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St Albans School, Hertfordshire

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St Albans School is a public school (traditional English fee-charging day and former boarding school) in the city of St Albans in Hertfordshire. Entry before Sixth Form is for boys only, but the Sixth Form has been co-educational since 1991. Founded in 948 by Wulsin (Abbot Ulsinus), St Albans School is not only the oldest school in Hertfordshire but also one of the oldest in the world. The school has been called "Britain's oldest public school" by the Daily Mail.[4] Nicholas Carlisle, in 1818, described the school as "of very ancient origin, and of great celebrity"[5] and the Good Schools Guide describes St Albans as a "traditional public school, with a rich history".[6]

St Albans School
Address
Map
Abbey Gateway

St Albans
,
Hertfordshire
,
AL3 4HB

England
Coordinates51°45′04″N 0°20′40″W / 51.7510°N 0.3445°W / 51.7510; -0.3445
Information
TypePublic school
Private day
MottoNon Nobis Nati
(Born not for ourselves)
Religious affiliation(s)Church of England
Established948
FounderWulsin (Abbot Ulsinus)
Local authorityHertfordshire
Department for Education URN117647 Tables
ChairNeil Osborn
HeadmasterJoe Silvester[1]
Second MasterMelody Jones[2]
ChaplainThe Revd. Dr. C.D. Pines[3]
GenderBoys (coeducational sixth form)
Age11 to 18
Enrolment790
HousesHawking
Marsh
Hampson
Renfrew
Colour(s)Black, blue, gold and red     
PublicationThe Albanian
Versa
Former pupilsOld Albanians
Websitehttp://www.st-albans.herts.sch.uk/

Among its famous alumni are Pope Adrian IV, Colin Renfrew, Jack Goody, Stephen Hawking, and Ian Grant.

The current headmaster, Joe Silvester, was appointed in 2024, and was previously headmaster of Wetherby Senior School.

School arms

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The school coat of arms is composed of the cross of Saint Alban together with the School motto.

The cross of Saint Alban is a gold saltire (a cross, signifying that Alban was martyred, but diagonal, as he was beheaded, not crucified) on a blue field (or, in heraldic terms, Azure, a saltire Or).

The current school motto is Non nobis nati ("Born not for ourselves"). This dates back to the family of the 12th century Geoffrey de Gorham (Master and subsequently Abbot of St Albans), deriving from Cicero's ("Non nobis solum nati sumus"; "We are not born for ourselves alone"), and was used until the Reformation. It was re-introduced in 1994, thereby stressing the link between the School before and after the dissolution of the monastery in 1539.

Non nobis nati replaced the previous motto Mediocria firma ("The middle road is best"), used between the 16th and 20th centuries. This was the motto of the Bacon family at Gorhambury (including Sir Nicholas and Sir Francis Bacon). This formed part of the Bacon coat of arms, which for instance can still be seen outside the Verulam Arms public house in nearby Welclose Street and inside St Mary's Church, Redbourn.

History

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Pre-Reformation history

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The Abbey Gateway, now home to the school's History and Religious Studies departments.

The school was founded within St Albans Abbey by Abbot Wulsin in 948 and was the first school in the world to accept students not intending to join a religious order, being the first school open to the wider public.[7] By the 12th century, the School had built for itself such a reputation that the famous Norman scholars Geoffrey de Gorham and Alexander Neckam applied for the post of Master.[7] Geoffrey de Gorham was later to become Abbot of St Albans in 1119, and the School then remained under the control of the Abbot until the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539.[8]

By the 12th century, the school was one of the largest in the British Isles. On 16 September 1309, the school was given new statutes, including scholarships for poor students.[9] The school and Abbey were sacked in 1381 during the Peasants' Revolt. (The revolt's leader John Ball, was also a former pupil of the school.) By the 15th century, the school was located in buildings in Romeland and inside the Abbey Gateway, which from 1479 housed schoolmaster's press.[10] The St Albans Press continues today, in a semi-dormant form, as "John Insomuch Schoolmaster Printer 1479 Ltd", making the school the oldest extant presses in the world.[11]

Post-Reformation history

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After the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539, Richard Boreman, the last Abbot, became Headmaster and the school moved to a chapel near St Peter's church in St Albans after its buildings in Romeland were demolished by Sir Richard Lee for building materials to rebuild Sopwell Priory into a country house.[12] In 1549, to put the school on a firmer foundation, the last Abbot was granted the right to maintain a Grammar School by a private Act of Parliament.[12] Around 1545, the school outgrew its St Peter's church premises and moved again to the Lady Chapel at the east end of the Abbey, bought for the huge sum of £100, and it was separated from the rest of the abbey with a wall made of smashed stones from the ancient shrine of St Alban.[12] In 1553 the Crown sold the rest of the Abbey Church to the town for £400 (the value of the lead on its roof) and became a Church of England parish church for the new Borough of St Albans.[12]

In 1570 Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal and father of Sir Francis Bacon, then living at nearby Gorhambury, gave the school new statutes and re-endowed the School by successful petitioning Queen Elizabeth I for a Wine Charter (extended by King James I in 1606).[7] The only other educational institutions with the same privileges to tax the alcohol trade in their localities were the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The income from taxation on wine and beer sales in the St Albans continued to fund the school until 1922, when they were surrendered to the Treasury in return for £1200 in the Oxford and St Albans Wine Privileges (Abolition) Bill.[13] Other benefactors from this period include Sir Richard Platt, Citizen of London, sometime Master of the Worshipful Company of Brewers and later founder of Aldenham School, who 'conveyed to the Mayor and Burgesses, and their Successors for ever' former-Abbey land on George Street in St Albans for the benefit of the school, and Charles Hale, whose relative Richard Hale later founded a grammar school in the town of Hertford.[14]

Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Nicholas Bacon also founded the school's library in 1570, which moved from Sumpter Yard in the 19th century to the Abbey Gateway, and then in the 1980s to an impressive converted 19th century neo-Gothic hall, opened by Colin Renfrew, then Master of Jesus College, Cambridge. The library collection now holds over 16,000 volumes and Elizabeth I is still regarded as the 'Benefactor Royal' of the St Albans School Library.[15]

Other significant benefactions to the school include a gift of clay pits near St Albans made in 1582[14] and a significant amount of land by Charles Woollam, an Old Albanian, in the 19th century, including playing fields at Belmont Hill and St Alban's "Holy Well", which was a site for medieval pilgrimage.[16]

In 1626, King Charles I visited the school in a royal inspection. His visit to St Albans was recorded by a royal crest being built into one of the fireplace surrounds in the Abbey Gateway and this room is still called the "King Charles Room" in honour of his visit.[17]

As a Free School in the 17th Century, the master of St Albans School was supposed to teach certain children in return for his salary, with such fees administered by the school's trustees rather than in return for tuition fees paid by parents. The children taught by the master were selected by their adherence to the specification of the school's donors or founder. In the early 17th century, those from outside the borough of St Albans who attended the school paid 12d; the price for students from within the borough was 4d.[18] In Nicholas Carlisle's 1818 survey of Endowed Grammar Schools, it is noted that St Albans School was particularly unique insofar as it explicitly stated that "poor men's children were to be received before others".[19] This provision was ended however, by virtue of the Master neglecting other students. Indeed, it is noted that in 1635 "many parents, upon hope to benefit their children more than the general, have secretly exceeded the rates aforesaid, being the ancient rates settled at the foundation of the free school . . . for that cause the said schoolmasters have applied themselves in their pains and affections much more to the children of such parents than the general".[20]

After over three centuries in the Lady Chapel, in 1871, due to the restoration of the Abbey and the re-instatement of the Lady Chapel, the school moved into the Abbey Gateway (which had been built in 1365 and, following the dissolution, had been used as a prison for 300 years; now a scheduled ancient monument).[21]

Between 1907 and 1976, it was a direct grant grammar school, keeping the name St Albans School for most part not least because of the existence of 2 separate Boys' and Girls' Grammar Schools in St Albans and was generally referred to simply as a Direct Grant School. In the 1960s and 1970s many of the pupils at the school enjoyed a free education, paid for by public funds. From 1980 to 2005, it also offered free places to poor but academically talented pupils under the Assisted Places Scheme. Since the 1970s, the school has also offered a large number of scholarships and bursaries up to 100% of the school's fees, funded from its endowments.

Since the 19th century, there have been many additions to the school site, which now comprises a very interesting architectural mixture of buildings dating from the Roman-era cellar, where the archives are kept under the Abbey Gateway, to modern extensions built in the 1990s.[22] The school also includes the oldest room in the world regularly used as a classroom, the 12th century West Gate Room, which was incorporated from a previous gateway into the current Abbey Gateway in the 1360s.[22] Ptolemy Dean is the current school architect.[23]

The Woollam Playing Fields, a couple of miles away to the north of the city, provides an extensive, modern, outdoor sports facility for the School and the Old Albanian Sports Club.[24] At over 100 acres, it was the largest sporting development in Western Europe until the construction of the Olympic Park in East London for the 2012 games. The site was officially opened in October 2002 by Prince Richard, The Duke of Gloucester. Woollam's was built on part of a 400-acre farm owned by the school, which also contains a field studies centre used by the school's biology department. In 2003, the school opened a new Drama Department building and theatre in Romeland, on the site of the medieval school's building, called the "New Place".

The summer of 2012 saw the completion of a new sports centre on site, with sports hall, swimming pool, climbing wall, fitness suite and dance studio. Another recent development was the acquisition of Aquis Court, an office building adjacent to the school, which provides facilities for the sixth form, with a new common room, cafeteria and classrooms, while the art department also has new facilities.[25]

Religion and musical education

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The school still maintains links with St Albans Cathedral, which doubles as the school's chapel. Services are held there every Monday and Friday morning during term time, and special events held there include the annual Founders' Day and two carol services, led by the school choir, who still wear black and blue gowns in the same style as worn by undergraduates at Trinity College, Cambridge and similar to those worn by monks at the Abbey in medieval times. In addition, the school's music staff are usually linked with the Abbey's musical staff. Andrew Parnell, organist and harpsichordist, was assistant master of music at the Abbey as well as being master of music and choirmaster at the school from 1976 to 2001. Simon Lindley also held these posts a few years earlier; John Rutter's 1974 carol Jesus Child bears a dedication "for Simon Lindley and the choir of St Albans School".[26]

Academic tradition

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Scientific tradition

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The school also has a long scientific tradition, stretching back to the Norman era, when Alexander Neckam became master of the school. Since the advent of modern science, the school has produced many famous scientists and mathematicians including cognitive scientist Colin Cherry, physicist Ian Grant, cosmologist Stephen Hawking (inspired by Dikran Tahta, a teacher at the school who later worked at the Open University), and mathematician Christopher Budd. In the light of its long scientific heritage, the school was awarded a large sum of money in 2007 by the Wolfson Foundation to rebuild its physics laboratories to university standards.[27] It has maintained a reputation for being a science and maths oriented school.

Historical tradition

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St Albans School has also produced some notable historians and historiographers. In medieval times, the school and one of its alumni, Matthew Paris, were closely associated with the St Albans school of medieval historiography, and developed one of the first consistent methods of historical writing.[28] More recently; two teachers in the award-winning Ancient History department published a book on Roman sources in 2010.[11] Some notable historians who are alumni of the school include Colin Renfrew, an archaeological historian and former Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge, Ernest Gellner, an anthropological historian, Professor Malcolm Schofield of St John's College, Cambridge, and more recently Justin Pollard, a TV historian, and Peter Sarris, a specialist on the Byzantine Empire and a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

The school today

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St Albans School is predominantly a single-sex school for boys, but has accepted girls into the sixth form since 1991. It is a member of the Headmasters' Conference of leading public schools. In its earlier days it was known as the Free School of St Albans, City of St Alban Grammar School or St Albans Grammar School.[5] It is often (erroneously) referred to as "The Boys' School", "St Albans Boys" and "The Abbey School" (thereby causing confusion with The Abbey C of E Primary School nearby which is almost always referred to as "The Abbey School", and the adjacent but now defunct Abbey National Boys' School, a name which is still borne by a building in nearby Spicer Street).

In 1967 the School acquired what was then a derelict hill farm in the Brecon Beacons.[citation needed] The property, Pen Arthur, was restored and is now a Field Studies Centre. Academic departments use Pen Arthur for field trips and study weekends throughout the year, and it is a base for outdoor activities organised by the Combined Cadet Force and for The Duke of Edinburgh's Award.

Old Albanians/ Alumni

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See also: Category:People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire

Former pupils of the School are known as OAs or 'Old Albanians'.[29]

12th century

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Pope Adrian IV

13th century

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14th century

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John Ball

15th century

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16th century

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17th century

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William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper

18th century

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19th century

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20th century

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Stephen Hawking

21st century

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Notable teachers

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James Shirley

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Joe Silvester".
  2. ^ "Melody Jones".
  3. ^ "Teaching and Support Staff".
  4. ^ St Albans School Archive flickr.com Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b N. Carlisle, "A concise description of the endowed grammar schools in England" (1818) p. 508
  6. ^ St Albans School | St Albans | LEA:Hertfordshire | Hertfordshire Archived 19 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine. The Good Schools Guide. Retrieved on 2011-12-13.
  7. ^ a b c F.J. Kilvington, A Short History of St Albans School (1986)
  8. ^ Houses of Benedictine monks – St Albans Abbey – After the Conquest | A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 4 (pp. 372–416). British-history.ac.uk (22 June 2003). Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  9. ^ "St Albans School Statutes" [1309], in A. F. Leach, "Educational Charters and Documents 598 to 1909" pp. 241–253
  10. ^ See exhibition in the north aisle at St Albans Abbey
  11. ^ a b DIRECTORS' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 5 APRIL 2007. ST ALBANS SCHOOL
  12. ^ a b c d Rickmansworth Historical Society – St Albans dissolution of monastery. Rickmansworthhistoricalsociety.btck.co.uk. Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  13. ^ OXFORD AND ST. ALBANS WINE PRIVILEGES (ABOLITION) [MONEY]. (Hansard, 9 May 1922). api.parliament.uk (9 May 1922). Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  14. ^ a b N. Carlisle, "A concise description of the endowed grammar schools in England" (1818)
  15. ^ See library boards dated c. 1570, St Albans School
  16. ^ Parks and Gardens UK. Parksandgardens.ac.uk. Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  17. ^ Frank Kilvington’s Slide Collection. Tray Index. (DOC file). stalbanshistory.org
  18. ^ Nicholas Carlisle, Endowed Grammar Schools, (Volume 1, 1818), p518-9
  19. ^ David Cressy, Educational Opportunities in Tudor and Stuart England, Cambridge University Press (16:3, 1976) p307-8
  20. ^ Nicholas Carlisle, Endowed Grammar Schools, (Volume 1 1818), p518-9
  21. ^ Character Area 2 Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) . Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  22. ^ a b Hertfordshire HER & St Albans UAD. heritagegateway.org.uk
  23. ^ The Capital Development Programme – The Old Albanian Club Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Oaconnect.co.uk. Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  24. ^ OA Sport Archived 13 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. OA Sport. Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  25. ^ St Albans school reveals expansion plans (From St Albans & Harpenden Review). Stalbansreview.co.uk (26 September 2011). Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  26. ^ J. Rutter (eds.), "Carols for Choirs I"
  27. ^ St Albans School Foundation Annual Report 2009-2010. Issuu.com (29 June 2011). Retrieved on 13 December 2011.
  28. ^ A. Gransden, "Historical Writing in England: c. 500 to c. 1307" (1996) pp. 355–360
  29. ^ Welcome. OA community, St Albans School. oaconnect.co.uk
  30. ^ "City & Financial Global – Leading research-based conference companies". City & Financial Global. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Professor Sir Jack Goody: 1919 - 2015 | St John's College, Cambridge". Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  32. ^ "An Interview with Author, Andrew Grant". Trisha Sugarek, Writer at Play. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2019. He went to school in St Albans, Hertfordshire and later attended the University of Sheffield where he studied English Literature and Drama.
  33. ^ "Interview with Andrew Grant on Joy on Paper". Grant was a featured guest with his wife, Tasha Alexander, on the syndicated radio program Joy on Paper's 4th Anniversary.
  34. ^ Information from archivist at St Albans School Archive.
  35. ^ "New twins give Toor happier end to Radlett season". Club Cricket Conference. 30 October 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  36. ^ "Getting to Know: England U20s scrum-half Charlie Bracken". 3 July 2023.
  37. ^ Kilvington 1970, pp. 128.
  38. ^ url=https://education-today.co.uk/st-albans-school-enhances-its-reputation-for-sporting-excellence-with-the-appointment-of-kyran-bracken-mbe-and-its-partnership-with-hudl-technology/
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