Swedish passports (Swedish: Svenskt Pass) are issued to nationals of Sweden for the purpose of international travel. Besides serving as proof of Swedish citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Swedish consular officials abroad (or other EU or Nordic missions[5][6] if a Swedish embassy or consulate is not available).
| |
|---|---|
 Front cover of a biometric Swedish passport issued since 2022 | |
| Type | Passport |
| Issued by | Kingdom of Sweden |
| First issued | 1812 (first passport regulations, as amendment to the Basic Laws of Sweden)[1] 1998 (first machine-readable EU design) 1 October 2005 (first biometric version) 2 January 2012 (second biometric version) 1 January 2022 (current biometric version)[2] |
| Purpose | Identification |
| Eligibility | Swedish citizenship |
| Expiration | 5 years after issuance for individuals aged 12 and above; 3 years for citizens 11 and under |
| Cost | 500 SEK[3] (1,600 at embassies)[4] |
Swedish passports are issued by the Swedish Police and applications are made at police stations equipped with a passport terminal for taking photographs and fingerprints. Passports issued since 1 October 2005 are biometric, and valid for five years.[7] Earlier passports were valid for ten years (adults) or five years (children).
It is possible for a Swedish citizen to hold two valid passports at the same time if it is needed for work or other special reasons for as long as the necessity applies,[8][9] but not longer than the ordinary passport is valid for. This can be useful when travelling to states which reject a passport with an entry stamp or visa of another state in it (Israel vs several Arab states). It can also be used when the ordinary passport is held by another country's embassy for processing a visa application.
In 2013, Swedish passports were reported to be among the most frequently traded passports on the black market. The reason cited was that there was no limit on the number of replacement passports a holder could request. This prompted calls for legislation to limit the number of times replacement passports could be issued per individual.[10] On 15 April 2016 a new law was enacted so that no more than three passports could be issued to the same person within a five-year period.[11]
Every Swedish citizen is also a citizen of the European Union and the passport, along with the national identity card allows for freedom of movement in any of the states of the European Economic Area and Switzerland. For travel within the Nordic countries, the Nordic Passport Union allows Nordic citizens to move freely without requiring identity documentation.
Physical appearance and data contained
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The Swedish passports issued since 1 October 2005 are burgundy, with the words "EUROPEISKA UNIONEN" (EUROPEAN UNION), "SVERIGE" (SWEDEN) and "PASS" (PASSPORT) inscribed at the top of the front cover, and the Swedish lesser coat of arms emblazoned on the bottom of the front cover. The Swedish passport has the standard biometric symbol emblazoned below the coat of arms and uses the standard European Union design. Diplomatic passports are dark blue, with the words "DIPLOMATPASS" (DIPLOMATIC PASSPORT) and "SVERIGE" (SWEDEN)
Identity information page
editThe Swedish Passport includes the following printed data:[12]
- Photograph of passport holder
- Type (P)
- Code (SWE)
- Passport number
- 1 Surname
- 2 Given names
- 3 Nationality (SVENSK SWEDISH)
- 3a. Personal identity number
- 4 Date of birth
- 4a. Height
- 5 Sex
- 6 Date of issue
- 7 Date of expiry
- 8 Place of birth
- 9 Authority
- 10 Holder's signature
The information page ends with the Machine Readable Zone starting with P < SWE. In addition to this, the passport also has printed safeguards to make it easier to visually detect forgery attempts.
Different spellings of the same name
editThe name in the non-machine-readable zone is spelled as in the national population register, i.e. transliterated to Latin script if required. In the machine-readable zone, letters outside the A–Z range like å, ä or ö are mapped to digraphs, å becoming AA, ä becoming AE, and ö becoming OE. For example: Fältskog → FAELTSKOG. Letters with accents are replaced by simple letters (for example, é becomes E).
Chip data
editThe current series of passports contain an RFID chip with 16 data groups (DGs).
- DG1 – MRZ, mandatory
- DG2 – Face, mandatory
- DG3 – Finger, optional (Mandatory for EU Schengen and EU MS)
- DG4 – Iris, optional
- —
- DG14 – SecurityInfo, optional
- DG15 – Active authentication public key, optional
- SO – Security object, mandatory
The security object contains signed hash values of all data groups. Correctly verifying this SOD with its PKI certificate hierarchy will tell that the passport is authentic and issued by the correct and valid issuer. Even the public available data (DG1, DG2, DG14, DG15, SO) in the chip requires decryption with a key printed in the machine-readable zone, which aims to prevent the chip from being read without the user's consent. Sweden started capturing and storing fingerprint data for new passport applications on 28 June 2009, as required by the European Union.
Languages
editThe data page/information page is printed in Swedish and English, with translation in other official languages of the European Union elsewhere in the document. The page containing the guide to check the security features of the data page is printed only in English.
Identification requirements
editApplication is done at passport offices (located in police stations) or embassies. The applicant must show up in person, and will have the photo taken there. When doing the application identification of the applicant is needed. This is done by:[13]
- Showing a valid Swedish passport (not temporary), Swedish national identity card, Swedish driving licence, Swedish tax office id card, or an id card following the SIS standard.
A person not possessing any of these identity documents must bring a person who vouches for the identity, is at least 18 years old, has one of the above documents, and is one of:
- Husband, wife, someone living at the same address, parent, grandparent, own child, sibling, adopted parent or equivalent, employer since at least one year, or an official at an authority who knows the person through their work.
These requirements are similar to the procedure for other Swedish identity documents. There is no age limit to get a passport, but people below 18 must be accompanied by their guardian (preferably both) at application.
Visa-free travel
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Visa requirements for Swedish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Sweden. As of November 2023, Swedish citizens had visa-free, eTA or visa on arrival access to 191 countries and territories, ranking the Swedish passport 3rd in the world, according to the methodology of the Henley Passport Index.[14]
The Swedish national identity card (Swedish: nationellt identitetskort) can be used for traveling to most European countries (except Belarus, Russia, Ukraine[15] and United Kingdom[16]). It can also be used instead of a Swedish passport for entering Dominica (de facto), French overseas territories, Georgia, Montserrat (if in transit to a third country for max 14 days) and on package holidays to Tunisia. However, direct outbound travel from Sweden to non-EU/Schengen territories is not permitted by Swedish border police.
As a member state of the European Union, Swedish citizens enjoy freedom of movement within the European Economic Area (EEA). The Citizens’ Rights Directive[17] defines the right of free movement for citizens of the EEA. Through bilateral agreements freedom of movement is extended to Switzerland,[18] and all EU and EFTA nationals are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries.
Abuse and black market trade of Swedish passports
editBefore 2016, Sweden had no limit on the number of times an individual may claim to have lost a passport and have a new one re-issued. That led to Swedish passports being sold on the black market and used by people smugglers.[19] This prompted calls for legislation to limit the number of times replacement passports could be issued to each citizen.[10] On 15 April 2016 a new law was enacted limiting holders to a maximum of three passports issued within a five-year period.[11]
| Number of passport issued to individual | Number of such individuals |
|---|---|
| 3 | 20,162 |
| 4 | 4,884 |
| 5 | 998 |
| 6 | 291 |
| 7 | 96 |
| 8 | 33 |
| 9 | 14 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 11 | 3 |
| 12 | 3 |
| 18 | 1 |
Forgeries
editIn 2020 Swedish police reported 450 forged passports, nearly twice the number from the previous year, included in that number were also instances where a genuine passport was used by another individual of similar appearance. These were part of a black market where passports are bought, rented or borrowed for journeys to and from Sweden. Recorded instances included asylum seekers, people using the forged passports for criminal or any combination of the two.[20]
Historic images
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Swedish diplomatic passport from 1944, issued to Raoul Wallenberg. -
"Black cover" Swedish ordinary passport, issued in 1989. -
Machine-readable Swedish passport issued in 1998 (First EU design). -
1st generation biometric Swedish passport issued between 2005–2012. -
2nd generation biometric Swedish passport issued between 2012–2021.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Passets historia: Från jordbruksarbetare till vaccinpass". 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Nya pass och nationella identitetskort den 1 januari 2022 | Polismyndigheten".
- ^ Svar på vanliga frågor om pass och nationellt id-kort
- ^ "Ansök om pass utomlands". regeringen.se.
- ^ "Meld. St. 12 (2010–2011)". April 2011.
- ^ Article 34 of the Helsinki Treaty (Article 34 p. 8)
- ^ "Fakta om nya passet". Swedish Police Authority. Archived from the original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Passförodning (1979:664)" (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ "Passförodning (1979:664)" (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ a b Olaglig handel med svenska pass ökar, from Dagens Nyheter, accessed 29 September 2013
- ^ a b New rules to reduce abuse of Swedish passports, from Government of Sweden, accessed 15 April 2016
- ^ "PRADO". www.consilium.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "Giltig legitimation vid ansökan av pass". polisen.se (in Swedish).
- ^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2022" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ State Border Guard of Ukraine website accessed 23 October 2016
- ^ "Visiting the UK as an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen". GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ Corrigendum to Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004)
- ^ Migration, State Secretariat for. "Free Movement of Persons Switzerland – EU/EFTA". www.sem.admin.ch. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ a b (sv) Missbruk av svenska pass Omfattning och åtgärdsförslag Ds 2015:12. Ministry of Justice (Sweden). 30 April 2015. p. 71. ISBN 978-91-38-24246-9. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
- ^ Radio, Sveriges (2 March 2020). "Polisen upptäcker fler förfalskade pass - Nyheter (Ekot)". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 March 2020.
External links
edit- Swedish passport info Archived 24 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine from PRADO