Feldwebel Stefan Fejes was an Austro-Hungarian flying ace credited with 16 confirmed and 4 unconfirmed aerial victories during World War I. By war's end, he had not only received numerous decorations, he had been personally promoted by his emperor.
Stefan Fejes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Fejes Bacsi" (Uncle Fejes) |
| Born | 30 August 1891 Győr, Hungary |
| Died | Post 1949 |
| Service | Luftfahrtruppen |
| Years of service | 1912–1919; 1928–ca 1929; 1941–1945 |
| Rank | Feldwebel |
| Unit | Fliegercompanie 19, Fliegercompanie 51J |
| Awards | Gold Bravery Medal (3 awards), Silver Bravery Medal (2 First Class awards, 1 Second Class award) |
| Other work | Flew for Red Air Corps |
When Austria-Hungary dissolved at war's end, Fejes became a Hungarian citizen. He defended his new nation against invasion in the aftermath of World War I. He continued in aviation throughout World War II, as a commercial civil pilot, a military instructor, and a military transport and liaison pilot.
Early life and service
editStefan Fejes was born in Győr, Hungary on 30 August 1891. He reported for his Austro-Hungarian national service military obligation in 1912, and was posted to infantry service. At the start of World War I, he went into battle with them. In September 1914, he was wounded so seriously that it took him six months to recover. He was then assigned to motor transport on 10 March 1915. He lasted in this posting for 14 months; he then transferred to the Luftfahrtruppen.[1][2][3]
World War I aviation service
editFejes completed pilot's training in early 1917. On 3 February 1917, he was then assigned to Flik 19 at Haidenschaft as a Sergeant Pilot flying Hansa-Brandenburg C.I two-seater aircraft. Flik 19 was commanded by Adolf Heyrowsky and was a general purpose squadron operating a mixed bag of planes[3] for a wide range of missions including photographic reconnaissance, aerial observation, and bombing raids. Although aerial combat was not the unit's primary purpose, it had such aces as Franz Rudorfer, Benno Fiala von Fernbrugg, and Ludwig Hautzmayer on its strength.[4]
Fejes scored his first aerial victory on only his third operational sortie. After this promising start, he became an ace piloting the two-seater, as he and his observers downed five Italian planes together. Fejes won the Silver Bravery Medal Second Class, followed by two additional First Class awards.[1] His dogfight on 19 June 1917 may have been the fount of one of these awards; that was the day that Fejes and Josef Pürer singlehandedly took on a flight of Italian Nieuport fighters, claiming two and having their own plane downed near Schönpass in the process. Certainly, Fejes' reputation with his superiors did not hurt; they evaluated him as "earnest, modest, industrious, dependable" with good technical knowledge but a poor command of German.[4] That his victories were scored in the course of the usual duties of a reconnaissance squadron could not fail to impress.[5]
In early October 1917, Fejes was transferred to a dedicated fighter unit, Flik 51J at Ghirano, Prata di Pordenone, as part of a migration of Flik 19's aces to fighter duty. Once there, he was promoted to Feldwebel in February 1918. At his new unit, he switched mounts to an Albatros D.III fighter plane and continued his victory streak. A slight wound in the heel suffered during a prolonged dogfight within view of his home airfield on 20 March 1918 did not sidetrack him; he landed victorious, with 46 bullet holes in his plane.[6] Eventually, he ran his tally to 16 confirmed victories;[1] while doing so, he won three awards of Austria-Hungary's highest decoration for enlisted troops, the Gold Bravery Medal, in January, June, and July 1918. He also won a promotion to Stabsfeldwebel from his Emperor's own hands in July 1918.[6]
Post World War I
editWith the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of the war, Fejes became a Hungarian citizen. When Hungary was invaded by Romania, Serbia, and Czechoslovakia, Fejes helped fight the intruders. He flew a Fokker D.VII for the 8th Squadron of the Red Air Corps; Johann Risztics and Alexander Kasza served with him.[1] In May 1919, mechanical failure during a ground attack mission at Losoncz dropped him into captivity until the end of hostilities later that year.[6]
By 1920, he was free again, flying a mock dogfight against Johann Risztics in the Budapest Air Show on 7 November. By 1928, he was an instructor at a clandestine training center for the Hungarian Air Force at Szombathely, where students fondly nicknamed him "Fejes Bacsi", or "Uncle Fejes" because of his genial gentlemanly manner.[1][6][5]
From 1930–1936, he flew commercially between Zurich, Rome, and Milan. After transferring to the Hungarian Malert airline, he continued to fly as a civil pilot until 1940.[1]
On 26 June 1941, Fejes was reactivated for World War II; he served as a military transport and command liaison pilot for the duration of hostilities. At war's end, he returned to Budapest. He is believed to have survived there until at least the 1950s.[6]
List of aerial victories
editConfirmed victories are numbered. Unconfirmed victories are marked "u/c".
| No. | Date/time | Aircraft | Foe | Result | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 April 1917 | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I two-seater reconnaissance plane serial number 29.09 | Italian Nieuport fighter | Crashed and wrecked | Vicinity of Gorizia, Italy's train station | Victory shared with Adolf Heyrowsky, Josef Pürer |
| 2 | 14 May 1917 @ 0730 hours | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I | Italian Nieuport fighter (Tenente Francesco Broili - 76a Squadriglia) | Merna | Victory shared with observer Alexander Tahy | |
| 3 | 20 May 1917 @ 0815 hours | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I s/n 29.63 | Italian Spad fighter | Britof, Slovenia | ||
| 4 | 19 June 1917 | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I s/n 29.63 | Nieuport fighter | Vrtojba | Victory shared with observer Josef Pürer | |
| u/c | 19 June 1917 | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I s/n 29.63 | Nieuport fighter | Last seen in vertical dive | Vrtojba | Because of battle damage, Fejes made a forced landing after combat |
| 5 | 26 June 1917 @ 0920 hours | Hansa-Brandenburg C.I s/n 29.63 | Caudron reconnaissance plane | Crashed | Vrtojba | Victory shared with observer Alexander Tahy; also Adolf Heyrowsky and another pilot |
| 6 | Morning of 3 December 1917 | Albatros D.III fighter | Observation balloon | Set afire | Visnadello, Spresiano, Italy | Victory shared with Eugen Bönsch |
| 7 | 9 December 1917 | Albatros D.III fighter | Italian SAML S2 two-seater reconnaissance machine | Treviso, Italy | Shared victory | |
| 8 | 10 December 1917 | Albatros D.III fighter | English enemy aircraft | Candelù | ||
| 9 | 18 March 1918 past noon | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.132 | Sopwith Camel fighter | Crashed | West of Salgareda, Italy | Shared victory |
| 10 | 22 March 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter | Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 two-seater reconnaissance plane | Susegana-Saletto, Italy | Shared victory | |
| 11 | 30 March 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.42 | Sopwith Camel fighter | Forced to land | Vicinity of Oderzo | Fejes wounded in action |
| 12 | 17 April 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.28 | Sopwith Camel fighter | Probable victim W. G. Hargrave killed in action | Arcade, Italy | |
| 13 | 1 May 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.42 | Sopwith Camel fighter | Breda di Piave, Italy | ||
| u/c | 3 May 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.40 | French two-seater reconnaissance plane | Arcade, Italy | ||
| u/c | 3 May 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.55 | Observation balloon | Destroyed | Northwest of Monastier di Treviso, Italy | |
| 14 | 22 May 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 153.42 | Sopwith Camel fighter | East of Spresiano, Italy | ||
| 15 | 15 June 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter | Spad | Arcade, in vicinity of Italian 33rd Infantry Division | ||
| 16 | 1 September 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter s/n 253.54 | Sopwith Camel fighter | Arcade, Italy | ||
| u/c | 1 September 1918 | Albatros D.III fighter | Candelu[7] |
See also
editEndnotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f Franks, et al, p. 177.
- ^ O'Connor, p. 55.
- ^ a b Chant, p. 71.
- ^ a b O'Connor, pp. 55–56.
- ^ a b Chant, p. 72.
- ^ a b c d e O'Connor, p. 56.
- ^ O'Connor, pp. 55–56 and 287–288; Franks, et al, pp. 177–178; Chant, pp. 71–72; The Aerodrome website http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/austrhun/fejes.php Retrieved 31 May 2011.
References
edit- Chant, Christopher (2002). Austro-Hungarian Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-376-7.
- Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. Grub Street. ISBN 978-1898697565.
- O'Connor, Martin (1994). Air Aces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1914 - 1918. Flying Machines Press. ISBN 978-0-9637110-1-4.