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Saint-Maurice River

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The Saint-Maurice River (French: Rivière Saint-Maurice, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ mɔʁis]; Atikamekw: Tapiskwan sipi) is one of the main tributaries of the St. Lawrence River, after the Ottawa and the Saguenay Rivers and drains an area of 42,735 km2. It touches the Lake Saint John watershed to the north; the Nottaway River watershed, a major tributary of James Bay, to the northwest; and the southwestern tributaries of the Ottawa River. The Saint-Maurice River is located on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.[2]

Saint-Maurice River
Tapiskwan sipi
Timber rafting, Shawinigan, 1994
Native nameRivière Saint-Maurice (French)
Location
Country Canada
Province Quebec
RegionMauricie
Physical characteristics
SourceGouin Reservoir
 • coordinates48°21′15″N 74°06′00″W / 48.35417°N 74.10000°W / 48.35417; -74.10000
 • elevation404 m (1,325 ft)
MouthSaint Lawrence River
 • location
Trois-Rivières
 • coordinates
46°20′55″N 72°31′40″W / 46.34861°N 72.52778°W / 46.34861; -72.52778
 • elevation
3 m (9.8 ft)
Length563 km (350 mi)[1]
Basin size43,300 km2 (16,700 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average730 m3/s (26,000 cu ft/s)

The main tributaries of the Saint-Maurice River are:

Between Weymontachie and Trois-Rivières, the St-Maurice River has 27 tributaries identified as significant enough for downhill wood:[3] Weymontachingue, Manouane, Little Rock, Little Flamand, Windigo, Flamand, Coucoucache, Grande Pierriche (Great Pierriche), Petite Pierriche (Little Pierriche), "La Trenche", Vermillion, Croche, Rivière-au-Lait, Bostonnais, Little Bostonnais, Small Stream, Mountain, Caribou, Rivière-aux-Rats, Wessonneau, Little Batiscan River, l'Oiseau (Bird), Bête Puante (Beast Puante), Mattawin, Mekinac, River "au Lac des Pêches" and Shawinigan River.

During the 18th century, early fur traders travelled along the river. During the second half of the 19th century, logging became an important industry in the surrounding Mauricie region. For much of the 20th century, the river was used to transport logs to mills down river and it was, and still is, a major source of hydroelectric power.

First communication channel in this region, the river was used by local Native Americans long before the arrival of Europeans on the spot. Early explorations by religious conversion in pain and trappers in search of furs for the trade, it was one of the primary routes of rivers in Quebec.

Several municipalities have been established on its banks, thereby taking advantage of its hydroelectric power where the falls were high enough to install a dam integration an electrical generating station. Among other cities, La Tuque, Shawinigan and Trois-Rivières are the best known, and are themselves located along the Route 155 which connects the St. Lawrence River to Lake St. John.

Origin of name

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Saint-Maurice River in Trois-Rivières.

The original name of the river was "Métabéroutin", the name given by Algonquin, which means "discharge of the wind" and in turn, the Attikameks of Haute-Mauricie still call "Sipi Tapiskwan", the "river of the threaded needle". The Abenaki the call the river "Madôbaladenitekw" or the "river that ends". Jacques Cartier named it "River Fouez" in honor of the House of Foix in 1535. However, this name was abandoned in the early 17th century to the name of "Three Rivers". Its current name was given in the early 18th century in reference to the "fief of Saint-Maurice", the common name of lordship on the west bank granted about 1668 to Maurice Poulin in La Fontaine, government prosecutor of Three Rivers. He was the owner of some property along the river in the 17th century.[2] The name "St. Maurice" is attested for the first time in a judgment dated 1723 and definitely supplanted the "Three Rivers" between 1730 and 1740.

The river gave its name to the administrative region of Mauricie.

Communities

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Communities on the river include, from the mouth of the river:

Bridges and other cross structures

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Order from downstream (Trois-Rivières) toward upstream:

Territory of Shawinigan

Territory of La Tuque

Hydroelectric power stations and other dams

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Order from downstream (Trois-Rivières) to upstream:

  1. La Gabelle Generating Station
  2. Shawinigan-2 Generating Station and Shawinigan-3 Generating Station (same falls)
  3. Rocher-de-Grand-Mère Generating Station and Grand-Mère Generating Station (same falls)
  4. La Tuque Generating Station
  5. Beaumont generating station
  6. La Trenche Generating Station
  7. Rapide-Blanc Generating Station
  8. Rapides-des-Coeurs Generating Station
  9. Chute-Allard Generating Station
  10. Gouin Dam

All plants on the St. Maurice are the property of Hydro-Québec.

Timber transportation

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In 1996, the Saint-Maurice River was the last river in Quebec to stop the transportation of timber by flotation. For nearly 150 years, companies in forestry have used the current of the river and its tributaries for timber transportation. Before being stacked on the ice in Upper-Mauricie, logs were identified in order to be recovered downstream where baunes were implemented, including Grandes-Piles, in Grand-Mère, Shawinigan or Trois-Rivières.

Each spring, an army of loggers cleaned the river banks for delivering timbers which were hung on the shores, bays, rocks or in riparian wood. The loggers sorted the timbers for relaunching them into the water for redirecting them to Pulp paper plant downstream.

Wildlife fish

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In the last 174 kilometers (108 miles), between Trois-Rivières and La Tuque, the experts found 42 fish species frequenting the river.[4] The density of fish biomass is generally low, which is characteristic of rivers in Canadian Shield.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Natural Resources Canada > Atlas of Canada > Rivers
  2. ^ a b "Saint-Maurice River". Commission de Toponymie du Québec (in French). Government of Quebec. 1968-12-05. Retrieved 2023-11-25. Metaberoutin, is mentioned in the Jesuit Relations in 1635
  3. ^ Journals of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, 11 (1852).
  4. ^ "The diversity of fishes: Watershed of the Saint-Maurice River". Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  5. ^ Saint-Jacques, Nathalie & Richard, Yvon. "The basin of the Saint-Maurice River: fish communities and the biotic integrity of the environment, 1996" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. p. 59. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
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