The Neotropical tortoise beetle tribe Spilophorini comprises two genera, Calyptocephala Chevrolat, 1836 (12 species) and Spilophora Boheman, 1850 (18 species).[1] Biological information is limited but the life cycle includes six larval instars (contrasting with five instars in other tortoisebeetles) and the larvae construct a shield of their cast skins (exuviae, exoskeleton).[2][3][4]
| Spilophorini | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Cassidinae |
| Tribe: | Spilophorini Chapuis, 1875 |
References
edit- ^ Borowiec L, and J. Świętojańska. 2002–2021. World Catalog of Cassidinae, Wrocław, Poland. URL http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/katalog%20internetowy/index.htm
- ^ Chaboo, C.S., S. Adam, K. Nishida, L. Schletzbaum. 2023. Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of fecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini). ZooKeys Special Issue, Research on Chrysomelidae 9. ZooKeys 1177: 87–146. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1177.102600
- ^ Córdova-Ballona, L. & S. Sánchez-Soto. 2008. Bionomics data and descriptions of the immatures of Calyptocephala gerstaeckeri Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), pest of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis J.) and camedor palm (Chamaedorea elegans Mart.) (Arecaceae) in Tabasco, Mexico. Neotropical Entomology 37(6):674–680.
- ^ Nishida, K., L. Ferrufino-Acosta, & C.S. Chaboo. 2020. A new host plant family for Cassidinae s.l.: Calyptocephala attenuata (Spaeth, 1919) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Spilophorini) on Smilax (Smilacaceae) in Costa Rica. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 96(4): 263–267.