Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.[3]
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus | |
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| Streptomyces hygroscopicus colonies | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Streptomycetales |
| Family: | Streptomycetaceae |
| Genus: | Streptomyces |
| Species: | S. hygroscopicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Jensen, 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956 [1]
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| Subspecies | |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Biochemistry
editCultures of different strains of S. hygroscopicus can be used to produce several chemical compounds or enzymes.
Small molecules
editImmunosuppressants
editSirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an antifungal and immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island.[4] Ascomycin is another immunosuppressant produced by some strains of S. hygroscopicus; it has a similar structure to sirolimus and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant.
Antibiotics
editThe antibiotics geldanamycin, hygromycin B, nigericin, validamycin, and cyclothiazomycin are found in S. hygroscopicus.
Experimental cancer drugs
editIndolocarbazoles can be found in S. hygroscopicus .
Anthelmintics and insecticides
editMilbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures.
Herbicide
editS. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos.[5]
Enzymes
editThe enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming), carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase, and hygromycin-B kinase can be isolated from cultures of S. hygroscopicus.
References
edit- ^ Page Streptomyces file 2 (File 2: Streptomyces felleus - Streptomyces mutomycini) on Bacterio.net. Retrieved 12 December 2015
- ^ Streptomyces hygroscopicus on biocyc.org
- ^ Jensen, HL (1931). "Contributions to our knowledge of the Actinomycetales. II. The definition and subdivision of the genus Actinomyces, with a preliminary account of Australian soil Actinomycetes". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 56: 345–370.
- ^ Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic". Journal of Antibiotics. 28 (10): 721–6. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721. PMID 1102508.
- ^ Murakami, Takeshi; Anzai, Hiroyuki; Imai, Satoshi; Satoh, Atsuyuki; Nagaoka, Kozo; Thompson, Charles J. (October 1986). "The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster". Molecular and General Genetics. 205 (1): 42–53. doi:10.1007/BF02428031. S2CID 32983239.
External links
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