Spurwinkia salsa is a species of very small aquatic snail, an operculate gastropod mollusk in the family Cochliopidae.[1]
| Spurwinkia salsa | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | S. salsa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Spurwinkia salsa (Pilsbry, 1905)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Distribution
editDistribution of Spurwinkia salsa in the North West Atlantic is from 44.01°N to 38.25°N and from 75.9°W to 69.6°W.[2]
Distribution of Spurwinkia salsa in the USA: Gulf of Maine, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey and Maryland.[2]
Description
editHabitat
editBrackish water.[2] Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[3] Maximum recorded depth is 6 m.[3]
Life History
editSpurwinkia salsa is a species of herbivorous snail that grazes on detritus, diatoms, and other species of periphyton in estuarine environments.[4] They also serve as prey for riparian and aquatic predators such as shorebirds, crabs, and fishes.[5]
Spurwinkia salsa is native to shallow brackish waters along the eastern North American coast, occurring in the northwest Atlantic from New Brunswick, Canada to Florida, USA.[5][6] An invasive population in south San Francisco Bay, California was also discovered in 2008; however, given their small size, these snails may have been introduced in the 19th or 20th century and not discovered until more recently.[7] The most likely explanation for this invasion is anthropogenic transport, as this distribution cannot be reasonably explained by any of the species’s natural transport mechanisms.[7]
Spurwinkia salsa do not demonstrate sexual dimorphism, with males and females having shells that are not significantly different from one another. On average, the shells of mature individuals are made up of 6.0 whorls; however, shells up to 6.5 whorls and over 7mm in length have been observed.[8] While previously described as Hydrobia salsa, this species was later reclassified into the genus Spurwinkia due to observed differences in the digestive and reproductive tracts not seen in any other species of Hydrobia.[8]
References
editThis article incorporates CC-BY-SA-3.0 text from the reference[2]
- ^ a b Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Spurwinkia salsa (Pilsbry, 1905). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160412 on 2014-11-16
- ^ a b c d Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2010). Spurwinkia salsa (Pilsbry, 1905). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160412 on 2011-02-07
- ^ a b c Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
- ^ Pung, Oscar J.; Grinstead, C. Brad; Kersten, Kraig; Edenfield, Catherine L. (2008). "Spatial Distribution of Hydrobiid Snails in Salt Marsh along the Skidaway River in Southeastern Georgia with Notes on Their Larval Trematodes". Southeastern Naturalist. 7 (4): 717–728. ISSN 1528-7092.
- ^ a b "Spurwinkia salsa". Smithsonian Environmental Research Center's NEMESIS. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
- ^ McAlpine, Donald F. (2005). "Spurwinkia salsa (Pilsbry 1905) (Gastropoda : Hydrobiid) in the Kennebecasis Estuary, New Brunswick: A brackish-water snail new to Canada". Journal of Conchology. 38 (5): 602–604 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ a b Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Carlton, James T.; Cohen, Andrew; Davis, Cheryl; Sorensen, Jeff; Weedman, David (2015). "New discoveries of introduced and cryptogenic fresh and brackish water gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae) in the western United States". Aquatic Invasions. 10 (2): 147–156 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ a b Davis, George M.; Mazurkiewicz, Michael; Mandracchia, Michael (1982). "Spurwinkia: Morphology, Systematics, and Ecology of a New Genus of North American Marshland Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 134: 143–177. ISSN 0097-3157.