The Supreme Court of Cambodia is the highest court in the judiciary of Cambodia, under the supervision of the Supreme Council of the Magistrature.[1] It is located in the royal capital of Phnom Penh, and is regulated under Article 55 to Article 73 of the 2014 Cambodian Law on Court Organization.
| Supreme Court of Cambodia | |
|---|---|
| តុលាការកំពូល | |
.jpg) | |
| Established | 22 December 1994 |
| Location | Phnom Penh, Cambodia |
| Composition method | Royal decree |
| Authorised by | Constitution of Cambodia |
| Judge term length | 5 years (renewable) |
| Number of positions | 9 |
| Chairman | |
| Currently | His Royal Highness Norodom Sihamoni |
| Since | 14 October 2004 |
| President | |
| Currently | His Excellency Chiv Keng |
| Since | 15 August 2023 |
History
editIn 1975, the Khmer Rouge destroyed the Cambodian legal system, which had to be rebuilt from 1992 onward.[2]
In 1989, a new constitution was promulgated that emphasized some fundamental freedoms and the rule of law. Under the State of Cambodia government, an overlapping relationship between the judicial and executive branches remained, which was inherited from the colonial system. The People's Supreme Court then reported this to the National Assembly of Cambodia stating that "the work of receiving and resolving suits is a matter of ideology".[3] In June 1998, Dith Munthy replaced Chan Sok as president of Cambodia's Supreme Court.[4]
In the early 2000s, the Supreme Court of Cambodia was still struggling with financial difficulties and structural deficiencies, acknowledging lack of funds meant that there were some difficulties in arranging travel for witnesses in criminal trials. There was also a lack of judges with specialist training.[5] In 2003, heading the Directorate of the Royal School for Judges and Prosecutors, Kim Sathavy oversaw the recruitment of the first the intake of the 50 first student judges of the new school, before herself being the first woman to join the Supreme Court in May 2006.[6]
The Supreme Court of Cambodia has been criticized for not being independent of the Government, led by the Cambodian People's Party. In 2014, it was noted that judicial reform laws in Cambodia were not in line with international standards by the International Commission of Jurists.[7] In a 2021 report of the United Nations, it was noted that "the fact that the Cambodian Co- Prosecutor of the ECCC, Chea Leang, is the Prosecutor General of the Supreme Court of Cambodia, and also thereby a member of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, adds a further layer of conflict of interest."[8]
Khmer Rouge Tribunal
editThe Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the Period of Democratic Kampuchea (ECCC) were established in 2004 within the Trial Court and the Supreme Court of Cambodia.[9] The Extraordinary Chambers while often referred to as 'hybrid', 'mixed' or 'internationalized' courts[10] on account of their composition, jurisdiction ratione materiae, and applicable law—are once more formally municipal criminal courts. As their name makes clear, they are special chambers 'established in the existing court structure, namely the trial court and the supreme court', of Cambodia, and the trial court and supreme court of Cambodia are established and empowered under the law of Cambodia.[11] This original system has been compared to the national tribunal for international crimes court system in Bangladesh.[12]
References
edit- ^ McCarthy, Stephen; Un, Kheang (2017-01-02). "The evolution of rule of law in Cambodia". Democratization. 24 (1): 100–118. doi:10.1080/13510347.2015.1103736. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 147625099.
- ^ Donovan, Dolores A. (1993). "Cambodia: Building a Legal System from Scratch". The International Lawyer. 27 (2): 445–454. ISSN 0020-7810. JSTOR 40707062.
- ^ Öjendal, Joakim; Lilja, Mona (2009). Beyond Democracy in Cambodia: Political Reconstruction in a Post-conflict Society. NIAS Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-87-7694-043-0.
- ^ "New Supreme Court Chief Justice Appointed". Phnom Penh Post. 1998-06-05. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ^ Puymbroeck, Rudolf V. Van (2001-01-01). Comprehensive Legal and Judicial Development: Toward an Agenda for a Just and Equitable Society in the 21st Century. World Bank Publications. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-8213-4888-8.
- ^ "Authors' snapshot". Judicial Reform Handbook (PDF). Asia Pacific Judicial Reform Forum.
- ^ "Cambodia: judicial reform laws not in line with international standards". International Commission of Jurists. 2014. doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0088-2014031.
- ^ Llewellyn, Huw (2021-03-22). An Institutional Perspective on the United Nations Criminal Tribunals: Governance, Independence and Impartiality. BRILL. p. 214. ISBN 978-90-04-44770-7.
- ^ Wilde, Ralph (2010-09-30). International Territorial Administration: How Trusteeship and the Civilizing Mission Never Went Away. OUP Oxford. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-19-957789-7.
- ^ "Remembering the Khmer Rouge Tribunal", Transitional Justice and Memory in Cambodia, Routledge, pp. 158–169, 2017-06-26, doi:10.4324/9781315549972-9, ISBN 9781315549972, retrieved 2022-03-29
- ^ O'Keefe, Roger (2015). International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-19-968904-0.
- ^ Islam, M. Rafiqul (2019-03-19). National Trials of International Crimes in Bangladesh: Transitional Justice as Reflected in Judgments. BRILL. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-90-04-38938-0.