The settlement of Steveston, founded in the 1880s,[1] is a neighbourhood of Richmond in Metro Vancouver. On the southwest tip of Lulu Island, the village is a historic port and salmon canning centre at the mouth of the South Arm of the Fraser River. The early 1900s style architecture attracts both the film and tourism industries.
History
edit
Pre-Colonization
editFor thousands of years the area that is today known as Steveston was home to the Halq’eméylem speaking peoples.[2] Specifically, the area is said to be home to at least two Musqueam villages. One known as qʷeyaʔχʷ was located East of what is today known as Garry Point Park.[2] This community was forced out of their homes due to pressure from the canneries who would replace their homes with fishing camps.[3][2] The second village, qʷɬeyəm, is believed to have been located North of Moncton Street near Railway Avenue.[2] Today, Musqueam's presence in the history of what is today known as Steveston is heavily underrepresented. As Musqueam Councillor Howard Grant explains, there is "almost nothing (in the area) with respect to Musqueam people... or First Nations in general."[3] Richmond is currently working to change this as, "recently, city council voted to rebuild the historic First Nations Bunkhouse in Britannia Heritage Shipyards--believed to be the only structure of its kind remaining along B.C.'s coast."[3][4]
Pioneers
editThe village is named for Manoah Steves, who arrived with his family around 1877–1878 from Moncton, New Brunswick, via Chatham, Ontario. Born Manoah Steeves, a second cousin of William Steeves, he dropped the second 'e' en route. The family was the first white settlers in the area.[5] The townsite began in 1880 as a crown grant to William Herbert Steves, his son. During the following decade, over 100 individuals purchased land in this original section comprising a grid pattern of 237 small lots. Becoming Steveston in 1889, this area south of today's Steveston Highway and west of No. 1 Rd. was the first subdivision in Richmond. In 1887, London's Landing, at the foot of No. 2 Rd., was also laid out on a grid.[6] New Westminster-Vancouver Island ferries called at Steveston from the early 1860s onward, becoming a Steveston-Vancouver Island run in the 1920s.[7]
Early commerce
editSalmon canning began on the river in 1871[8] with the first major cannery being the Phoenix, established in 1882 by Marshall English and Samuel Martin.[5] By the 1890s there were 45 canneries, about half of which were at Steveston, giving rise to the alternate name of Salmonopolis.[9] Each summer large numbers of Japanese, Chinese, First Nations, and European fishermen and cannery workers descended upon the village, joining a growing year-round settlement. At the port, sailing ships loaded canned salmon for export. The fishery also supported a significant boatbuilding industry.
Steveston Fire Department existed 1912–1917. Otherwise, the closest firehall was Marpole, half an hour to an hour away, depending upon road conditions. A 1908 fire in the eastern section caused over $35,000 in damages. The 1918 inferno, totalling over $0.5m in damages, destroyed three canneries (the Star, Steveston, and Lighthouse), three hotels (Star, Richmond, and London), and most of Brick Block.[10] The Marpole firetruck broke down on the way.[11] This devastating fire started in a dining/recreational area of the Star Cannery. In 1897, this same cannery suffered the first significant fire in Steveston, requiring extensive rebuilding.[12]
Steveston's aspirations to rival Vancouver as a port ended during World War I. Salmon runs peaking in 1913 was one of many factors.[13] Canning activity slowly declined and finally ceased in the 1990s. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery, built in 1894 was at one time the largest plant in British Columbia. The cannery (1994) and Britannia Shipyard (1991)[14] received National Historic Site designations.
The BCER Vancouver-Marpole-Steveston interurban tram operated 1905–1958.[15] A new building houses the static tram car 1220.[16]
Once a pioneer bank building, the Steveston Museum & Visitor Centre also operates a post office.
Steveston's Japanese Canadians
editJapanese Canadians formed a large part of Steveston's original population. Tomekichi Homma, who settled in Steveston in 1883, was one of the important early members of the Japanese community in the village. Homma Elementary School in Steveston was named in his honour. Around 1897, the Fraser River Japanese Fishermen’s Association Hospital in Steveston was established since the local hospital refused to admit and treat Japanese immigrant patients.[17]
The Japanese Canadian internment during World War II[18] was a serious blow to the community, although some of the internees returned when they were allowed and a sizable Japanese Canadian community still exists. For example, a Japanese judo and martial arts centre was developed in Steveston after the internment.
During World War II, the Department of Transport facility monitored German and Japanese (Kana code) submarine traffic. The facility closed in 1945.
In 1954, BC Packers manager Ken Fraser donated a lot to Steveston's Japanese Canadian fishermen for the purposes of building a joint community centre (which eventually became the Steveston Community Centre); the terms of the agreement also stated that the Japanese Fishermen Benevolent Association be allowed to have a judo room at the centre.[5]
In 1969, community discussion led to the development of a Japanese-style martial arts building for Steveston. The martial arts centre, now a Steveston landmark, is currently located adjacent to the Steveston Community Centre.
Post-war development
editAlong with Richmond, Steveston transformed from farmland to residential housing. Since the 1970s, the community, which remains an active fishing port, has enhanced its heritage character and waterfront to attract business and tourism.
Garry Point, at the southwest tip of the community (and Lulu Island), was named in 1827 to honour Nicholas Garry, former Deputy Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. The company ships used this promontory as a navigational aid to safely enter the Fraser River.[5] From the 1960s to the early 1990s, it was a federally-owned dump site for sand dredged from the river. Levelling the dunes created Steveston's largest park,[19][20] opened in 1989.[21] The site of the Steveston Fisherman's Memorial,[22] the park was the major host location for the Vancouver-area festivities of the 2002 Tall Ships Challenge. Approximately 400,000 people came to see a fleet of restored sailing ships docked along the river. The financial loss incurred by the event prompted strong criticism from Richmond City Council. A maritime festival continues to be held annually.[23]
In 1990, the Steveston Harbour Authority was established. In 1998, the 44-acre BC Packers cannery site was rezoned residential in exchange for keeping the waterfront portion publicly accessible.[21] Years of controversy followed regarding the zoning of the foreshore buildings.[24]
Filming location
edit
Steveston is a popular location for filming both movies and television shows, which has included the following:[25]
Tourism
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Even with extensive redevelopment, Steveston maintains the character of a quaint, historic fishing village, with over 600 fishing boats––Canada's largest fleet[27] calling Steveston Harbour home. It boasts over 350 businesses and services to accommodate a growing population. On sunny days, locals and visitors crowd the waterfront boardwalks to enjoy the scenery, people and food.
Steveston is also known as "The Gateway to the Orca," being a base for the whale watching industry. Shuttled by boat into the Gulf of Georgia, passengers observe orca (killer whales), seals, eagles and more.
Steveston Salmon Festival
editOn Canada Day, the community hosts the Steveston Salmon Festival, which has been held annually since 1946.[21] This event includes a parade, and a huge barbecued salmon sale beside the Steveston Community Centre. Municipal, provincial and federal politicians often attend, usually as part of the parade and/or to hand out Canadian flags.
Seafair
editSeafair is a neighbourhood and planning area in the city of Richmond, British Columbia.[28] It is often loosely grouped in with Steveston due to loose definition of the neighbourhood's borders. Its commercial centre is Seafair Plaza.[29]
See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ Yesaki, Mitsuo; Steves, Harold; Steves, Kathy (1998). Steveston Cannery Row: An Illustrated History. Richmond, BC: LuLu Island Printing. p. 13. ISBN 978-0968380710.
- ^ a b c d "About Steveston Heritage". Steveston Heritage. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ a b c Clarke, Kirsten (March 21, 2021). "Musqueam's long history in Richmond". Richmond News. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ "Richmond City Council recently voted to rebuild the historic First Nations Bunkhouse". Musqueam Capital Corporation. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Hopkins, Michelle (6 Oct 2006). "A really big fish story". Richmond News. Archived from the original on 2007-05-08.
- ^ Cook, Denise (2002). Richmond's Suburban History (PDF). www.umanitoba.ca (Report). Richmond Heritage Commission. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9780889257764. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- ^ "Steveston recollections". www.virtualmuseum.ca.
- ^ Reid 2013, p. 2.
- ^ Herring, Frances E. (1903). Among the people of British Columbia. T. Fisher Unwin. p. 282 – via University of Calgary.[dead link]
- ^ Reid 2013, p. 3.
- ^ Reid 2013, p. 4.
- ^ Reid 2013, p. 6.
- ^ Reid 2013, p. 8.
- ^ "Canada's Historic Places, Steveston". www.historicplaces.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- ^ "Canadian Rail, Jul-Aug 1990" (PDF). www.exporail.org. Canadian Railroad Historical Assn. pp. 120 & 123. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- ^ "Steveston tram". www. richmond.ca. Archived from the original on 2020-03-18. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- ^ Tanaka, Yusuke (October 23, 2020). "Waves of Pandemics and the Prewar Japanese Canadian Community". Discover Nikkei. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Reid 2013, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Wood, Graeme (4 Jan 2018). "Throwback Thursday: Garry Point Park tells different tales". Richmond News.
- ^ Bollwitt, Rebecca (28 February 2012). "Metro Vancouver Parks: Garry Point Park". www.miss604.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Wood, Graeme (30 Jun 2017). "Feature: 150 seminal monuments in Richmond". Richmond News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Garry Point Park". www.richmond.ca. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- ^ "Richmond News, 24 Jul 2019". www.richmond-news.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Wood, Graeme (23 May 2018). "City and Onni shake hands on rezoning Steveston waterfront". Richmond News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Steveston filming location". www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Midnight Mass Filming Locations 2021 – Garry Point Park, British Columbia Stands In for Crockett Island!". Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
- ^ "Steveston Harbour Authority". www.stevestonharbour.com. Archived from the original on 2015-10-25. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
- ^ "Official Community Plan (OCP)" (PDF). City of Richmond. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
- ^ "Seafair Shopping Centre". Regent International. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
References
edit- Reid, Alexandra (2013). Fire, Flood, and Fish: A Walking Tour of Steveston B.C. (Report). UBC Library.