Starlab is a LEO (low Earth orbit) commercial space station currently under development by Starlab Space, a joint venture between the U.S. company Voyager Space (majority shareholder in Nanoracks) and European company Airbus.[1] If development continues beyond the initially-funded phase in 2021–24, then Starlab would be launched before the decommissioning of the ISS, no earlier than 2028. The development program has received partial funding from both NASA and the ESA.
 Starlab logo | |
| Station statistics | |
|---|---|
| Launch | 2028 (planned) |
| Carrier rocket | Starship |
| Length | ≥8 m (26 ft) |
| Width | 8 m (26 ft) |
History
editBackground
editIn March 2021, NASA presented the Commercial LEO Destinations (CLD) program which aims to support the creation of private Earth-orbiting space stations in which the agency would only be one of the customers (tenant or other form of contract), with companies retaining ownership of their stations. This is a new outsourcing of the agency's space program, following on from the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services/Commercial Resupply Services (cargo transport) and Commercial Crew Development/Commercial Crew Program (crew transport) programs.[2] These stations will have to take over from the International Space Station after its deorbiting, planned for the early 2030s. For its part, NASA is focusing on its lunar exploration projects (Artemis program with Lunar Gateway station and Moon landings).
Development
editThe Starlab project was initially proposed in October 2021 by Nanoracks, its majority shareholder Voyager Space, and Lockheed Martin to respond to the Commercial LEO Destinations program (CLD) of the American space agency, NASA.[3]
The team of companies developing Starlab was one of three teams selected in December 2021 to continue their work with grants from NASA, i.e. $160 million, the two other competing teams, Blue Origin (associated with Sierra Space (carve-out from Sierra Nevada Corporation), Boeing and Redwire) and Northrop Grumman (associated with Dynetics) were granted $130 million and $125.6 million, respectively, subject to the approval by the United States Congress.[4][5][6][7][needs update] These Space Act Agreements are the first phase of two by which NASA aims to maintain an uninterrupted U.S. presence in low-Earth orbit by transitioning from the International Space Station to other platforms.
Initially, the proposed station design consisted of a docking node module surrounded by a large inflatable module (technology originally developed in the 1990s by NASA, during the Transhab project, and later extended by Bigelow Aerospace) to be built by Lockheed Martin and by a service module, providing energy (solar panels) and propulsion.[3]
At the beginning of January 2023, it was announced that Airbus Defence and Space was joining the project, which would facilitate the expansion of the station's customer base to Europeans, notably members of the European Space Agency.[8][9] “Working with Airbus we will expand Starlab’s ecosystem to serve the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member state space agencies to continue their microgravity research in LEO,” Dylan Taylor, chairman and chief executive of Voyager Space, said in the announcement. The company must provide its “technical design support and expertise” and it is later revealed that the inflatable module, developed by Lockheed Martin, is abandoned and replaced by a rigid metallic module on which the skills of the European group will be called upon.[10][11] Indeed, the technology of inflatable modules is considered insufficiently mature and safe,[according to whom?] compared to that of rigid metallic modules, for use on a main crewed module.[12]
On August 2, 2023, the partnership between the companies was modified to become a formal joint venture between Airbus Defense and Space and Voyager Space, which will be responsible for the construction and operation of the station.[13][10][14][15][16] Lockheed Martin is no longer mentioned, its role having been taken over by Airbus.
In June 2023, the project passed a Systems Requirements Review (SRR) examination conducted with NASA assessing technical maturity and “functional, technical, performance, and security requirements”.[14][17]
The interior design of the station, in particular the astronauts' living spaces, was assigned to the hospitality company Hilton Worldwide in September 2022.[18]
On October 4, 2023, Northrop Grumman announced that it was joining the Starlab project and abandoning its own station project. The company plans in particular to develop an autonomous docking system for its Cygnus spacecraft, which will resupply the station.[19]
On January 9, 2024, Voyager Space and Airbus finalized their agreement to form Starlab Space LLC, their joint venture to design and build Starlab.[20] On January 31, Starlab Space selected Starship as their launch vehicle for the space station.[1]
In April 2024 it was reported the design stage of the project was proceeding on track with launch still estimated in 2028.[21]
Design
editThe Starlab space station design as of 2023 consists of two modules: a service module providing propulsion and energy with solar panels and a module serving as habitat and laboratory and having docking ports, with module diameter of 8 m (26 ft) (compared to approximately 4 m for the ISS modules), and a pressurized volume of 450 m3 (16,000 cu ft).[15] The pressurized volume of the ISS in its fully-built long-term configuration is ~900 m3. The previous design[clarification needed] included 340 m3. Starlab also features a 60 kW power and propulsion element, with a large robotic arm for servicing cargo and external payloads[22]
The dual-module station is intended to be launched in a single launch, no earlier than 2028, on SpaceX's Starship launch vehicle, for reasons of size and mass. Starship is currently the only launch vehicle capable of launching 8-m diameter payloads.[1]
The station will be able to support 100% of the payload capacity[clarification needed] of the ISS with the capacity to conduct more than 400 experiments per year,[9] up to four astronauts.[23]
Purpose
editThe station will serve as a weightlessness research laboratory, particularly for the pharmaceutical industry, and will be open to American and European astronauts, but will not be open to space tourism.[15]
See also
edit- Aurora Space Station – Design concept for a commercial space station
- BA 2100 – Space habitat conceptualized by Bigelow Aerospace
- B330 – Space habitat designed by Bigelow Aerospace
- Bigelow Expandable Activity Module – Experimental inflatable module – Installed on ISS
- Axiom Orbital Segment – Planned ISS component
- Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
- Orbital Reef – Proposed low Earth orbit space station
- Haven-1 – Planned space station
References
edit- ^ a b c Berger, Eric (1 February 2024). "Starlab—with half the volume of the ISS—will fit inside Starship's payload bay". Ars Technica. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ Michael Sheetz (27 March 2021). "NASA wants companies to develop and build new space stations, with up to $400 million up for grabs". CNBC. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ a b Jeff Foust (21 October 2021). "Nanoracks and Lockheed Martin partner on commercial space station project". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "NASA Selects Companies to Develop Commercial Destinations in Space". NASA. 2021-12-02. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Jeff Foust (3 December 2021). "NASA awards funding to three commercial space station concepts". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Eric Berger (3 December 2021). "NASA sets sail into a promising but perilous future of private space stations". Ars Technica. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Howell, Elizabeth (2021-12-02). "NASA awards $415 million for private space stations amid ISS transition questions". Space.com. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (2023-01-04). "Airbus joins Starlab commercial space station project". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-01-21.
- ^ a b "First steps towards the space station of the future". airbus.com. 2023-01-12. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ a b Florian Maussion (2 August 2023). "Airbus embarque à bord de la future station spatiale Starlab". Les Échos (in French). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Tim Hepher; Joey Roulette (2 August 2023). "Airbus et Voyager vont créer une coentreprise pour la construction d'une station spatiale". Boursorama (in French). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Stephen Clark (4 August 2023). "Trans-Atlantic joint venture aims to build new "international" space station". Ars Technica. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ Hepher, Tim; Roulette, Joey (2023-08-02). "Voyager Space and Airbus deepen tie-up on new space station". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ^ a b Rémy Decourt (3 August 2023). "Airbus va construire une station spatiale pour la Nasa". Futura-Sciences (in French). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "Airbus monte à bord du projet Starlab de future station spatiale". challenges.fr (in French). 2 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Voyager Space et Airbus annoncent la création d'une coentreprise pour la construction et l'exploitation de Starlab" (PDF). airbus.com (in French). 2 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Starlab Systems Requirements Review: Complete". voyagerspace.com. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Voyager Space (20 September 2022). "Hilton and Voyager Space to Design Crew Lodging and Hospitality Suites Aboard Starlab". PR Newswire. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ Jeff Foust (4 October 2023). "Northrop Grumman to join Voyager Space commercial space station project". SpaceNews. Retrieved 5 September 2023..
- ^ "Voyager Space and Airbus Finalize Starlab Space LLC Joint Venture". PR Newswire (Press release). 9 January 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "Starlab On Track For Space Station Design Milestone | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "Starlab". Nanoracks. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021.
- ^ Pierre-François Mouriaux (3 August 2023). "Une coentreprise américano-européenne pour la station privée Starlab". Air et Cosmos (in French). Retrieved 4 August 2023.