first available name for this taxon was Chironectes uripennis used by Georges Cuvier in 1817.[2] This genus is classified within the family Brachionichthyidae which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Brachionichthyidae within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.[3]
Etymology
editSympterichthys is a combination of symphysis, meaning "grown together", with ichthys, meaning "fish". This is a reference to the first dorsal fin spine being connected to the second by a membrane and to the third spine being connected to the second, soft-rayed dorsal fin, by an incised membrane.[4]
Species
editSympterichthys has the following two species classified within it:[5]
- Sympterichthys moultoni Last & Gledhill, 2009 (Moulton's handfish)
- Sympterichthys unipennis (G. Cuvier, 1817) (Smooth handfish) (likely extinct)[6]
Characteristics
editSympterichthys handfishes are characterised within the handfish family by having their skin covered in small embedded scales with flat, single pointed or two pointed small spines that grow out from the rear margin of the scale bases. They do not have any warts or dermal appendages on their skin.[7] Another characteristic is the fleshy Illicium (fish anatomy) is thick with small spines at its base and has a length which is 2.1 to 3 times that of the head, with the esca being large, sometimes greater than half the length of the illicium, although it has a similar thickness.[8] These fishes have maximum published standard length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in) and 4.5 cm (1.8 in).[5]
Distribution
editSympterichthys habdfishes are, like all the handfishes, endemic to Australia. The type species, S. unipennis, is known only from its holotype which was collected from the Australian Sea ("Mer de l'Australie"), thought to be Tasmania.[9] S. moultoni is found off southeastern Australia, as far north as off Cape Howe in New South Wales and south to the Bass Strait off northern Tasmania.[8]
References
edit- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Brachionichthyidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Sympterichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Sympterichthys". FishBase. February 2024 version.
- ^ Last, P.R.; Edgar, G.; Stuart-Smith, R. (2020). "Sympterichthys unipennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T123423283A123424374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T123423283A123424374.en. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ Bray, D.J. (2020). "Sympterichthys". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ a b Last, P.R.; Gledhill, D.C. (2009). "A revision of the Australian handfishes (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with descriptions of three new genera and nine new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2252: 1–77.
- ^ IUCN SSC Standards and Petitions Committee (2021). "Sympterichthys unipennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T123423283A207621852. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T123423283A207621852.en. Retrieved 21 March 2024.